At present, the cats play a more and more important role in medical experiments as an experimental animal,especially for the studies of neurology,physiology and toxicology. Compared with rodent animals,the physiological characteristics, anatomical features, pathological and biochemical reactions of cats are closer to human beings, and compared with the primate animals,they have advantages of economy,abundant resources and so on. Therefore,cat has an extensive application prospect in animal models of human diseases. This article mainly reviews and summarizes the establishing method and research status of cats as an animal model of human diseases in ophthalmology, nervous system, tumor and other fields in recent years.

Objective To analyze the core curricula framework of speech-language-hearing rehabilitation technology in vocational colleges,and formulate the course objectives,content and teaching methods.By constructing competency-orient-ed curricula,it is aimed to develop comprehensive competencies among students,and ensure they can meet di-verse service needs. Methods WHO rehabilitation competency framework(RCF)5+2 structure was adopted to systematically analyze the ob-jectives,content,instruction and evaluation approaches of eight core curricula in speech-language-hearing reha-bilitation technology at vocational colleges.By incorporating international standards from International Associa-tion of Logopedics and Phoniatrics and American Speech-Language-Hearing Association,the core curricula framework was designed to meet the educational needs in China.A contextualized teaching method that empha-sizes the integration of theory and practice was employed to ensure the comprehensive development of students'knowledge,skills,and professional competencies. Results A curricula framework that integrating theory with practice was established using RCF,covering various aspects from assessment to rehabilitation interventions.The content of eight core curricula and the corresponding rehabil-itation competencies were systematically analyzed using RCF,thereby systematic course objectives,content and teaching methods were constructed.This curricula framework encompassed core knowledge,skills and competen-cies in rehabilitation sciences,in order to ensure that students were equipped to handle complex service situations. Conclusion It is valuable to develop the competency-based core curricula for speech-language-hearing rehabilitation technology using RCF,for advancing competency-oriented vocational education.These curricula not only align with the current demand for highly skilled professionals in the rehabilitation industry,but also lay a foundation for students'continuous professional development.By emphasizing practical skills and interdisciplinary collabo-ration,the courses enable students to effectively function in dynamic rehabilitation environments,meeting di-verse rehabilitation needs.

Objective:To investigate the distribution characteristics of urinary tract pathogens in patients with community-acquired urinary tract infection and their sensitivity to nenoxacin and levofloxacin.Methods:This prospective, multicenter clinical trial included patients with community-acquired urinary tract infection who were admitted to urological clinics at 9 clinical research centers from November 2021 to August 2022.Inclusion criteria: Patients aged 18-70 years with community-acquired acute uncomplicated cystitis(AUC), recurrent acute episodes of urinary tract infection(rUTI), and non-febrile complicated urinary tract infection(cUTI) with signs of urinary tract irritation and abnormal elevation of routine white blood cells in urine. Exclusion criteria: ①Patients who received effective antimicrobial therapy within 72 h before enrollment and lasted for more than 24 h. ②Fever (>37.3℃) or symptoms of upper urinary tract infection such as low back pain, tapping pain in the kidney area, etc. ③Indwelling urinary catheter. At the first visit, clean midstream urine samples were taken for bacterial culture, and the distribution characteristics of urinary pathogens of different types of urinary tract infections were analyzed. Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) were measured for Gram-negative bacteria. The susceptibility of nenoxacin and levofloxacin to urinary tract pathogens was determined by disk diffusion method. Drug resistance rate, sensitivity rate were analyzed between different disease groups.Results:There were 404 enrolled patients from 9 hospitals, including 364 (90.1%) females and 40 (9.9%) males. A total of 177 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, among which the highest proportion of Escherichia coli was 66.1% (117/177).Klebsiella pneumoniae was followed by 6.8% (12/177) and Streptococcus agalactis 5.1% (9/177). The bacterial spectrum distribution of AUC and rUTI were similar, and the proportions of Escherichia coli were 70.6% (85/119) and 65.9% (29/44), respectively. However, the proportions of Escherichia coli isolated from cUTI patients were only 28.6% (4/14) and Enterococcus faecalis 7.1%(1/14). The overall detection rate of ESBLs in Gram-negative bacteria was 30.9%(43/139). The sensitivity rate of nenoxacin was 74.6%(91/122), and the resistance rate was 25.4%(31/122). The overall sensitivity rate of levofloxacin was 44.9%(70/156) and the resistance rate was 36.5%(57/156). The rate of resistance of urinary tract pathogens to levofloxacin was 48.2% (27/56) in patients with previous urinary tract infection history, and 30.0% (30/100) in patients with no previous urinary tract infection history, the difference was statistically significant( P=0.023).The sensitivity rate of Gram-negative bacteria to nenofloxacin was 70.7% (65/92) and that to levofloxacin was 50.0% (46/92, P<0.001). The sensitivity of Gram-positive bacteria to nenofloxacin was 80.0% (16/20), and that to levofloxacin was 70.0% (14/20, P=0.009). Conclusions:The bacterial profile of out-patient community acquired urinary tract infection varies greatly according to different diseases. The proportion of Escherichia coli in AUC and rUTI patients is higher than that in cUTI. The detection rate of ESBLs in Gram-negative bacteria was lower than the domestic average.Patients with a history of urinary tract infection had a high risk of treatment failure with levofloxacin. The sensitivity of common urinary tract pathogens to nenofloxacin was higher than levofloxacin.