The most important cause of late mortality after lung transplantation is obliterative bronchiolitis ( OB) . It is clear that a good animal model is indispensable to further unravel and clarify the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome ( BOS) .Many animal models have been developed to study BOS, however, so far, none of these models truly mimics the human condition.In recent years mouse models of orthotopic lung transplantation have been established, which provide potential possibilities for further studies of OB/BOS after lung transplantation.The aim of this article was to review the pros and cons of those animal models, and discuss the possible approaches to establish animal models of chronic rejec-tion after lung transplantation.

Objective To construct the replication-incompetent lentivirus expressing rat TLR4 shRNA,and to observe its inhibitory effect on TLR4 expression in alveolar macrophage and on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced release of IL-1?,IL-6.Methods We designed and constructed four shRNA expressing plasmids with silencing effect,then they were co-transfected into HEK293T cells with the TLR4 eukaryotic vector constructed previously;the best shRNA was selected to be packed into lentivirus;and the titer was determined.The packed lentvirus was used to infect the alveolar macrophage(NR8383) in presence of LPS,and the LPS-induced IL1?,IL-6 expression was examined by ELISA.Results The best shRNA was successfully screened out and was correctly inserted into the lentivirus.The titer of the recombinant lentivirus was 2.0 ? 106 TU/ml.The LPS-induced expression of IL-1?,IL-6 in the alveolar macrophages was greatly reduced after virus infection (P

Objective To construct eukaryotic expressed plasmid vector pLenti6/V5- DEST-Cx43 in human for further study on bioinformative communication between myocardial cell, embryonic development of heart and differentiation of myocardial cell. Methods Cx43 cDNA fragments were obtained from plasmid p18-T by restriction enzyme BamH1、Xho1, after the agarose gel electrophoresis was performed, the Cx43 cDNA was retrieved. pENTR11 were extracted by enzyme BamH1、Xho1, then connected with Cx43 cDNA by T4 DNA ligase. LR reaction was performed and Cx43 cDNA were cloned into Lentiviral vector pLenti6/V5-DEST. Results Agarose electrophoresis and sequent examination, identified that Cx43 cDNA was cloned into Lentiviral vector pLenti6/V5-DEST. Conclusion The present experiment demonstrate a successful cloning of human Cx43 cDNA into the Lentiviral vector pLenti6/V5-DEST.

Objective To summarize the experience of heart-lung transplantation.Methods Four patients with Eisenmenger’s syndrome underwent heart-lung homoplastic transplantation. All patients were complicated with severe pulmonary hypertension in New York Heart Association ( NYHA ) functional class IV. Cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass consisted of a cannula in the high ascending aorta and separate vena caval cannulas. The heart-lung graft was moved into the chest, beginning with passage of the lung before the phrenic nerve pedicle. The bronchus was trimmed, leaving two cartilaginous rings proximal to the orifice of the upper lobe. The tracheal anastomosis was performed with a continuous 4-0 polypropylene suture, with the posterior portion continuously and anterior interrupted. The lungs were then ventilated (

Th17 cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of various immune-mediated diseases,including psoriasis,rheumatoid arthritis,multiple sclerosis,inflammatory bowel disease,asthma,and so on.The discovery of Th17 cells has offered scientists a new insight into the etiology and treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases.This article presents an overview of the differentiation,cytokine expression and trafficking of Th17 cells.

Objective To modify the techniques for establishment of an abdominal working heart transplantation model in rats and to sum up the key factors to success.Methods A total of 180 12-week old Brown Norway rats ( donor) and Lewis rats ( recipient) were used in this study:50 BN rats and 50 Lewis rats for pilot experiment, and 40 BN rats and 50 Lewis rats for the formal experiment.The rat model of working heart heterotopic transplantation was adopted and estab-lished by Wiedemann’ s mode.We transplanted the heart from BN rats to Lewis rats and analyzed the survival rate, causes of death and histological changes of the heart ( HE staining) in this experiment.Results After exercise and modification, the survival rate was increased to 77.5%, and the mean total duration of operation was 71 ±11 min, and the mean ische-mic time of the donor hearts was 34 ±5 min.Histological examination ( HE staining) of the cardiac allograft showed a mild inflammatory cell infiltration in the graft at 24 h after transplantation, indicating that the model was reliable.Conclusions A variety of factors may affect the final operation success rate in the establishment of this heart transplantation model.A-mong them, the major affecting factors include: healthy animals, donor heart protection, rapid and effective vascular su-ture, and postoperative animal management.

Objectives To investigate the effects of military stress and psychological resilience on job burnout and mental health in military personnel and construct the relationship among resilience,job burnout and mental health during military stress.Methods By cluster random sampling,520 personnel in army taking part in the war-game were selected as the experimental group,and another group of 520 who not taking part in the wargame were selected as the control group.After one week of the war-game,the experimental group and control group were investigated by Military Personnel Mental Disorder Prediction Scale,Military Job Burnout Scale and Military Personnel Resilience Scale.The acquired datum were analyzed by t-test,correlation analysis,regression analysis and structural equation modeling analysis.Results (1) The total scores of mental disorder prediction and factor scores of psychosis,depression,mania,neurosis,personality disorder were((15.85±9.30),(0.36±0.91),(1.10±1.53),(2.66±1.78),(1.16± 1.57),(2.04± 1.83)) and the total scores of job burnout and its all factor scores were((23.05±9.40),(5.13±2.47),(3.19±2.18),(5.16±3.01),(1.71 ± 1.66),(3.29±2.21)) of experimental group were significantly higher than control group((11.20±6.24),(0.11 ±0.53),(0.55± 1.10),(1.89± 1.50),(0.51± 1.02),(1.10±1.13),(17.92±9.64),(4.28±2.92),(2.64±2.06),(3.84±2.46),(1.26± 1.37),(2.77±2.43),P=0.000).(2)Psychological resilience negatively correlated with job burnout and mental health(r=-0.52～-0.09,P＜0.05),and job burnout positively correlated with mental health (r=0.12 ～ 0.57,P＜0.01).(3) Under the military stress,psychological resilience was the accommodation to effect the mental health and job burnout of military personnel.(4)The analysis of structural equation modeling showed that psychological resilience had a direct effect on job burnout(the path coefficient was-0.56,P＜0.01),but it had no significant effect on mental health (the path coefficient was-0.06,P=0.302).Job burnout had a direct effect on mental health (the path coefficient was 0.73,P＜0.01),and the structural equation modeling fitted the data very well(x2/ df =3.138,GFI =0.943,AGFI =0.911,NFI =0.930,RFI =0.905,IFI =0.952,TLI =0.933,CFI =0.951,RMSEA =0.065).Conclusion Military stress can lead to job burnout and mental disorders that could be moderated by psychological resilience.Job burnout can fully mediate the relation between psychological resilience and mental health.Psychological resilience effects mental health by job burnout indirectly.

Objective:To observe the effect of Radix Paeoniae Bubra(RPB)on NADPH oxidase p22phox,monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1)mRNA expression and neointimal hyperplasia after carotid artery balloon injury in cholesterol-fed rabbits.Methods:The rabbit model of carotid balloon injury was established adopting Clowes method,and treated with extract of RPB.Component of neointima and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)and macrophage was determined by immunochemical stain.The collagen of typeⅠwas detected by special staining for blood vessels and the area of neointima was measured by image assay system.Expression of NADPH oxidase p22phox mRNA,MCP-1 mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization and transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Results:RPB can attenuate the neointima area and proliferation of collagen typeⅠinduced by balloon-injury,remarkable prevent the formation of restenosi,and down-regulate expression of NADPH oxidase p22 and MCP-1mRNA significantly and decrease the degree of macrophages infiltration especially in vessel wall of injuring carotid artery.Conclusions:RPB inhibited NADPH oxidase P22Phox and MCP-1 mRNA expression,and modestly reduced neointimal hyperplasia,which might be partly attributed to its antioxidant and inflammatory effects.

Objective:To observe the effect of Radix Paeoniae Rubra on intimal proliferation,activating of angiotensin Ⅱ(AgⅡ) and expression of Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1(MKP-1) after carotid artery balloon injury in cholesterol-fed rabbits.Methods: Male rabbits were randomly divided into Radix Paeoniae Rubra(PPR) groups: high dose group(75、50、25g.kg-1.d-1;n=8),middle dose group(2g.kg-1.d-1),low dose group(1g.kg-1.d-1;n=8) and control group.Both groups received high fat forage(2% cholesterol + 5% lard).Balloon injury of carotid artery was performed.Carotid artery were harvested at the end of 10 weeks.Expression level of AgⅡwas measured by radioimmunoassay.MKP-1 expression was determined by RT-PCR.Immunohistochemical staining and morphological detection were adopted.Results: Compare with control group,expression of AgⅡ decreased obviously(P

Objective To study of percutaneous laser disc decompression(PLDD)in the patients of lumbar disc herniations.Methods 66 patients were treated with PLDD.The mean age of the 48 male and 18 female patients was 39.3 years old.Results 58 patients of all,or 87.9% showed excellent or good result.15 patients(78.9%)showed excellent and 2 patients(10.5%) were good,2 patients(10.6%) were fair or poor under 30 year old.15 patients(44.1%)showed excellent and 17(50.5%)patients were good,2(5.9%)patients were fair in 31~50 years old.2(15.4%) patients showed excellent and 7(53.8%)patients were good,4(29.8%)patients were fair or poor over 51 years old.Conclusion PLDD is safe and convenient method of treating lumbar disc herniations.