Objective:To analysis and discussion the effects of undergraduate nursing students to improve results in digestive endoscopy nursing skills by using situational approach.Methods: One hundred undergraduate nursing students of 2010 session in our school were randomly divided into a control group and the experimental group, control group used to explain the observation approach, the experimental group to implement the simulation methodology in this basis, two months later, to evaluate the effect of the digestive endoscopy nursing skills for both two groups.Results: Post-intervention, control group of digestive endoscopy theoretical knowledge points, skills to operate were 81 points, 62 points; experimental group theoretical knowledge of digestive endoscopy division, operating skills were 91 points, 81 points, The experimental group was significantly better than the control group.Conclusion: The situational approach can effectively improve the nursing theoretical knowledge and skills for undergraduate nursing students in the process of digestive endoscopy nursing.

Objective To investigate mental health and personality characteristics of supercargoes. Methods Catell 16 Personality Factor Test (16PF) and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) were used in 470 supercargoes for quantitative analysis. Pearson correlation analysis, multiple regressions and t test were used for data analysis. Results The participants showed a significantly lower score, although specific items were higher than normal models. There was no difference in different age groups. 16PF were positively correlated with total score of SCL-90, except for gregariousness, intelligence, ambition, fantasy,worldly-wisdom,creativity and independency. All factors in SCL-90 were significantly related with the subfactor (i. e. adaptation and anxiety) of 16PF. Conclusion The mental health of supercargoes may not be optimistic,and the personality problems may have some effects on their mental health.

Objective To explore risk factors of neurosurgical patients in bed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and to compare the Autar Scale with the Caprini Scale for predicting DVT formation. Methods Retrospective analysis of DVT risk factors was conducted on sixty-eight cases neurosurgical patients in bed of three hospitals. In addition, used two kinds of risk assessment scales to assess patient′s level of DVT risk. Results Coma (OR=9.410,95%CI=1.689-52.423), paralysis (OR=4.950,95%CI=1.432-17.105) , infection (OR=2.927,95%CI=1.162-7.373), lower limb central venous catheterization (OR=6.072,95%CI=2.187-16.858) may be risk factors for DVT in neurosurgical patients in bed. The two risk assessment tools were used within 24 hours after admission (χ2=34.861) and within 24 hours after surgery (χ2=52.869) to predict differences in neurosurgical patients with thrombosis risk level, with statistical significance (P < 0.01). Conclusions Nurses should identify risk factors of DVT every day and take preventive measures early to reduce the risks. The Caprini Scale is better than the Autar Scale for predicting DVT formation.

Of all 58 cases of knee osteoarthritis treated by acupuncture and moxibustion, 42 cases were recovered,(accounting for 72.5%), 14 cases were obviously improved (accounting for 24.1%), and 2 cases were ineffective (accounting for 3.4%). The total effective rate was 96.6%. This result demonstrated that acupuncture and moxibnstiou therapy has the good functions of dredging meridians and collaterals, activating qi and blood circulation, dispelling cold and dampness, and removing swollen to stop pain.

OBJECTIVE:To provide a reference for setting codes in national New Rural Cooperative Medical System (NRC-MS) drug catalog. METHODS:Current conditions of drug catalog coding at home and abroad were introduced,the problems in the process of setting codes in national NRCMS drug catalog were analyzed and the countermeasures were put forward. RESULTS& CONCLUSIONS:Existing drug catalog codes mainly include those published by World Health Organization(WHO)in anatomi-cal,therapeutic and chemical classification system,and those in Chemical (Raw Material and Preparation) Classification and Code of China,Classification and Code of Drugs Covered by Social Insurance,meanwhile,the setting code method of relevant drugs can be also learnt from Chinese Pharmacopoeia and National Essential Drug List,etc. In setting codes in national NRCMS drug catalog,there were problems such as difficulty in classifying and mapping drug codes,insufficient authority of references for drug codes,too many reference standards for drug codes,and poor normalization of drug code extension. We should further refer to definitely authoritative standards for drug codes,establish appropriate rules on drug code integrated mapping,develop uniform and perfect drug code category set,and establish a system subject to continuous update and an effective evaluation mechanism,to solve the problems in the process of setting codes in national NRCMS drug catalog.

Objective To investigate the effects of propofol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced brain injury in rats.Methods Fifty-four pathogen-free SD rats of both sexes, aged 6 weeks, weighing 200-250 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (group C, n = 6) ; LPS group (group L, n = 24) ; propofol group (group P, n = 24) . Brain injury was produced by injection of LPS 1 mg/kg via the left internal carotid artery in L and P groups. Propofol 100 mg/kg was injected intraperitonealry immediately after the LPS administration in group P, while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead of propofol in group L. The equal volume of normal saline was given instead of LPS and propofol in group C. Six rats in each group were sacrificed and the brain tissues were immediately removed at 24 h after intraperitoneal administration in group C, and at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after intraperitoneal administration in L and P groups for determination of brain water content, high-mobility group box 1 ( HMGB1) expression and NF-κB activity, and microscopic examination. Results The brain water content and NF-kB activity were significantly increased, and HMGB1 expression was up-regulated in group L as compared to group C (P ＜ 0.05) . The brain water content, expression of HMGB1 and NF-kB activity were significantly lower in group P than in group L ( P ＜ 0.05) . The microscopic examination showed that brain injury was attenuated in group P compared with group L. The brain water content was positively correlated with the HMGB1 expression and NF- κB activity (r = 0.692 and 0.769 respectively, P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Propofol can reduce the LPS- induced brain injury by reducing inflammatory response of the brain tissues.

Objective To establish a HPLC determination method for the effective constituents extracted from Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis by low-temperature water extraction.Methods The assay was conducted on Kromasil C18 column(250 mm? 4.6 mm,5 ? m)using a gradient elution with acetonitrile-water as mobile phase.The flow rate was set at 1.0 mL/min,column temperature was kept at 30 ℃,and the detection wavelength was at 240 nm.Results The linear range for schizandrol A was 5.0～ 200.0 ? g/mL(r=0.999 9),and the average recovery was 101.27 % with RSD being 1.97 %(n=6).Conclusion The method is simple,reliable and reproducible for the determination of schizandrol A.It can be used for quality control of preparations including Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis.

Denture stomatitis is one of the most common problems appearing after patients wearing removable dentures,which appears more frequently in maxillary complete dentures. The clinical symptom is that the mucosa of the stress-bearing area of denture base broadly gets red,and forms the boundary diffusion erythema. Sometimes when the surface of denture base and the mucosa of stress-bearing area are not close well,some granules will be found at the surface of the erythema. With the world's gradually stepping into the aging society,the number of people who have to wear removable dentures is increasing,because dentition defect or edentulous affected by any reasons. As a result,how to solve the secondary disease such as denture stomatitis is becoming a hot spot which more and more researchers concern about. This paper summaries the development of prevention of denture stomatitis in prosthetic area via selection of base materials,manufacture of denture,sterilization of denture,and improvement of base.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between Toxoplasma infection and schizophrenia by comparing the clinical symptoms between the antitoxoplasma-seropositive and seronegative patients with schizophrenia.Methods: Six hundred cases of first-episode schizophrenia were examined the serum reactivity to IgG antitoxoplasma antibody by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). And the clinical symptoms of the schizophrenic patients were scored by use of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results: Compared to IgG-seronegative schizophrenia, IgG-seropositive schizophrenia group was higher in the positive subscale score, the positive component score, the excitement component score, and the cognitive component score(20.8?4.2与19.4?3.4,P

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of laparoscopic radical trachelectomy combined with laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy in the treatment of early-stage cervical carcinoma.Methods Six women with early-stage cervical carcinoma demanding the preservation of child-bearing potentials were treated from April 2003 to April 2005.Laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy was carried out for frozen-section examinations.Once a negative finding was established,the ureter was divided and the cardinal ligament was severed,with the uterine arteries and the round ligament preserved.Then transvaginal procedures of amputation of cervix,resection of superior vagina 2 cm in length,and corpus-vagina anastomosis were performed.Results The operation time was 75~150 min(mean,120 min),and the estimated blood loss was 100~250 ml(mean,150 ml).No complications were found.Normal menses was recorded 1 month after operation.Follow-up for 5~24 months(mean,14.6 months) found no recurrence in all the 6 patients.Conclusions Laparoscopic radical trachelectomy combined with pelvic lymphadenectomy is a feasible method for early-stage cervical carcinoma in patients with child-bearing demands.