Many studies have shown that diabetes mellitus is associated with vascular cognitive impairment (including vascular dementia),mild cognitive impairment,and Alzheimer's disease.Its pathophysiological mechanism is very complex,involving in vascular mechanisms and including non-vascular mechanisms of hyperglycemia,hypoglycemia,and insulin resistance.

The most important cause of late mortality after lung transplantation is obliterative bronchiolitis ( OB) . It is clear that a good animal model is indispensable to further unravel and clarify the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome ( BOS) .Many animal models have been developed to study BOS, however, so far, none of these models truly mimics the human condition.In recent years mouse models of orthotopic lung transplantation have been established, which provide potential possibilities for further studies of OB/BOS after lung transplantation.The aim of this article was to review the pros and cons of those animal models, and discuss the possible approaches to establish animal models of chronic rejec-tion after lung transplantation.

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether the genistein can increase the radiosensitizing effect on laryngeal squamous carcinoma Hep-2 cells.METHODS Hep-2 cells were treated with genistein, radiation, and genistein plus radiation respectively. DMSO was used as the control group. EdU assay was performed to assess the short-term effect of genistein and (or) radiation on the proliferation of Hep-2 cells. Clonegenic assay was used to detect the survival rate of Hep-2 cells after treatment with radiation doses of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 Gy and radiation combined with genistein. The data was fitted into the classic single-hit multi-target mathematical model to analyze the long-term effect on cell proliferation death of Hep-2 cells.RESULTSIt was observed that radiation combined with genistein could significantly inhibit the proliferation of Hep-2 cells. And the SER of 10μmol/L genistein was 1.412.CONCLUTIONGenistein can inhibit the proliferation of Hep-2 cells by DNA synthesis inhibition, and can be an adjunct agent of radiotherapy.

Objective To evaluate the clinical prevention and cure efficiency of panax notoginosides(PNS) in patients with chronic renal failure.Methods 60 patients with chronic renal failure were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group,with 30 cases in each group by random number table.The patients in the control group underwent regular maintenance hemodialysis(MHD),while the patients in the observa-tion group were given PNS glucose injection on the base of the control group for two months treatment.Comparison was made between the two groups in the aspect of liver filament four items,renal function,blood lipids and the levels of TGF-β1 ,TIMP-1 expression for renal fibrosis.Results After two months treatment,the liver filament four items (t=3.94-5.62,all P<0.05),renal function (t=4.15,4.29,all P<0.05),blood lipids (t=3.83 -5.47,all P<0.05)and the level of TGF-β1,TIMP-1 were all significantly decreased in the observation group,while HA, blood lipids and the level of TGF-β1(t=5.19,P<0.01),TIMP-1(t=4.16,P<0.05)were also decreased in the control group.All the indexes of the observation group were much significant than those of the control group.Total effective rate of the observation group was 83.33%,which was significantly higher than 66.67% of the control group (χ2 =5.16,P<0.05).There was no adverse reaction in the observation group.Conclusion PNS could improve renal fibrosis by lowering the level of TGF-β1 and TIMP-1 ,and could be used as conventional auxiliary drug for patients with chronic renal failure.

ObjectiveTo analyse the clinical characteristics of elderly patients with permanent cardiac pacemaker implanted. MethodsTo retrospectively analyze 41 elderly patients( ≥80 years) with permanent pacemakers implantation. Observing the clinical symptoms, bradyarrhythmia category, pacing mode, intraoperative pacing parameters,intraoperative and postoperative complications. ResultsAll patients were operated successfully. Pacing modes were,VVI 29 cases,VVIR 2 cases,DDD 9 cases and DDDR 1 case. Ventricular electrode located in right ventricular apical pacing. Atrial electrode located right heart ear. During the operateing, severe complications did not happen such as heart perforation, malignant arrhythmia. One case of postoperative dislocation electrode and one case of pocket hematocele were observed. After treatment, they were cured, no infection and pacemaker syndrome happened. 6 patients died during follow-up, postoperative from two months to 6 years. ConclusionPacing therapy in elderly patients is good. Surgical risk was not increased.

Objective To explore whether the 25 kD protein component was a specific decrease in skeletal muscles of the patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods The muscular proteins were extracted from 21 cases of normal objects,18 cases of patients with myasthenia gravis and 20 cases of patients with other neuro-muscular disorders with Guba-Straub solution. The components of protein were analysed by SDS-PAGE in double blind. Components of glycoprotein were detected by using the ConA/HRP.Results SDS-PAGE patterns showed that the concentration of protein bands with mass of about 25 kD in the MG muscles was much lower than that of muscles in both normal and other neuro-musclular disorders. The value of density for 25 kD protein bands was 1.6?0.7 in the MG muscles,but was 3.4?1.5 and 3.7?1.5 in the muscles of normal and other neuro-musclular disorders,respectively. In addition,25 kD protein was found as a glycoprotein,but it was different from AChR in the molecular weight.Conclusion (1) It was suggested that the pathogeny or developing of MG could be associated with 25 kD protein of the skeletal muscle because of its specific decrease. (2) 25 kD protein was a glycoprotein which was unassociated with the AChR molecule.

Objective To explore the risk factors and investigate the intracranial vascular characteristics in elderly patients with WSI. Methods According to imaging features of DWI,56 cases of WSI were divided into CWSI,IWSI and MWSI group. Distribution of intracranial vascular le?sions in different groups was compared. The degree of middle cerebral artery(MCA)and internal carotid artery(ICA)stenosis in different types of WSI was investigated. Results Among 56 cases,85.7%of them had a history of hypertension,53.6%had diabetes,62.5%had hyperlipoidemia, 51.8%had coronary heart disease(CHD),51.8%had smoking,and 73.2%of them had two or more risk factors. Totally 11 cases(19.6%)of them were cortical watershed infarction(CWSI),13(23.2%)of them were interior watershed infarction(IWSI),and 32(57.1%)of them were mixed cerebral watershed infarction(MWSI). Among all the patients,the incidence of MCA stenosis(37.5%)and ICA stenosis(53.6%)were signifi?cantly higher than the other intracranial vessels(χ2=37.188,P<0.001). The incidence of MCA stenosis in IWSI group was significant higher than CWSI and MWSI group(χ2=12.00,P<0.01). The incidence of ICA stenosis in MWSI group was significantly higher than CWSI group and IWSI group(χ2=11.10,P<0.01). Among all the patients,17 of them had severe stenosis or occlusion in MCA(30.4%),and 22 of them had severe ste?nosis or occlusion in ICA(39.3%). The incidence of severe stenosis or occlusion in MCA(58.8%)was significant higher in IWSI group(χ2=7.588,P<0.05)and those in ICA was significantly higher in MWSI group(χ2=7.091,P<0.05). Conclusion MWSI is more common in elderly patients with WSI. Most of the patients have more than one risk factors such as hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipoidemia,CHD and smoking. MCA and ICA lesions are more common than other intracranial vessels in elderly patients. IWSI is closely related with severe stenosis and occlusion of MCA,while MWSI is closely related with severe stenosis and occlusion of ICA.

Objective In this study ,we constructed a series of recombinant plasmids carriers expressing shRNA targeting hTERT and Bi‐1 gene .These recombinant plasmids carriers were transfected into CNE‐2Z cell lines using Lip and continuously in‐duced the expression of shRNAs .Furthermore ,the shRNAs caused the degradation of mRNAs homologous in sequence with the target genes ,which lead to a sequence‐specific gene silencing .Methods The CNE‐2Z cells was divided into untreated group ,pEG‐FP‐N1 group and pEGFP‐N1/Lip group .Flow cytometry(FCM ) was applied to determine the transfection efficiency .The changes of hTERT and Bi‐1 gene expression were detected by Real‐time RT‐PCR and Western blotting .Results The best transfection effi‐ciency between plasmid and Lip was 2 .5 μg plasmid and 6 .25μL Lip .Conclusion We constructed several shRNA recombinant eu‐karyotic expression plasmids successfully .The recombinant plasmid can inhibit the expression of hTERT and Bi‐1 gene specifically and effectively .

ObjectiveTo explore relationship between psychological resilience and life events of Tibetan nursing students receiving free vocational nursing education.Method The questionnaire of Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90)and ASLEC were used in the survey among 120 nursing students to investigate the psychological resilience and life events and SPSS 17.0 was used to look into the correlations between them.Results The scores on psychological resilience of Tibetan nursing students was higher than the norm (P<0.05).There were negative correlations between life events and psychological resilience(P<0.05).Their psychological resilience was positively related to personal relations and health conditions(P<0.05)but negatively to learning pressure,punishment and losses (P<0.05).Conclusion The school and hospital should make teaching measures to psychologically support them in daily life to strengthen the abilities to handle failure and adjust to the society.

Objective To detect Porphyromonas gingivalis and clinical index in subgingival specimens after removal of orthodontic appliances and to evaluate clinical index and P.gingivalis factors associated with orthodontic appliances during an episode of gingival inflammation and the impact of appliance removal on periodontal health.Methods Choose 20 patients prepare to removal of orthodontic appliances.Plaque index(PLI),sulcus bleeding index(SBI) and probing depth(PD) of observed teeth were examined and subgingival plaques were collected at prior to appliance removal(baseline) and 1,3 and 6 months after appliance removal.The numbers of P.gingivalis,total bacteria,the proportion of P.gingivalis and the prevalence of P.gingivalis in the samples were detected with the TaqMan real-time PCR.Results The prevalence of P.gingivalis decreased from baseline to the 6th month after fixed appliance removal in two groups,and significant change was found in 6th month(P ＜ 0.05); The numbers of P.gingivalis significantly reduced from baseline to the 6th month(P ＜ 0.05); The proportion of P.gingivalis in subgingival plaque decreased from baseline to the 6th month(P ＜0.05).PLI,SBI and PD significantly decreased from baseline to the 6th month after fixed appliance removal.Conclusion After fixed appliance removal,most of patients can recover periodontal tissue health in good oral hygiene.The percentage of P.gingivalis are closely associated with periodontal status.TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction has a high sensitivity and specificity.It was demonstrated the broad potential of application on detection of oral microbes.