This article summarized literatures in the recent ten years on the mechanisms of Ci-xue therapy from such aspects as hemorheology, vascular biology, blood constituents and blood coagulating system.

Objective To study the effects ofYiqi Huoxue Jiedu Recipe on immunomodulatory of patients with advanced ovarian cancer.Methods It was performed in a single-arm, open-label study with 40 patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. All patients were treated withYiqi Huoxue Jiedu Recipe lasting for 4 weeks (200 mL, twice a day). The main endpoint was the quantities of CD4+CD25+ cells, CD8+CD28- regulatory T cells and CD8+CD28+ cytotoxic T cells measured by flow cytometry, and the accessory endpoints were variations of symptoms which included pain, fatigue, and numbness etc.Results The quantities of CD4+CD25+ and CD8+CD28- cells significantly decreased compared with those of pre-treatment (P<0.05); the quantity of CD8+CD28+ cell increased significantly (P<0.05). Except for pain, significant improvement showed in fatigue, tinnitus, numbness, poor appetite, abdominal discomfort, insomnia, diarrhea and abnormal urinate (P<0.05).ConclusionYiqi Huoxue JieduRecipe is proved to be effective in regulating immunosuppression advanced ovarian cancer and improving patients’ life quality.

Objective To investigate the effects of paravertebral injection of different concentrations of adriamycin on motor conduction function in rats. Methods Eighty healthy male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 gwere randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 20 each): 3 adriamycin groups receiving paravertebral injection of 0.3%, 0.5% and 1.0% adriamycin 10 μl respectively (group A1, A2, A3) and control group (group C)receiving equal volume of normal saline (NS) instead of adriamycin. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 3% pentobarbital 40 mg/kg. A right paramedian incision was made in the back from L3 to S1.L4,5,5,6 intervertebral foramina were exposed. 0.3%, 0.5% and 1.0% adriamycin and NS 10 pl were injected into the intervertebral foramina in group A1, A2, A3 and C respectively. Spinal motor evoked pontential (SMEP)was measured at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks (T1-4)after paravertebral injection. Results The latent period of SMEP was significantly prolonged and the amplitude decreased at T1-4 in group A3 as compared with group A1, A2 and C.Conclusion Paravertebral injection of 1.0% adriamycin can significantly depress motor conduction function.

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of different doses of Xiao Chai Hu Tang on C6 glioma cells cultured in vitro. Methods:C6 glioma cells were inoculated in 96 holes,24 holes and 6 holes,each culture plate was divided into 4 groups:control group, low dose group, middle dose group and high dose group, when the cells covered the bottom of culture plate 80%-90%,began adding,cultured for 24 hours after the ter mination of training. Cell proliferation activity,cell viability,protein content and protein positive expression intensity of VEGF and ESM-1,cell apoptosis in early and late stage were detected by CCK-8,in vivo staining,ELISA, immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. Results: CCK-8 assay showed that the growth of C6 glioma cells was inhibited by low,medium and high dose group;ELISA and immunocytochemistry showed that the expression of VEGF and ESM-1 was lower in the lower, middle and high dose groups, and the levels of protein expression and protein levels were decreased. The flow cytometry showed that the low dose of small radix,middle and high dose group could promote the cell apoptosis. Inverted microscope ob-servation showed that with the increase of dose,the number of cells increased gradually,and the number of dead cells increased,and all kinds of detection methods showed that the inhibition effect increased with dose and dose dependence. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0. 01). Conclusion:The growth of C6 glioma cells was significantly inhibited by Xiao Chai Hu Tang. It may play a role in inhibiting tumor growth by down regulating ESM-1 and VEGF protein level and promoting cell apoptosis.

Objective:To determine the correlation of BCG concentration in Freund complete adjuvant ( FCA) and severity of arthritis during arthritis establishment in DBA 1/j male mice induced by bovine type Ⅱcollagen.Methods:CIA was induced by the im-munization of DBA1/j mice with bovine type Ⅱcollagen and BCG of various concentrations dissolved in FCA.To ascertain the effects administering the collagen booster,CIA-related features(including body weight,clinical scoring of arthritis),TNF-αin serum and the histopathological changes in the spleen and the joints regions were measured.Results:4 mg/ml BCG induced more serious arthritis than 1 mg/ml in DBA1/j mice after collagen exposure.Conclusion:There is a positive correlation of arthritis severity with BCG.Which indicates that selection of adjuvant with suitable BCG concentration could determine pathological outcome in CIA mouse model .

Objective To investigate differences in Rab protein expressions in McCoy cells with acute versus persistent Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection.Methods Cultured McCoy cells were infected with different amounts (400,500,550 μl/well) of Ct strain D suspensions,then cultured with the medium containing 100 U/ml penicillin G (persistent Ct infection groups) or that without penicillin G (acute Ct infection groups).Ct-uninfected McCoy cells receiving no penicillin G treatment served as the blank control group,and those receiving penicillin G treatment as the penicillin group.Mter 48-hour culture,McCoy cells were lysed,proteins were collected,and total RNA was extracted from the cells.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to measure protein levels of Rab4A,Rab6A,Rab10,Rab11A and Rab14,and fluorescence-based quantitative PCR to quantify mRNA expressions of Rab4A and Rab14 (expressed as 2-ΔΔα).Results Protein levels of Rab4A,Rab6A,Rab10,Rab11A and Rab14 were all significantly lower in the acute than in the persistent Ct infection groups (all Z =3.621,P ＜ 0.001),and lower in the persistent and acute Ct infection groups than in the blank control group (all P ＜ 0.008 3),but insignificantly different between the blank control group and penicillin group (all P ＞ 0.05).In addition,the expressions of Rab4A and Rab14 mRNAs were consistent with those of their proteins in these groups.Conclusion The transcriptional and expression levels of Rab proteins are higher in McCoy cells persistently infected with Ct than in those acutely infected with Ct.

Objective To investigate the expressions of inflammatory factors in papillary thyroid carcinoma tissue and their relationships with the clinical pathological characteristics,and to provide an experimental basis for guiding clinical treatment and prognosis.Methods 74 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma dignosed by puncture were selected as experimental group,and 26 cases of healthy people were used as normal control group.The fasting venous blood samples from the subjects in two groups were collected,and the postoperative specimens from cancer tissue,adjacent normal tissue and the fasting venous blood 7 d after operation of the patients in experimental group were collected again.The interleukin 1α(IL-1α),interleukin 1β(IL-1β)and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)protein expression levels in serum,cancer adjacent normal tissue and cancer tissue were detected by ELISA;the gene and protein expression levels of IL-1α,IL-1βand COX-2 were examined by real-time fluorescent quantitative method and immunohistochemistry;the relationships between their expressions and clinical stages, pathological types,lymph node metastasis of thyroid papillary carcinoma were analyzed.Results The expression levels of serum IL-1α,IL-1βand COX-2 protein of the patients in experimental group were significantly higher than those in normal control group (P<0.01);the gene and protein expression levels of IL-1α,IL-1βand COX-2 in thyroid papillary carcinoma tissue were significantly higher than those in adjacent tissue (P<0.01).There were positive correlations between the expressions of IL-1αand IL-1β,IL-1αand COX-2,IL-1βand COX-2 in thyroid papillary carcinoma tissue (r=0.64,P=0.035;r=0.71,P=0.042;r=0.69,P=0.038).Conclusion The expression levels of IL-1α, IL-1βand COX-2 in thyroid papillary carcinoma tissue are increased, suggesting that inflammation is involved in metastasis and invasion of thyroid papillary carcinoma,its application is expected to become a new means of cancer treatment strategies.

Objective To explore learning burnout psychology and professional identity of nursing students studying at the traditional Chinese medicine college.Methods 200 students were surveyed by learning burnout and professional commitment scale.Results Learning burnout level of nursing students was higher,depression scores were the highest in four dimensions.Professional commitment kept within medium level.The professional identity was low.The inheritance commitment score was the lowest in each dimension analysis.Conclusions Schools and teachers should take corresponding measures to improve professional commitment level,so as to reduce learning burnout level and ensure long-term stable development of nursing profession.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of serum potassium using isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Methods Frozen human serum pools of different potassium concentrations were prepared from healthy donors of Chao-yang Hospital laboratory in 2010 Serum samples were diluted with 1％ HNO3 supplemented with 41K spike and isotope ratio was measured after selection and optimization of ICP-MS analysis conditions.Serum 39K concentrations were calculated by interpolation method.3 different serum samples were used to evaluate the precision of the method.Standard Reference Material 909b Ⅰ and Ⅱ of National Institute of Standards and Technology were used to evaluate the accuracy.The recovery was evaluated through 2 serum samples added standard material for potassium,uncertainty was calculated.Results The analytical precision of serum potassium measurement was 0.14％ to 0.11％.The results of SRM909b Ⅰ and Ⅱ gave the coefficients of variation (CVs) of 0.39％ to 0.32％.Data was consistent with the certified value and the CV was + 0.12％ and + 0.49％ respectively.The recovery was 99.68％ to 100.12％ for 2 different serum samples.Conclusions ID-ICP-MS method was successfully established to measure the serum potassium concerntration precisely and accurately,it is an ideal method for the accurate determination of inorganic elements.

Objective To understand the global economic burden of diseases due to needle stick injuries(NSIs), obtain relevant evidence,and prompt the relevant departments to pay attention to the precaution of NSIs.Methods Literatures about NSIs published from 1990 to May 2016 were searched from PubMed,ScienceDirect,EBSCO-host,Cochrane,CNKI,and Wanfang database.According to world bank inflation rate and currency rate in 2015, cost of needle stick injury in each study was adjusted to US dollars in December 2015,merge comparison analysis was performed.Results A total of 7 literatures were included,3 American studies and 4 studies from Sweden,Ko-rea,Belgium,and Taiwan Region of China respectively.Studies in mainland China only focused on the incidence of NSIs,studies about cost were not found.Two studies did not identify studied population,the remaining 5 studies were about all staff in the medical institutions.Cost analysis method:Of 7 literatures,3 were first-hand data analy-sis,4 were derived from the model.Scope of cost research:4 studies estimated the direct cost,2 calculated direct and indirect cost respectively,only 1 study estimated the summation of direct and indirect cost.The total cost per inj ury (direct cost + indirect cost)was $747-$2173,direct and indirect cost were $167-$617 and $322-$455 respectively.Conclusion Global economic burden of NSIs is heavy and still undervalued;NSIs occur frequently in China,but attention is inadequate,research on economic burden is lacking,relevant departments should pay atten-tion to the prevention and follow-up treatment process of NSIs.