BACKGROUND:Previous studies have found that the susceptibility genes of adiponectin gene and calpain 10 gene of type 2 diabetes are closely related with the incidence of diabetes in Chinese renal transplantation patients. So, are other susceptibility genes of type 2 diabetes also associated with posttransplantation diabetes mel itus? OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between the zinc transporter solute carrier family 30 member 8 (SLC30A8) gene polymorphism and the posttransplantation diabetes mel itus. METHODS:A total of 97 patients with posttransplantation diabetes mel itus and 301 patents without posttransplantation diabetes mel itus (control group) were selected, and then the SLC30A8 gene rs13266634 genotype was detected with real-time PCR method. The association between gene polymorphism and posttransplantation diabetes mel itus was analyzed with Logistic regression test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were significant differences in al ele frequencies and genotype distributions of rs13266634 between the patients with and without posttransplantation diabetes mel itus (P<0.05). After adjustments of age, sex, body weight and body mass index, the incidence of posttransplantation diabetes mel itus of the CC genotype patients was 2.108 times to that of the TT genotype patients (odds ratio=2.108, 95%confidence interval:1.075-4.131, P=0.044);and the incidence of posttransplantation diabetes mel itus of the CC+CT genotype patients was 1.862 times to that of the TT genotype patients (odds ratio=1.862, 95%confidence interval:1.049-3.306, P=0.034). The results suggest that the C-al ele in rs13266634 of SLC30A8 gene is the independent risk factor of posttransplantation diabetes mel itus.

Objective To establish the quality standard of Buxin Ruanmai granules. Methods TLC was used to identify Ophiopogonis, Corni Fructus, Hirudo, Ginkgo Folium and Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix. HPLC was used to determine the content of salidroside and loganin. Results Ophiopogonis, Corni Fructus, Hirudo, Ginkgo Folium and Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix could be identified by TLC. The linear range of salidroside was within 0.290 2-2.902 4 μg and the average recovery (n=6) was 99.64%(RSD=2.72%). The linear range of loganin was within 0.083 1-0.831 2 μg and the average recovery (n=6) was 100.12% (RSD=2.27%). Conclusion The method is simple, accurate and reproducible, which can effectively control the quality of Buxin Ruanmai granules.

To observe the protective effect of heparin-coated circuits (HCC) on the platelet function during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), 23 patients with heart valve replacement were studied. The system heparin dose was 3 mg/kg in the control group (n = 15) and heparin-coated circuits in the HCC group (n = 8). Platelet count, alpha-granule membrane protein-140 (GMP-140) concentrations were determined before CPB, at 60 min of CPB, 30 and 60 min after protamine administration, first 12 h after CPB, respectively. At end of CPB the arterial filters in the circuits were observed by electron microscopy. The amount of first 12-h postoperative blood loss was measured. There was significant reduction in platelet loss during and after CPB in the HCC group in contrast to the control group during CPB (P<0.05). During the first 12 h, postoperative blood loss was reduced in the HCC group as compared with that in the control group (218+/-61 ml, vs. 332+/-118 ml, P<0.05). Electron microscopy showed that in the HCC group the filter meshes and their fringes were clear and fragments of floccules were occasionally seen, without adherent cells or only few adherent cells on their surfaces, whereas several cellular and fibrous components were found to adhere to the surfaces of the filter meshes in the control group. This study indicates that heparin-coated circuits might reduce the platelet loss and activation during CPB and improve hemocompatibility of cardiopulmonary bypass equipment.
Adult ; Anticoagulants ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Blood Coagulation ; drug effects ; Blood Platelets ; metabolism ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; instrumentation ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; therapeutic use ; Extracorporeal Circulation ; Female ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; Heparin ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; surgery ; P-Selectin ; metabolism ; Platelet Activation ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo determine the cause of acute poisoning occurred in a factory in Yangjiang city, Guangdong province.

METHODSIn a cross-sectional study, interviews were conducted with the administrators of the factory and the local physician. A review was conducted on the water system used for industrial purposes and a separate system used by workers for drinking water. Treatment and discharge of industrial waste water were examined. Face-to-face interview was conducted to identify risk of exposure for illness among workers.

RESULTSA total number of 36 cases were identified in the plant and the attack rate was 16.4% (36/220). The incubation period (time between drinking polluted water and the onset of symptoms) had a median of 90 minutes (range: 30 - 230 minutes). Consuming water at the factory increased the attack rate and a dose-response effect was identified (chi(2)(trend) = 79.115, P < 0.01). The nitrite content of residuals in drinking water exceeded the WHO standard (1 ppm).

CONCLUSIONSThe accident of acute poisoning was due to drinking water contaminated with sodium nitrite. The prevention of drinking water contaminated by toxic chemicals like sodium nitrite, and the design of industrial and potable water supply system need to be carefully reviewed. Regulations should be developed and enforced to minimize the impact of industrial waste water discharges to guarantee the access to clean drinking water.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Industrial Waste ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitrites ; poisoning ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; poisoning ; Water Supply ; analysis

Objective To study the effect of adenosine preconditioning on cell apoptosis and expressions of glucose-regulated protein (GRP-78) and cysteinylaspartate-specific protease 12 (caspase-12) in rats with spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Twenty-seven rats were randomized into 3 equal groups and subjected to sham operation (group A), spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (group B), or ischemia-reperfusion injury with adenosine treatment. Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced by cross-clamping of the abdominal aorta inferior to the left renal artery. The spinal cord function was assessed using the Modified Tarlov Scale at 6, 12, and 24 h after reperfusion. At 24 h after reperfusion, histological analysis was carried out with HE staining; cell apoptosis and viability were determined with TUNEL staining, and the expressions of GRP-78 and caspase-12 proteins were determined with Western blotting. Results HE staining of the spinal cord showed extensive spinal cord injury such as cell edema in group B as compared with group C. Compared with group A, group B showed a significantly increased number of apoptotic cells;the number of apoptotic cells in group B was greater than that in group C. Compared with group B, group C showed significantly increased GRP-78 expression (P<0.01) and decreased caspase-12 expression (P<0.01). Conclusion Adenosine can up-regulate GRP-78 expression and down-regulate caspase-12 expression, and protects the spinal cord against ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting cell apoptosis.

Objective To study the effect of adenosine preconditioning on cell apoptosis and expressions of glucose-regulated protein (GRP-78) and cysteinylaspartate-specific protease 12 (caspase-12) in rats with spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Twenty-seven rats were randomized into 3 equal groups and subjected to sham operation (group A), spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (group B), or ischemia-reperfusion injury with adenosine treatment. Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced by cross-clamping of the abdominal aorta inferior to the left renal artery. The spinal cord function was assessed using the Modified Tarlov Scale at 6, 12, and 24 h after reperfusion. At 24 h after reperfusion, histological analysis was carried out with HE staining; cell apoptosis and viability were determined with TUNEL staining, and the expressions of GRP-78 and caspase-12 proteins were determined with Western blotting. Results HE staining of the spinal cord showed extensive spinal cord injury such as cell edema in group B as compared with group C. Compared with group A, group B showed a significantly increased number of apoptotic cells;the number of apoptotic cells in group B was greater than that in group C. Compared with group B, group C showed significantly increased GRP-78 expression (P<0.01) and decreased caspase-12 expression (P<0.01). Conclusion Adenosine can up-regulate GRP-78 expression and down-regulate caspase-12 expression, and protects the spinal cord against ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting cell apoptosis.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of adenosine preconditioning on cell apoptosis and expressions of glucose-regulated protein (GRP-78) and cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease 12 (caspase-12) in rats with spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.

METHODSTwenty-seven rats were randomized into 3 equal groups and subjected to sham operation (group A), spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (group B), or ischemia-reperfusion injury with adenosine treatment. Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced by cross-clamping of the abdominal aorta inferior to the left renal artery. The spinal cord function was assessed using the Modified Tarlov Scale at 6, 12, and 24 h after reperfusion. At 24 h after reperfusion, histological analysis was carried out with HE staining; cell apoptosis and viability were determined with TUNEL staining, and the expressions of GRP-78 and caspase-12 proteins were determined with Western blotting.

RESULTSHE staining of the spinal cord showed extensive spinal cord injury such as cell edema in group B as compared with group C. Compared with group A, group B showed a significantly increased number of apoptotic cells; the number of apoptotic cells in group B was greater than that in group C. Compared with group B, group C showed significantly increased GRP-78 expression (P<0.01) and decreased caspase-12 expression (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONAdenosine can up-regulate GRP-78 expression and down-regulate caspase-12 expression, and protects the spinal cord against ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting cell apoptosis.

Adenosine ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 12 ; metabolism ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; methods ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; Spinal Cord Ischemia ; metabolism

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in China from 2004 to 2013. Methods Data of mump cases occurring between 2004 and 2013 were gathered from the national notifiable disease reporting system in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan);only cases classified as“final card”, laboratory confirmed, or clinical diagnosis were included. Descriptive epidemiology techniques were used to analyze features of sex, age, trends over time, and geography. Results Average incidence of mumps between 2004 to 2013 was 24.20/100 000. Peaks were in 2011 and 2012, with incidence 33.9/100 000 (454 385/1.340 million) and 35.6/100 000 (479 518/1.347 million). Two seasonal peaks occurred regularly in years, one from April to July in the first year, and the other from November to January in the next year. During the study period, provinces with the highest incidence were Ningxia, Tibet, Xinjiang, and Guangxi; incidences were 72.1/100 000 (4 425/6.13 million), 48.5/100 000 (1 396/3 million), 51.7/100 000 (10 887/21.04 million), and 40.8/100 000 (19 179/46.99 million), respectively. Guangdong (28 078), Sichuan (21 924), Guangxi (21 616), and Zhejiang (20 000) provinces reported the highest number of mumps cases. Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai showed a consistently low incidence. Mumps cases occurred primarily among children aged 5-9 years, with incidence ranging from 118.2/100 000 to 281.4/100 000. In 2004-2008, the peak age was 6-8 years (174.1/100 000) and in 2009-2013, peak age was 5-7 years (234.5/100 000). Conclusion The highest incidences of mumps in China were reported in 2011 and 2012, with children of school age constituting the majority of cases.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in China from 2004 to 2013. Methods Data of mump cases occurring between 2004 and 2013 were gathered from the national notifiable disease reporting system in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan);only cases classified as“final card”, laboratory confirmed, or clinical diagnosis were included. Descriptive epidemiology techniques were used to analyze features of sex, age, trends over time, and geography. Results Average incidence of mumps between 2004 to 2013 was 24.20/100 000. Peaks were in 2011 and 2012, with incidence 33.9/100 000 (454 385/1.340 million) and 35.6/100 000 (479 518/1.347 million). Two seasonal peaks occurred regularly in years, one from April to July in the first year, and the other from November to January in the next year. During the study period, provinces with the highest incidence were Ningxia, Tibet, Xinjiang, and Guangxi; incidences were 72.1/100 000 (4 425/6.13 million), 48.5/100 000 (1 396/3 million), 51.7/100 000 (10 887/21.04 million), and 40.8/100 000 (19 179/46.99 million), respectively. Guangdong (28 078), Sichuan (21 924), Guangxi (21 616), and Zhejiang (20 000) provinces reported the highest number of mumps cases. Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai showed a consistently low incidence. Mumps cases occurred primarily among children aged 5-9 years, with incidence ranging from 118.2/100 000 to 281.4/100 000. In 2004-2008, the peak age was 6-8 years (174.1/100 000) and in 2009-2013, peak age was 5-7 years (234.5/100 000). Conclusion The highest incidences of mumps in China were reported in 2011 and 2012, with children of school age constituting the majority of cases.

Objective To investigate the effect of the endoscopic surveillance system in irrigating fluid absorption and bleeding during transurethral resection of the prostate.Methods In vitro trials,we simulated the fluid absorption and bleeding in the operation by using self-developed endoscopic surveillance system from January 2013 to June 2013.Continuous irrigation of 5 ％ mannitol solution,we extracted 5 times irrigating fluid (each time 100 ml and a total of 500 ml) in the process of irrigation and recorded absorption measurements of every time extraction rinses.At the same time,we dripped human whole blood 5 times(each time 5 ml and a total of 25 ml) in the process of irrigation and recorded the bleeding measurements.The above process was repeated three times to detect the accuracy and consistency of the endoscopic surveillance system.In clinical trials,50 cases of BPH were monitored in surgery and the biochemical index,hemodynamics,irrigating fluid absorption and bleeding were compared from October 2016 to April 2017.The included criteria contained as follow:the age of patients should be more than 50 years.The transabdominal ultrasound showed that the volume of prostate should be more than 60 ml.The maximal uroflowmetry should be less than 15ml/s.The IPSS scores should be more than 8.Based on the operative time,two groups (＜60 min and ≥ 60 min) were classified.Results We developed the endoscopic surveillance system which is original in the world.In vitro trials,the average irrigating fluid were (100.60 ± 2.07) ml,(201.00±3.39) ml,(302.00±4.67) ml,(403.60±4.39) ml and (502.40 ±7.57) ml;and the average bleeding were (5.06 ± 0.11) ml,(10.10 ± 0.16) ml,(15.04 ± 0.15) ml,(20.06 ± 0.11) ml and (25.10 ± 0.16) ml.No significant difference was observed in all groups (P ＞ 0.05).In clinical trials,we compared some preoperative and postoperative indexes.The average blood oxygen saturation were (94.46 ± 2.49) ％ and (92.39 ± 2.77) ％ (P ＜ 0.01),the average Serum sodium ion concentration were (141.05 ± 2.52) mmol/L and (138.06 ± 4.27) mmol/L(P ＜ 0.01),the average HGB were (143.50 ± 13.43) g/L and (137.04 ± 14.25) g/L(P ＜ 0.01).The average HCT were (42.05 ± 4.09) ％ and (137.04 ± 14.25) ％ (P ＜ 0.01).The average HR were (77.9 ± 7.6) beats per minute and (77.93 ± 6.93) beats per minute (P＞0.05).The MAP were (90.32 ± 9.75) mmHg and (91.07±8.96)mmHg(P＞0.05).The average serum potassium ion concentration were (4.13 ± 0.53) mmol/L and (4.09 ± 0.37) mmol/L (P ＞ 0.05).The average irrigating fluid absorption of the group less than 60 minutes and the group equal or more than 60 minutes were (401.83 ± 279.23) ml and (885.25 ± 367.68) ml (P ＜ 0.01).The average blood loss were (64.10 ±47.47) ml and (158.40 ± 65.22) ml(P ＜0.01).The preoperative and postoperative hemodynamic,blood biochemical and hematology showed difference in our trials.Irrigating fluid absorption and blood loss were positively associated with operation time.Conclusions The endoscopic surveillance system was safety and accuracy.It can offer real-time monitoring data and alarm mechanism for the surgeons that possibly improve operation safety.