Objective To study on the changes of the DNT cells and T lymphocyte subtype in children with infectious mononucleosis (IM) and its clinical significance.Methods The flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detected the DNT cells and other T lymphocyte subtype in 48 cases of IM.Results The study showed that DNT cells( 9.39 ± 4.89 )% were greatly increased in comparison with normal controls (NC) (4.26 ± 1.68)% ( P ＜0.01 ).CD4 cells(21.45 ±9.87)% were decreased ( P ＜0.01 ) and CD8 cells increased in comparison with NC (32.43 ± 5.07) % ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion DNT cells and T lymphocyte subtype can be used to evaluate the immune function of children with infectious mononucleosis (IM) and provide guidance for adoptive immunotherapy.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease,with both the innate and adaptive immune systems responding to many endogenous and exogenous antigens.Subsequent investigations have revealed that an immunomodulatory strategy via active immunization against atherosclerotic plaque antigen(s) could potentially alleviate atherosclerosis.Substantial data from clinical investigations support the key role of immune system in atherosclerosis.So,it may be promising to develop immunotherapy against atherosclerosis.The paper reviews current status of immunization studies and possible associated immunemediated inflammatory mechanisms in atherosclerosis.

Biosurfactants (BSs) are highlighted owing to their multiple advantages in diverse applications. To screen a superior strain that producing a blend-biosurfactant of lipopeptide and glycolipid, the hemolytic activity assay on blood agar plates, the modified oil-red spreading test and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry identification of the purified products was carried out. Bacillus subtilis THY-7 was selected and its principal products were surfactin and dirhamnolipid. The medium component and culture conditions of THY-7 were optimized by both single factor and orthogonal experiments. After 48 h optimal batch culture in flask, the cell density (OD600) was 37.0 and the product titer was 2.4 g/L, which was 3.4 folds and 3.1 folds of that under original condition, respectively. A fed-batch culture in a 5 L fermentor was further performed coupling with in situ recovery of foam, in which the titer of blend-BS increased to 4.5 g/L at 25 h. Quantification by HPLC and anthrone colorimetry revealed that surfactin and dirhamnolipid accounted for 74% and 22% of the blend-BS, respectively.
Bacillus subtilis ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Culture Media ; Glycolipids ; biosynthesis ; Industrial Microbiology ; Lipopeptides ; biosynthesis ; Surface-Active Agents ; metabolism

Objective To explore if the occupational exposure to low dose thorium could induce adaptive response in peripheral lymphocytes.Methods 40 individuals.who exposed to thorium and rare earth mixed dust(exposure group) or control in Baotou Steel Plant, were selected, and chromosome aberrations were analyzed.Then the peripheral blood samples were irradiated in vitro with 2 Gy60Co γ-rays,and unstable chromosome aberration or DNA stand breakage analysis using single cell gel electrophoresis was performed. Results The dicentrics before 2 Gy exposure in exposure group was higher than that in control(P>0.05). But the dicentries after 2 Gy exposure in exposure group was lower than that in control,but not significantly (P>0.05).The tricentrics in exposure group was significantly lower than that in control(U=3.1622, 0.0ol

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) assisted with magnifying chromoendoscopy in treatment of colorectal neoplasms. Methods Patients who met criteria for EMR including appropriate flat or depressed type and sessile lesions were enrolled. The association of morphology of colorectal lesions with histopathology was observed and the accuracy of estimation of invasive depth by magnifying chromoendoscopy was evaluated. Results Ninety lesions of 81 patients were reseeted by EMR (25 being sessile and 65 being flat or depressed). The histological results revealed low-grade dysplasia (LGD) in 58 lesions, high-grade dysplasia (HGD) in 20 lesions, and adenocarcinoma in 12 lesions. The average size of lesions was (1.4±0.5) cm in HGD, (1.6±0.5) cm in cancer and (1.0±0.4) cm in LGD with no significant difference (P> 0.05). It was shown that the flat and depressed lesions were more likely to be HGD or cancer as compared to sessile lesions, but with no statistical difference [41.5 % (27/65)vs. 20.0% (5/25), P= 0.084]. Moreover, the lesion with central depression was more likely to be HGD or cancer as compared to those without depressed surface [51.0% (25/49) vs. 17.1 % (7/41), P<0.01)]. The accuracy of estimating invasive depth by magnifying chromoendoscopy was 97.8% (86/90). Complete resection was confirmed histologically in 95.8% (88/90) of all lesions. Conclusions Colorectal lesions of depressed and flat types with central depression are more likely to be malignant. Estimation of invasive depth of colorectal neoplasia by magnifying chromoendoscopy in EMR treatment makes it more effective and safer.

Objective To compare the thin-section CT findings of pulmonary candidiasis,aspergillosis and eryptococcosis wim histopathology in immunoeomprimised rabbits and impmve the diagnostic accuracy of fungus infection. Methods Heathy New Zealand white rabbits were used for immunoeompromised animal models.Thin-section CT scan was performed before and 2,4,6,8,10,12,14 d after inoculation.The pattern and distribution of the pulmonary abnormalities were retrospectively assessed by two thomeic radiologists and compared with histopathology.The granulocyte count was compared before and after administration of immunosuppressive agents.The pmred t test,chi square test and the Fisher's exact test were used for the statistics.Results Fourteen rabbits had candidiasis.16 rabbits had cryptocoecosis,15 rabbits had aspergillosis.The granulocyte counts before and after administration of immunosuppressive agents were(2.91±0.92)and(0.35±0.19)×109/L respectively in eandidiasis group,there was a significant difference(t=12.484,P＜0.05);(2.51±0.82)and(0.76±0.71)×109/L in aspergillosis group,there was a significant difference(t=5.792,P＜0.05);(2.10±0.65)and (0.48±0.22)×109/L in cryptococcosis group,there was a significant difference(t=8.199,P＜0.05).The onaet time of infections on CT were not significantly different in three groups (P＞0.05).Ground glass opacity (GGO) and consolidation were the two most colnlnon findings in immunocompromised rabbits with three fungus infections,areas of GGO was correlated with the congestion,hemorrhage,inflammatory cell infiltration and interstitial hyperplasia in pathology. Consolidation was correlated with the severe congestion,hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration, interstitial hyperplasia, necrosis and vascular embolism in pathology. Conclusion GGO and consolidation are the two most common findings of fungus infections in immunocompromised animal models and thin-section CT findings can reflect the pathological changes.

Objective To review the CT findings in patients with pulmonary infection after kidney transplantation and to determine the characteristic features in different infections.Methods The medical records were reviewed in 446 patients with pulmonary infection after kidney transplantation and 121 patients who had pulmonary thin-section CT were included in this study.The pattern and distribution of the pulmonary abnormalities were interpreted independently by two thoracic radiologists.Statistical analysis was performed using the X2 test and the Fisher's exact teat.Results (1)Time course:65(14.6/) patients initially had pulmonary infection in the first 30 days,147(32.9/)between 1 and 3 months,91(20.4/)between 3 and 6 months,23(5.2/)between 6 and 12 months,120(26.9/)afler 12 months of transplantation.In the first month after procedure,bacterial infection(4/5,80.0/)was the most common infection,bacterial(34/41,82.9/)、mixed(19/41,46.3/)and virus infections(11/41.26.8/)were seen commonly 1 to 6 months following transplant,the incidence of fungal(14/38,36.8/)and myeobaeterial(5/38,1 3.2/)infections was increased after 1 2 months of transplantation.(2)Pathogens:Baeterial(34,28/)and mixed infections(34,28/)were the most common,followed by fungus infeetion(9.7/),TB(7,6/)and eytomegalovirus(5,4/).(3)CT findings:Ground-galss attenuations(69,57.0/)was the most common findings of pneumonia,followed by reticular or linear opacities(68,56.2/),nodules (66,54.5/),pleural thickening(41,33.9/),consolidations(31,25.6/),tree-in-bud patterns(24,19.8/),pleural effusion(22,18.2/),and bronchovascular bundle thickening(16,13.2/).Ground-glass attenuation was commonly seen in cytomegalovirus pneumonia (4,80.0/),and nodule was commonly observed in bacterial infection(23.67.6/),tree-in-bud pattern was the most common finding in pulmonary tuberculosis (4.P=0.049).There were no statistically significant difierences in the prevalence of other CT paRerns (P＞0.05).Conclusions The peak incidence of pulmonary infection is in the 3 month after renal transplantation and bacterial infection is the most common.The CT diagnosis of infeetion can be made by combining the time course of infection,clinical laboratory data and lesion distribution.

Objective To investigate the alterations of Treg cells , Th17 cells and related cyto-kines in peripheral blood of patients during the early stage of hand-foot-mouth disease ( HFMD) .Methods Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the percentages of Treg cells ( CD4+CD25+Foxp3 T cells) and Th17 cells ( CD3+CD8-IL-17+T cells) in peripheral blood samples collected from 49 patients with severe HFMD , 26 patients with common HFMD and 30 healthy children.The levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-23 and TGF-β1 in serum samples were measured by ELISA .Results The percentages of Treg cells , ratios of Treg/Th17 cells, serum levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10 in patients with HFMD were significantly decreased as compared with those of control group (F=5.580, 6.205, 0.000, 0.014, respectively, P<0.05).Patients with se-vere HFMD showed a significantly increased Th17 cells (F=3.189 P<0.05) and a tendency of enhanced IL-17 expression , but no significant differences with the levels of IL-17 were observed .No significant differ-ences with the expression of IL-23 in the patients among each group were detected (P>0.05).The levels of IL-6 in serum samples from severe disease group were obviously increased as compared with those of common HFMD group and control group (F=7.318, P<0.05).Conclusion The results of this study demonstrated that the levels of Treg , Th17 cells and some related cytokines were varied in peripheral blood of patients dur-ing the early stage of HFMD .Inflammatory responses were enhanced to promote anti-virus activities by sup-pressing Treg cells and stimulating Th17 cells.

Objective To verify the clinical applicability of the published standard intervals (WS/T402-2012) for WBC , RBC ,PLT and Hb based on the health examination results of Han and Uygur populations in Urumqi .Methods This was a retro-spective study .The results of WBC ,RBC ,PLT and Hb from health examination individuals of Han and Uygur populations from August 2013 to January 2015 were collected ,9 307 health subjects age range from 20 to 79 years of the two nationalities were cho-sen using health examination information system .The percents of health subjects failed falling in the published standard interval were calculated to verify the judgment criterion ,fail falling rate < 10 .00% was regard as qualified .Results The test of normality revealed that the Han and Uygur′s results of all verified items were skewed distributions .The 2 .5% and 97 .5% percentiles of the results of two nationalities :WBC Han(3 .6 ~ 9 .6) × 109 /L ,Uygur(3 .8 ~ 9 .9) × 109 /L ;RBC Han Male (4 .3 ~ 5 .9) × 1012 /L and Female (3 .9 ~ 5 .2) × 1012 /L ,Uygur Male (4 .4 ~ 5 .8) × 1012 /L and Female (3 .9 ~ 5 .2) × 1012 /L ;PLT Han(130 ~ 351) × 109 /L , Uygur(145 ~ 370) × 109 /L) ,and Hb Han :Male (133 ~ 178)g/L and Female (111 ~ 153)g/L ,Uygur :Male (133 ~ 174) g/L and Fe-male (110 ~ 152)g/L .The significant differences of each testing item were found in the different sex from the same nationality(P<0 .01) .The percents of health subjects failed falling in the published standard interval were < 10 .00% in both Han and Uygur na-tionality .Conclusion The published standard reference intervals for WBC ,RBC ,PLT and Hb are applicable to our laboratory for the detection of Han and Uygur populations .

Objective To study the distribution status and clinical significance of human papillomavirus(HPV) infection geno‐types in condyloma acuminate(CA) tissues of vulva ,vagina and cervix .Methods The gene‐chips combined with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology were utilized for detecting 23 kinds of HPV genotypes in tissue specimens from 63 cases of vulval CA , 61 cases of vaginal CA and 65 cases of cervical CA .Their clinical pathological data were analyzed .Results In 63 cases of vulval CA ,56 cases were HPV positive with the HPV infection rate of 88 .89% (56/63) ,in 61 cases of vaginal CA ,55 cases were HPV positive with the HPV infection rate of 90 .16% (55/61) ,and in 65 cases of cervical CA ,62 cases were HPV positive with the HPV infection rate of 95 .39% (62/65) .Conclusion HPV infection is closely related to the CA pathgenesis in vulva ,vagina and cervix . HPV6 and HPV 11 are main stream genotypes ,in which vulval CA is most common .The gene‐chips combined with PCR technology is a method suitable for HPV typing diagnosis ,and has the characteristics of good sensitivity and high specificity ,which has an im‐portant significance for clinical diagnosis ,treatment and vaccine study of CA in femal vulva ,vagina and cervix .