Objective To investigate the risk factors of pneumonia associated to elderly patients with cerebral stroke.Methods Totally 248 elderly patients with stroke were retrospectively analyzed on medical history,treatment and prognosis.Results In 248 cases of senile stroke patients,78 cases had an associated pneumonia,accounting for 31.5％.The onset with admission period ≥48 h was in majority (48 cases),less than 48 h in 30 cases (38.5％).12 patients (15.4％)were involved blood culture,38 cases sputum culture,accounting for 48.7％.In the univariate correlation analysis,older age,consciousness,basic diseases,stroke location,NIHSS score of nasal feeding therapy were associated with associated pneumonia (all P＜0.05).As compared to patients without no associated pneumonia,the patients with associated pneumonia had more aged and higher proportions of bulbar paralysis and impaired consciousness,more underlying diseases.At the time of admission,increased occurrences of National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score,brainstem stroke and multiple feeding treatment appeared in most of patients.Multivariate Logtistic regression analysis showed that age≥ 65 years,history of pulmonary disease,bulbar paralysis,disturbance of consciousness,nasal treatment among older stroke were the associated pneumonia risk factors.The hospitalized time was prolonged [(31.3±20.4)d and(17.6±8.1)d,t＝7.57,P＝0.001] and fatality rate increased (41.0％ vs.4.1％) in patients with pneumonia than without pneumonia(x2＝ 54.96,P＝ 0.000).The independent factors of death were aged ≥ 75 years(OR＝1.6,95％CI:1.0-2.6),NIHSS＞13 (OR＝5.0,95％CI:1.7-24.6) and pulmonary infection(OR＝5.2,95％ CI:1.8-17.3).Conclusions The occurrence of associated pneumonia in elderly patients with cerebral stroke is related with age,underlying disease,state of consciousness and NIHSS scores.The prevention and treatment of relevant factors can improve prognosis.

BACKGROUND:Articular capsule ligaments can lead articular surface to move normally and limit the excessive movement, especially to prevent any non-physiological movement. They are the important structures for stabilizing hip joints. It was previously thought that articular capsule should be routinely resected in the total hip arthroplasty (THA). OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the effect of retaining articular capsule in THA through posterior approach on maintaining hip stability. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: This study, a retrospective case analysis, was performed on 61 patients with femoral neck fracture, who received treatment in the Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South between January 2005 and December 2006. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-nine patients who underwent THA with retaining articular capsule from January to December 2006 were included as retaining group, and thirty-two patients who underwent THA with routine resection of partial articular capsule were included as routine group. The two groups were kept identical in case selection, prosthesis selection, post-surgery processing and operators. METHODS: Four holes were drilled on greater trochanter on the proximal femoral bone. The superior part of articular capsule valve was sutured to the superior part of original articular capsule using No.1-0 absorbing thread, then sutured to base of femoral neck in mattress manner, and the suture was not ligated. The inferior part of articular capsule valve was sutured to the inferior part of original articular capsule using another suture. And the suture passed through two bone holes on base of femoral neck. The lower limbs were externally rotated and the suture was ligated. Subsequently, the excised extortor was repaired. Prior to and subsequent to suture, hip was slowly bent for 90° and femur was internally rotated for45°to investigate the suture of articular capsule on strengthening articular stability. MAI OUTCOME MEASURES: Operation time, bleeding volume and hip dislocation after THA. RESULTS: The operation time and bleeding volume were lower in the retaining group than in the routine group (P < 0.05). After THA, hip dislocation did not occur in any patients in the retaining group but occur in 2 patients (6.2%) in the routine group. Statistical tests could not be performed due to less data, resulting in no statistical significance.CONCLUSION: There has been no precise conclusion about the effects of retaining articular capsule or not on hip stability.But retaining articular capsule shortens operation time, reduces intrao-perative bleeding, unable raise operation risk, and re-establishes hip soft tissue balance.

Objective:To compare amony ceftriazone, penicillin, and ciprofluxacin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection. 　Methods:Cost-effectiveness was comparitively analysed by using the principle of pharmacoeconomics with ceftriazone, penicillin, and ciprofluxacin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection. 　Results:Three drugs in the treatment of lower respiratory trace infection, while cost of penicillin was the lowest.　Conclusion:Penicillin is a first selective drugs for lower respiratory tract infection.

The right chest electric admittance plethsmography (RCEAP) is a simple no invasive and reliable method in detecting the blood flow volume in the pulmomary artery and vein, an indirection of the left heart function. In this clinical study, the RCEAP, left heart catheterization for measurement of LVEDP and coronary angiogram and echocardiography for investigating the LVEF were performed on 34 patients with coronary heart disease. Of these 34 patients,24 had single or no left vessel lesion (Group A), 10 had left main coronary artery or its double branches lesions (Group B) ;8 underwent percutaneous trans-lumin coronary angioplasty (PTCA)and 10 had coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).The data obtained were analysed and compared to evaluate their respective diagnostic values. Correlation analysis demonstrated the values of hc/hz ratio, ha/hz ratio were moderated with LVEDP(r = 0. 68 or 0. 73,P

Objective To study the influencing factors on the time of acute cerebral apoplexy patients visiting the hospital.Methods 64 patients with acute ischemic stroke were researched.The clinical data of all patients were collected.The influencing factors on treatment time were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results In the 64 patients, 26 cases of the visiting time≤6 h(40.63%), 38 cases of visiting time>6 h(59.37%).The results of single factor analysis showed that the relationship between the time of treatment,pre-hospital transfer mode (x2=6.650,5.081,all P<0.05),educational level,living location,MRS score,whether or not know the stroke(x2=4.561,6.557,8.788,4.146,all P<0.05);the disturbance of consciousness and symptoms ≥3 symptoms compared with the visiting time had significant difference(x2=5.133,5.926,all P<0.05);in the multiple factors Logitic regression analysis,the degree of education(OR=2.332,95%CI:1.402~3.904),severity of illness(OR=3.956,95%CI:1.934~7.446),understanding of stroke(OR=3.621,95%CI:1.563~8.125),disturbance of consciousness(OR=4.336,95%CI:2.394~11.374),pre-hospital transport mode(OR=5.658,95%CI:2.546~12.554) were the risk factors of treatment time.Conclusion There is a close relationship with extension and various factors of acute ischemic stroke patients,in the future,not only need to improve the pre-hospital emergency care system,but also need to strengthen the public understanding of the disease.

Objective To investigate and analyze the usage of expensive outpatient prescriptions in different hospitals in Longgang area,Shenzhen,and to discuss and provide reference for the rational usage of expensive pre-scriptions.Methods Two primary hospitals,two secondary hospitals and one tertiary hospital in the Longgang area, Shenzhen,were chosen as the research targets.The expensive outpatient prescriptions,defined as the amount of pre-scription was over 150,200 and 300 yuan for primary,secondary and tertiary hospital respectively,were randomly selected and evaluated using international standards for the rational use of drugs.Results The average prescription items for primary,secondary and tertiary hospitals were 2.96,2.61 and 2.61.The largest proportions of prescription costs were 150 to 200 yuan,200 to 250 yuan and 300 to 350 yuan,which were respectively accounted for 49.6%, 56.6% and 37.7%.The frequency of using proprietary Chinese medicine,was 60.08%,68.18% and 41.62%respectively,which was not reasonable.The clinical diagnosis for the prescriptions of primary and secondary hospitals was mainly composed of trauma,bronchitis and vaginitis.The usage of drugs was not reasonable about the use of anti-biotics and infusion.In addition,the clinical diagnosis for the prescription of tertiary hospital was mainly diabetes, hypertension and cerebral infarction,where the abuse of using large dose of adjuvant drug was observed.Conclusion The frequency of using proprietary Chinese medicine is higher at all levels of hospital.In order to reduce the propor-tion of expensive prescription,the medicine institution should establish a sound system for drug use management and strengthen supervision and verification for western medicine physicians using proprietary Chinese medicine in their prescription.Furthermore,we should intervene and restrict the abuse usage of the adjuvant medicine.

Objective To investigate the MRI features of pilomyxoid astrocytoma ( PMA ) in children.Methods MRI features of seven children with pathologically proven PMA in 2011-2013 were retrospectively analyzed.The ages of the patients ranged from 10 months to 32 months at initial diagnosis.Results All tumors were well-circumscribed masses.Six tumors were located in the hypothalamic-chiasmatic-third ventricular region , two tumor involved the bilateral temporal lobe , and one tumor was associated with NF-I.One occurred in the basal ganglia region.Four tumors were solid masses , whereas the other three showed cystic components.Six tumors were hypointense and one was isointense on T 1-weighted image.Five tumors were hyperintense and three were isointense on T 2-weighted image.Four tumors were hypointense , one was iso-hypointense and one was isointense on DWI.After contrast administration , four tumors enhanced homogenously and three tumors enhanced heterogeneously , with intratumoral irregular hypointense region in two tumors and rim enhancement in one tumor.Cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) dissemination, hydrocephalus and peritumor edema were observed in 2, 4 and 1 of cases, respectively.Proton magnetic resonance spectrum of two PMA showed elevated Cho /Cr ratios and decreased NAA/Cr ratios.Conclusions The imaging features of pilomyxoid astrocytoma include common origination from the midline of the neuroaxis in younger children about 2-3 years old.The CSF dissemination is common.The presence of hemorrhage and peritumor edema is not common.

Objective To evaluate the clinical and pathological characteristics and risk factors of the prognosis of Cardia cancer.Methods Clinical data of 52 cases of cardiac cancer patients who were treated by surgery and follow-up data were collected from June 2009 to August 2011.Factors influencing the prognosis of the patients were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results The survival rates in 1,2,3years were 73％,54％,46％.Single factor analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between T stage,N stage,TNM stage,classification Siewert,MSLN and venous invasion.Stepwise Cox proportional hazard model showed that T stage,N stage and MSLN were independent risk factors.Peritoneal and liver were the main way of recurrence and metastasis.Peritoneal metastasis was related to T stage and lymph node invasion,while the liver metastasis was related to MSLN.The survival curves of patients with Kaplan-Meier showed that the survival period of patients with liver metastasis and peritoneal metastasis was significantly shortened.Conclusion Standardization of lymph node cleaning is a key factor affecting prognosis,D2 surgery should be an operation standard in cardia cancer.

Objective To explore the application value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18 F-FDG PET/CT) and 99Tcm-methylene diphosphonate (99 Tcm-MDP) bone scintigraphy for detecting bone destruction in multiple myeloma (MM).Methods 18 F-FDG PET/CT and 99Tcm-MDP bone scintigraphy results of 27 MM patients were analyzed retrospectively.Inspection areas checked by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-ray were the limited scopes.The location and number of bone destruction were recorded,and the maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was measured simultaneously.The results were comparatively analyzed.Diagnostic certainty regarding the presence or absence of bone destruction was evaluated according to the reference standard consisting of MRI and X-ray.Results A total of 235 lesions were found according to the reference standard.Of these,227 lesions (97％) were identified by 18F-FDG PET/CT,whereas 187 lesions (80％) were identified by bone scintigraphy,with a significant statistical difference (x2 =32.43,P ＜ 0.05).SUVmax was 8.3 ± 1.7 (4.3 to 18.9).The discovery rates of bone fracture of 18F-FDG PET/CT and bone scintigraphy were 100％ (97/97) and 90％ (87/97),and there was a significant statistical difference between them (x2 =78.09,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion 18 F-FDG PET/CT is a possible method to detect bone lesions in patients with MM,and is better than 99Tcm-MDP bone scintigraphy.

Objective To investigate the recombinant human fibronectin (RetroNectin,RN)on prolifera-tion,immunological characteristics and cytotoxicity of cytokine -induced killer cells ( CIK) .Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)were cultured in vitro by precoating with RetroNectin (R-CIK group),CD3Ab (C-CIK group),RetroNectin combined with CD3Ab(R+C-CIK group)and traditional method(CIK group) were to generate CIK.The changes of growth rate,characterization,cytotoxicity and apoptosis of CIK were deter-mined by cell counting ,LDH assay and flow cytometry respectively .Results R+C-CIK cell showed a higher proliferation rate than other three groups .The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);The percentage of CD3/CD56 double positive cells in R +C-CIK and R-CIK group had a higher proportion than those in C -CIK and CIK group at day12 and day15(P<0.05);Cytotoxicity of CIK towards K562 cells in R+C-CIK group and R-CIK group were significantly higher than that in C -CIK and CIK group ,when effector-to-target ratio was 20∶1 and 40∶1(P<0.05).We also found that the cytotoxicity of CIK towards LOVO cells in R +C-CIK group and R-CIK group were higher than that in C -CIK group and CIK group(P<0.05).Conclusion RetroNectin and Anti-CD3-MAb synergistically promote antitumor efficiency of CIKs by increasing proliferation and cyto-toxicity.