The thermooxidative degradtion of ethylene oxide and tetra-hydrofuran (EO-THF) co-polyether has been studied by electron spin resonance(ESR),Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The initial degradation site was found to be at the α-carbon of the ether bond. Two free radicals which derived from dehydrogenation and oxygen addition were successfully detected by spin-trapping technique which used α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) as spin trap. Both FT-IR and NMR have been used tofollow structural changes of the copolyether during degradation. Nearly 20 product frngnents including formate,carbonate,methyl,alcohol,methylene-dioxy,hydroperoxide and semiformal have been characterized by 1 D and 2 D NMR.The thermooxidtion of co-polyether preferred to occur on the THF units especially at the alternating linkage of EO and THF.Antioxidant (BHT) not only retarded the thermooxidation but also modified the degradation products with less ester and methylene-dioxy groups but more hydroxyl and methyl groups.

Objective:To explore the effect elements of teaching quality in a constitution,to learn the attitudes from different level of people towards effect elements of teaching quality and to examine the ways to guarantee the improvement of teaching quality and the complement of cultivating talents.Methods:The index of appraisal system of teaching quality originates from the transformation achievements of the study in our school "To apply the ISO9000 standard to construction assurance system of medical education quality".The investigation subjects are all the teaching and administration staff and students of the school.The investigation involves index of 4 levels,6 aspects and 84 observation points.The statistical analysis is carried on in 3 levels:the entire school,the teachers and the students.Results:The sequence of the index of 4 levels of influencing teaching quality is made clear and analyzed,and the improvement proposals are also given.

Objective To explore the positive distribution characteristics and analyse the correlation of common food allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) with suspected food allergy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University.Methods Using fluorescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect the serum sIgE antibody of 854 patients,including 7 kinds of food allergens (milk,egg white,egg yolk,shrimp,crab,peanut and soybean) from July 2006 to January 2013.Data were processed by statistical software SPSS19.0.Results The positive rates of the 7 kinds of food allergen were 39.3％ (283/720),36.3％ (216/595),9.8％ (28/285),21.2％ (36/170),24.3％ (17/70),14.8％ (9/61) and 10.0％ (5/50).Two hundred and eighty-two patients were detected egg white and egg yolk sIgE,the positive rate of egg white sIgE 59.6％ (168/282) was much higher than the egg yolk sIgE 9.2％ (26/282).The positive rate of the milk and egg white sIgE were different between the age groups and decreased with the age(milk:x2 =792.88;egg white:x2 =658.21,P ＜ 0.01).The degree in level 4 or above of milk and egg white sIgE were 1.08％ (2/186) and 1.12％ (2/178) in positive patients.Five hundred and twenty-eight patients were detected milk and egg white sIgE,26.9％ (142/528) were both positive,sIgE levels in serum of them was moderately correlated (rs =0.758,P ＜ 0.01).Serum sIgE of shrimp and crab was detected in 64 patients,16 cases was positive of the shrimp,17 cases of the crab was positive,both positive in 16 cases,sIgE levels in serum of them were highly correlated (rs =0.973,P ＜0.01).In the simultaneous detection of 34 patients' serum sIgE of peanut and soybean,peanut was positive in 4 cases,soybean was positive in 3 cases,both positive in 2 cases,sIgE levels in serum of them were highly correlated (rs =0.879,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Egg white is the major allergen of egg allergy.The correlations of shrimp and crab,peanut and soybean are extremely high,probably because of their homology; egg white and milk are not homologous food,but the levels of sIgE between them display a moderately correlation,indicating the existing of synergistic reaction.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between allergic rhinitis and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO).METHODS FeNO was measured in 66 allergic rhinitis patients before and after treatment. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score was used to describe the patient's symptoms. RESULTSFeNO and VAS score were significantly decreased after treatment (t=4.25,P=0.0000;t=3.34, P=0.0008), and the decrease proportion were (14.56±27.23)% and (8.68±53.17)% respectively. Correlation analysis showed FeNO and VAS score was significantly correlated before (r=0.43,P=0.0003) and after (r=0.45,P=0.0002) treatment. After treatment, the decreased proportion of FeNO and VAS score were significantly correlated (r=0.25,P=0.0437). CONCLUSIONFeNO can provide objective evidence for the treatment efficacy of allergic rhinitis.

Objective To investigate the role of molecular allergen diagnosis in respiratory allergic diseases, and measure the prevalence and the allergen molecular mapping of the asthma and allergic rhinitic patients.Methods Totally 80 cases of asthma or allergic rhinitis patients with two or more inhaled allergens from First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University during 2013 January to 2014 December were tested for serum specific immunoglobulin E ( sIgE ) against 112 allergen components by ImmunoCAP ISAC.Results About 78.8% ( 63/80 ) patients is three or more allergen components sensitization, the most prevalence allergen components were house dust mites′Der f 1 67.5%(54/80), Der f 2 66.2%(53/80), Der p 1 and Der p 2 were 63.8%(51/80) and 61.2%(49/80), Der p 10 was only 12.5%(10/80), follewed by Fel d 1 22.5%(18/80), Cyn d 1 16.2%(13/80), Phl p 4 15.0%(12/80), Pen m 1,Pla a 2,Jug r 2 and Can f 1were all 11.2%(9/80), Lep d 2, Blo t 5, Bla g 7 and Ani s 3 10.0%(8/80).Other allergen components positive rates were low.Conclusions Molecular allergen diagnosis can provide more comprehensive diagnostic information for allergic patients, by providing allergen map.Allergen microarray can discover the neglected allergens such as bermuda grass, timothy grass and plane tree pollen allergens in southen China.

Objective To investigate the types and distributions of allergens, and the responsiveness to these allergens SIgE and tIgE as related to allergic disorders in patients with allergies in Guangdong. Methods Serum samples were obtained from patients with allergic disorders (n = 7 144) who visited our hospital between 2009 and 2014. The sera were subjected to analysis of 15 common allergens. Results The positive rates of sIgE and tIgE were 62.4%and 54.6%, respectively. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(Der p) had the highest prevalence of aeroallergen-specific IgE and milk the highest prevalence of food allergen-specific IgE. Other aeroallergens and food allergens produced mild responses except Der p and Der f. The sensitization peak of Der p and Der f appeared at the age of 10 to 12 years. The sensitization peak of milk appeared at the age of less than 3 years and that of eggs did at the aged of 4 to 6 years. The averaged tIgE positive rate went up with the increase in the number of allergen sensitization. Conclusion Der p, Der f, milk and eggs are major sensitizers responsible for common allergic disorders in Guangdong. Knowledge concerning allergen characteristics at various age groups may be helpful for early diagnosis and intervention for allergies.

The web-based PBL teaching plan in pediatrics embodies the network learning environment and learning requirements.The basic design unit is a complete real case with certain width and depth,which can stimulate the students' interests of participation and guide students into a predetermined learning area to achieve desired learning objectives.The article dwelled on the compilation and implementation of the teaching plan of children bronchopneumonia.The first part:teachers showed the case in PBL site and proposed the questions.Students made the Powerpoint after studying and discussing in groups by PBL teaching website,QQ group,SMS platform,etc.The second part:students reported and discussed in groups; the teacher provided the new information and put forward the following-up problems; students consulted the documents and materials through the network again; finally teachers made comments on the results.During the teaching,network should be fully utilized and the questions should be proposed progressively at different levels.Teacher should play a guiding role and emphasize the students' autonomous learning.

This study investigated the changes of CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in peripheral blood of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma before and after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). The proportion of CD4(+) CD25(+) Tregs among CD4(+) T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of 33 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma was determined by flow cytometry before, 1 week and 1 month after TACE. And 25 healthy volunteers served as control. One month after TACE, the patients were divided into two groups: 22 in group A, who were in stable condition or getting better; and 10 in group B, who were deteriorating. One patient died and was excluded. The results showed that the percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs among CD4(+) T lymphocytes did not significantly change in the 33 patients 1 week after TACE as compared with that before TACE, however, the difference was significant (P<0.01) between the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and the healthy subjects. The percentage of CD4(+) CD25(+) Tregs among CD4(+) T lymphocytes in group A 1 month after TACE was decreased significantly in comparison with that before and 1 week after TACE (P<0.01), whereas, that in group B was increased significantly 1 month after TACE (P<0.01). It was concluded that patients with hepatocellular carcinoma had a higher proportion of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs in peripheral blood. TACE did not significantly affect the level of CD4(+) CD25(+) Tregs within short time (such as 1 week). The proportion of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs in peripheral blood 1 month after TACE was related to the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*immunology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic/*methods ; Liver Neoplasms/*immunology ; Liver Neoplasms/*therapy ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology

Objective To retrospectively analyze the effect and safety of bilateral stereotactic radiofrequency amygdalohippocampectomy (SAHE) for treatment of bilateral medial temporal lobe epilepsy (BMTLE). Methods Twelve BMTLE patients were treated with bilateral SAHE under limited coagulations. Clinical parameters were evaluated with the programs of Engel′s classification, Liverpool Seizure Severity Scale (LSSS) 2.0, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) and Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R), respectively. Results Five patients (42%) were assessed as EngelⅠwith 12 ~ 62-month follow-up. Seizure severity scores were declined sharply compared with the baseline of the patients with out seizure free. Function of memory and intelligence was transiently declined without statistical significance immediately after operation (P >0.05), but was significantly increasedat 6 months after operation (P < 0.05). Conclusion Bilateral SAHE could terminate seizures or reduce seizure severity in patients with BMTLE. Under the circumstance of limited coagulations, neuropsychological function was improved along with seizure control.

Objective To study the blood concentration of hydroxychloroquine in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treated with different doses, and analyze the relationship between blood concentration of hydroxychloroquine and disease activity, and evaluate its safety.Methods Forty SLE patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, each group contained 20 cases.The patients in group A were treated with hydroxychloroquine (0.4 g, qd), while patients in group B were treated with hydroxychloroquine (0.2 g, qd).The treatment lasted more than six months in every patient.The blood concentrations of hydroxychloro-quine were detected by high performance liquid chromatography.The clinical and laboratory indices were collected.The systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) score was recorded.The doses and varieties of combined hormone, immunosuppressant were recorded.The correlation of blood concentration of hydroxychloroquine and disease activity was analyzed.The significance was determined by Student's t test and Pearson correlation analysis.Results In SLE patients, the average blood concentration of hydro-xychloroquine was (402±190) ng/ml in group A and (150±60) ng/ml in group B (t=7.471, P＜0.01).The disease activities of patients in the two groups showed no significant difference (t=-0.172, P＞0.05).The platelet counts of patients in group A were significantly higher than those in group B[(188±88)×109/L vs (158 ±87) ×109/L] (t=4.375, P＜0.05).However, the other laboratory parameters showed no significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the blood concentrations of hydroxy-chloroquine are significantly different in different dosages.The high dose of hydroxy-chloroquine is related to high platelet number in lupus patients.These findings suggest that hydroxychloroquine is safe and effective for SLE patients.