Objective To observe the effects of nerve impulses on the expression of carbonic anhydrase Ⅲ ( CAⅢ ) and its phosphatase activity, and to explore whether or not the cause of CAⅢ expressive decreased in skeletal muscles of myasthenia gravis( MG) is resulted from the obstruction of nerve impulse.Methods The motor nerves of extensor digitorum longus (EDL, mainly composed by fast fibers) and soleus (Sol, mainly composed by slow fibers) were cut off by operation of denervation.Levels and phosphatase activities of CAⅢ were analyzed at 7, 14, 28, and 56 d after denervation by Western blot and specific enzyme staining on the membrane following SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively.Results (1) Levels of CAⅢ in Sol of normal side (eg denervated contralateral) were much higher than that in EDL of normal side, and the levels in both Sol and EDL had an enhanced tendency with time (age) increase, especially for Sol.After denervation, the levels of CAⅢ in EDL were gradual increased, however, the level in Sol was 14 d after denervation as the boundary of ascension and then decline.( 2) The phosphatase activities of CAⅢ in Sol of normal sides were much higher than that in EDL of normal sides, and there were an enhanced tendency with time (age) increase in Sol, but no significant changes were found in EDL The enzyme activities in denervated Sol were lower(in the 14, 28, and 56 days after denervation: 14.39 ±1.93, 11.48 ±1.46, 9.04 ±1.46) much than their contralaterals(22.75 ± 1.80, 25.26 ±3.15, 25.82 ± 2.97; t = 0.002, 0.005, 0.002, all P ＜ 0.05), the enzyme activities in denervated EDL were also lower than their contralaterals, however, no significant differences were found.(3)It was consistent for CAⅢ levels and phosphatase activities in both Sol and EDL of normal sides.After denervation, however, the deviation of the CAⅢ levels and phosphatase activities happened, the levels of CAⅢ were increased, but the phosphatase activities were decreased.Conclusions The effect of nerve impulse transferring obstructed by denervation on CAⅢ expression of skeletal muscles is different from that by MG auto-antibody.The decrease of CAⅢ protein in the MG muscles may be not resulted from the nerve impulse transferring obstructed by MG auto-antibody.

BACKGROUND:Articular capsule ligaments can lead articular surface to move normally and limit the excessive movement, especially to prevent any non-physiological movement. They are the important structures for stabilizing hip joints. It was previously thought that articular capsule should be routinely resected in the total hip arthroplasty (THA). OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the effect of retaining articular capsule in THA through posterior approach on maintaining hip stability. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: This study, a retrospective case analysis, was performed on 61 patients with femoral neck fracture, who received treatment in the Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South between January 2005 and December 2006. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-nine patients who underwent THA with retaining articular capsule from January to December 2006 were included as retaining group, and thirty-two patients who underwent THA with routine resection of partial articular capsule were included as routine group. The two groups were kept identical in case selection, prosthesis selection, post-surgery processing and operators. METHODS: Four holes were drilled on greater trochanter on the proximal femoral bone. The superior part of articular capsule valve was sutured to the superior part of original articular capsule using No.1-0 absorbing thread, then sutured to base of femoral neck in mattress manner, and the suture was not ligated. The inferior part of articular capsule valve was sutured to the inferior part of original articular capsule using another suture. And the suture passed through two bone holes on base of femoral neck. The lower limbs were externally rotated and the suture was ligated. Subsequently, the excised extortor was repaired. Prior to and subsequent to suture, hip was slowly bent for 90° and femur was internally rotated for45°to investigate the suture of articular capsule on strengthening articular stability. MAI OUTCOME MEASURES: Operation time, bleeding volume and hip dislocation after THA. RESULTS: The operation time and bleeding volume were lower in the retaining group than in the routine group (P < 0.05). After THA, hip dislocation did not occur in any patients in the retaining group but occur in 2 patients (6.2%) in the routine group. Statistical tests could not be performed due to less data, resulting in no statistical significance.CONCLUSION: There has been no precise conclusion about the effects of retaining articular capsule or not on hip stability.But retaining articular capsule shortens operation time, reduces intrao-perative bleeding, unable raise operation risk, and re-establishes hip soft tissue balance.

[Summary] This review summarized the evolution of surgical timing and procedure skills of postnatal repair in the treatment of congenital diaphragmatic hernia ( CDH ) .Minimally invasive repair of diaphragmatic hernia was highlighted.The current status, difficulties, and future trends of surgical intervention for CDH were analyzed.

30%Horseradish Peroxidase was ingected into the nueleus lateralis dorsalis and nucleus lateralis posterior of thalamus. The result shows that thalamus has much more labeled cells than the cerebral. The midbrain has the leaet.We discussed the labeled cells of the cerebral cortex, putamencaudatus, nucleus reticular and ventral nucleus of thalamus, formatio retieaularis of midbrain.

Objective To investigate medical students' cognitive status and attitude toward urban-rural integration and to find the influencing factors in an aim to provide information for the process of urban and rural integration.Methods Sampling survey was conducted among the junior students who were major in eight-year clinical medicine,five-year clinical medicine and nursing (undergraduate) with self-made questionnaire.The data entry was done by 19.0 SPSS software and descriptive statistical analysis and ONE-WAY ANOVA were used to do statistical analysis.Results Students who didn't know urban-rural integration accounted for 53.2％,while 80.7％ students supported urban-rural integration.Students' major and residence were two influencing factors of working in the countryside.Conclusion Measures should be taken to raise students' awareness of urban-rural integration based.Targeted measures should be adopted based on students' majors and residences.

Objective To explore the protective effects and possible mechanisms of Polydatin (PD)on hypoxic-ischemia brain injury(HIBD) in neonatal rat by means of spatial learning memory and the expression of synaptophysin in hippocampal CA1. Methods Thirty-seven neonatal SD rats were divided into 3 groups at random: normal sham-operated group( no hypoxia and ischemia); HIBD group( no medication) ;PD treatment group. 7-old-day rat' s model of HIBD was established by left carotid artery ligation and 2 h hypoxia. Morris water maze test was used to evaluate cognitive function in the rats after 28-day-old( 21-day later after HI). Immunohistochemical method was used to measure the expression of synaptophysin after the end of Morris water maze test. Results Morris water maze results showed that the mean escape latency of the shamgroup (SG) ,HIBD group (HIBD) and PD treatment group (PD) were (39. 55 ±8. 08) s, (52. 37 ±8.03) s and (43.29 ± 7. 63 ) s respectirely. For PD and SG, the mean escape latency was significantly shorter than the HIBD (P ＜0.05). After training,the mean escape latency in the three groups of rats was shortened gradually. The frequency of platform crossings were 5. 29 ±2.62、2. 36 ± 1.80、4. 25 ± 1. 66 in the SG,HIBD and PD respectirely. The frequency of platform crossings in PD was higher than that of HIBD ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The swimming time in target quadrant were ( 15.74 ± 3.85) s, ( 10. 63 ± 3.66) s and ( 14. 32 ± 2. 52 ) s in SG, HIBD and PD respectirely. For HIBD ,the swimming time in target quadrant was significantly shorter comparing to SG and PD ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The expression of synaptophys in hippocampal CA1 in PD ( 0. 295 2 ± 0. 044 3 )were evidently higher than that in the HIBD group (0.261 2 ±0.032 3) at 3 week after operation (P ＜0. 05). Conclusion Spatial learning memory deficits and the decrease of synaptophys in hippocampal CA1 could be induced by hypoxic-ischemia. Polydatin could improve the learning and memory ability in neonatal rats following hypoxic-ischemia brain damage. The mechanisms of improvement with Polydatin treatment is associated with the enhancement of expression of synaptophys.

Objective To observe the therapeutic efficacy of bronchial artery embolization(BAE) and pulmonary artery embolism(PAE) for massive hemoptysis.Methods 48 cases with massive hemoptysis were treated with embolization,of them,43 underwent selective bronchial arteriography and BAE with microballoon of Baiji,three cases underwent selective bronchial arteriography and treated with PAE at the same time,two cases underwent PAE.Results The abnormal features of arteriography were displayed in all hemoptysis stopped after operation 48 h later.Three cases recurred during followed up six months later,but the hemoptysis decreased.Conclusion Pulmonary arteriography and PAE therapy should be preformed when BAE fails for massive hemoptysis.

Objective Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has been identified to regulate DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and gene post-transcriptional regulation in kinds of diseases, including tumorigenesis, obesity and so on.Therefore, lncRNAs might be the potential targets of mesangial cells proliferation.Methods Mesangial cells were exposed to suitable concentration of TGF-β through cell proliferation assay;then the lncRNAs expression levels were detected by microarray in experimental group and control group separately;finally the differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified by RT-PCR;meanwhile, and the expression levels of target genes were also detected by RT-PCR.Results Cell viability assay confirmed that 10 ng/ml TGF-β could promote mesangial cell proliferation significantly.Totally, over 30 000 lncRNAs were detected in TGF-β treated MCs and control group cells separately.Compared to the control group, 5550 lncRNAs differentially expressed in TGF-β treated MCs, including 119 up-regulated and 147 down-regulated over 2 fold.RT-PCR results appeared that uc.60, MRAK079149, MRAK029456, XR_005507, XR_007641, uc.14, and uc.412 were significantly up-regulated in TGF-β treated MCs, and BC088254, DQ402472, BC098733, BC158832,BC098746 were stably down-regulated.Compared to the control group, the mRNA expression levels of AATF and NEK were increased in the TGF-β treated mesangial cells (P ＜ 0.05).AATF and NEK were downstream target genes of uc.412 and MRAK079149 respectively.Conclusion The differential expression of long noncoding RNAs presents in the experimental mesangial cells proliferation induced by TGF-β.

Objective To assess the value of C-reactive protein(CRP) for the prognosis of acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Methods 56 acute pulmonary embolism patients, confirmed by spiral computed tomography (sCT), magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), or pulmonary angiography (CTPA). CRP as well as electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography(UCG), blood gas analysis, were taken after admission. Results Among these patients,24 cases with higher CRP(≥10 mg/L),were diagnosed as massive (50.0%), sub-massive PE(45.8%), mini-massive (4.2%) or died(25.0%). 24 cases (100.0%) showed right heart dysfunction and 24 cases showed pulmonary hy-pertension on UCG, right ventricular 20 (83.8%) on ECG, 22 cases (91.7%) showed hypoxemia. 8 cases (33.3%) had syncope,and 9 cases (37.5%) had cardiogenic shock. CRP was lower than 10 mg/L in 32 patients, among whom,3 cases (9.4%) were with massive PE,6 cases (18.8%) were with sub-massive PE,23(71.8%) were with small PE,1 cases(6.3%) died. 13 (40.6%) had right heart dysfunction and 16(50.6%) had pulmona-ry hypertension on UCG, right ventricular on ECG in 15 cases (46.9%), hypoxemia in 11 cases (34.4%), syncope in 2 cases (6.3%), cardiogenic shock in 4 cases (12.5%). The occurrence of massive PE, mortality (P<0.01) and sub-massive PE (P<0.05)were statistically different between the groups with higher CRP and the groups with lower CRP. The ratio of right heart dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular overloading, hypoxemia had statistical significance (P<0.01). There was statistical significance in the occurrence of syncope, cardiogenic shock (P<0.05). Conclusions CRP can be used as a parameter for PE, and can be used to stratify risk levels for severi-ty and assess the effectiveness of treatment.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum leptin and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods 35 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and 16 normal controls were studied. Fasting serum leptin, fasting glucose(FBG), HbAlc, C-peptide, lipide, systolic(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), body mass index (BMI) and waist circ-umference (WC) were measured in all subjects. The intima-media thickness (IMT) of common carotid artery was measured by high-resolu-tion ultrasound imaging. Results IMT of T2DM was positively correlated with leptin concentration. Conclusion Serum leptin concentra-tion is independently associated with the IMT of carotid artery, which suggest that leptin may be an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis.