To aim at the component elements in medical genetics teaching,a novel teach-ing method which introduced scientific thought was utilized.This method can promote students to assimilate the medical knowledge,know more about medical frontline information,help to raise the students’independent innovating capability,and elevate the integrative diathesis of students.

Objective To investigate drug metabolism distribution of flurbiprofen axetil(FA) in uterine fibroids and its effect on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).Methods A total of 86 patients with uterine fibroids from January 2014 to February 2016 in The NO.2 Hospital of Ningbo were randomly divided into control group of 44 cases and observation group of 42 cases.The control group and the observation group were given 0.9% sodium chloride solution and 1 mg/kg FA at 15 min before operation,detection of the active metabolite of FA flurbiprofen (FP),and the concentration of PGE2 in tissue homogenate was detected by ELISA.Results The observation group FP concentration of normal and tumor tissue were (0.70 ±0.13)μg/mL and (1.72 ± 0.13)μg/mL,significantly higher than the control group(0.00 ±0.00)μg/mL and (0.00 ±0.00)μg/mL, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05), the FP concentration of tumor tissue in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the normal group, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05), the normal tissue and tumor tissue PGE2 concentration in the observation group were (189.29 ±26.38) pg/mL and (260.01 ±46.63) pg/mL,which were significantly lower than those in the control group(210.03 ±35.22)pg/mLand(390.20 ±92.10)pg/mL, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05), the observation group plasma FP was (5.50 ±0.72)μg/mL,significantly higher than the control group (0.00 ±0.00)μg/mL, the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05),and PGE2 was (602.38 ±84.09) pg/mL,significantly lower than the control group(920.13 ±89.05)pg/mL, the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05).Conclusion FA in the uterine fibroids have a certain distribution of targeted,can reduce the concentration of PGE2 ,so as to alleviate the pain of patients.

Objective To explore the clinical and molecular biological characteristics of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3(SCA3).Methods Clinical manifestation and brain MRI data of 12 patients with SCA in two families were analyged.The polymorphic CAG repeated time in the encode region of SCA3,SCA1 and SCA7 genes were compared in 15 family numbers without abnormal presentations,and 12 healthy persons of controls.Results Among 27 numbers of 4 generations in the two families had 12 patients,male and female were affected,average onset was 32 years old.The main clinic features included gait ataxia,ambiguity in speech and action clumsiness.Brain MRI showed remarkable atrophy on cerebellum and brain stem.In the two families,the CAG lengths of SCA1 and SCA7 were normal in all numbers.The repeated times of CAG of SCA3 were 11~39 in two control groups,65 ~87 in 10 cases,diagnosed as SCA3 patients.The child Ⅳ2 of family 1 was 8 years old,the repeated times of CAG of SCA3 were repeats 21 and 64 times,repectively.He might be a asymptomatic patient,because he was too young to onset the disease.Conclusions SCA3 is an autosomal dominant genetic disease.The clinical manifestations are ataxia and dysarthria.The detection of repeated times CAG can provide an effective way for the genetic and asymptomatic diagnosis.

Objective: To investigate the clinical and pathological features of patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) related cerebral hemorrhage (C A AH). Methods : The clinical data of 5 patients with C A AH, including clinical manifestations, neuroimaging and topographical anatomy features were studied. Results: It was found that the onset and clinical manifestations of CAAH resembled hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. CAAH could coexist with hypertension and hypertension might aggravate the pathological changes of CAA. Typical CAAH located in cortical and subcortical areas, but cerebral hemorrhage located in the basal ganglia and thalamus could not ruled out CAAH without the pathological confirmation of CAA. The neuroimages of some specific types of cerebral hemorrhage, such as insular cistern hematoma and subarachnoid hemorrhage, could manifest as hypertonial putaminal hemorrhage, but their outcomes were distinctly different. Conclusion: The causes of cerebral hemorrhage include hypertension and cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and CAA may have an important clinical value.

Objective To simply the method of how to obtain cultures rich in astrocytes from SD rat cerebral cortex which could be utilized in vitro experiments.Methods The neonatal rat cerebral cortex was made into suspension by mechanical dissociation,and then reduced other cells by differential velocity adherent technique,shaking in orbital shaker and passage of cultured cells.After purification,the cultured cells were identified by double immunofluorescence staining and SABC.Results We successfully obtain cultures rich in astrocytes and the proportion of astrocytes were more than 95%.Conclusion The method described above was reliable in obtaining the high purity astrocytes from neonatal rat cerebral cortex and double immunofluorescence staining was more vivid and direct.

Objective:To study the effect of Mg 2+ on glutamate and energy metabolites during focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rats. Methods: Twelve male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups(n=6):magnesium sulfate(100 mg/kg, i.p.) group and saline group.Cerebral ischemia was produced by occlusion of middle cerebral artery with a nylon thread for 60 min and followed by 60 min reperfusion.Microdialysis probes were stereotaxically implanted into the cortex; dialysates were collected every 15 min to determine the concentrations of glucose, lactic acid and glutamate. Results: There was a dynamic decrease of glucose and an increase of lactic acid and glutamate during ischemia and reperfusion in saline group.Glucose decreased slightly in magnesium sulfate group during ischemia and recovered to normal rapidly during reperfusion. The lactic acid levels in magnesium sulfate group were lower than that in saline group during early stage of ischemia(0-15 min) and reperfusion.There were significant attenuation in the elevation of glutamate during ischemia and reperfusion when magnesium sulfate was administered and recovered to normal after 30 min of reperfusion. Conclusion: The preservation of cellular energy metabolism,the decrease of lactacidosis and attenuation of glutamate level during ischemia and reperfusion may contribute to the neuroprotective effects of Mg 2+ .

Objective To analyse the mutation of pathogenic gene TSC2 in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Methods Using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism(PCR-SSCP), all the 41 exons of TSC2 gene were analyzed in 4 TSC cases(include 1 suspect case) from one family and 1 sporadic TSC case ,and compared with the kin familial controls and kinless normal controls. Results Missense mutation on exon33 1346S→P (4037T→C) of TSC2 was found in 4 familial cases, and no mutation of TSC2 gene was found in the sporadic case and all the health controls. Conclusion Missense mutation on exon33 (1346S→P,4037T→C)is a new discovery in TSC2 gene of patients with TSC.

Objective:To screen for peptides that specifically bind to PreS1 antigen from a phage-displayed peptide library.Methods: The PreS1 antigen was used as the target molecule to screen the binding peptide from the Ph.D.-7 peptide library with phage display technique,and the positive clones were identified by ELISA.Results: After three rounds of biopanning,the binding peptides were screened from the peptide library by ELISA and competitive inhibiting ELISA.Sequencing result showed that the binding peptides had high affinity and specificity.Conclusion: A peptide binding PreS1 antigen has been successfully obtained by screening the phage display library,which paves a way for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B infection.

AIM: To study the difference in glucose and lactate levels between brain extracellular fluid (ECF) and plasma in rabbits in the different blood glucose levels. METHODS: Using intracerebral microdialysis technology, brain ECF levels of glucose and lactate were measured in every 10 min under basal conditions and during a hyperglycemia-hypoglycemia clamp study. RESULTS: Under basal condition, brain ECF glucose levels were markedly lower than ambient plasma levels (30% of plasma), whereas ECF lactate levels were substantially higher (165% of plasma). During the hyperglycemia-hypoglycemia clamps, the relationship between plasma and ECF levels of glucose remained similar, but changes in ECF glucose lagged about 30 min. There were no substantially changes in ECF levels of lactate during dynamical study. CONCLUSION: There are striking differences in glucose and lactate levels between brain ECF and plasma. Lactate may involve in the metabolic process of central nervous system.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard for Compound huaihua granules.METHODS:Sophora japonica,salvia miltiorrhiza,and Lonicera joponica in the formulation were identified qualitatively by TLC,and the content of rutin in Sophora japonica was determined by UV spectrophotometry.RESULTS: The TLC spots were clear and well-separated.The linear range of rutin was 2.904～14.52 ?g?mL-1(r=0.997 7) and its average recovery was 98.43%(RSD=0.55%,n=6).CONCLUSION: The established standard is suitable for the quality control of Compound huaihua granules.