Objective To evaluate ultrasound-guided posterior approach to intercostal block for herpetic neuralgia. Methods Forty-eight patients with herpetic neuralgia after appearance of rashes on the back of chest (the coursc ＜ 30 days) aged 56-84 yr received intercostal block performed via posterior approach under the guidance of ultrasound with a mixture of 0.75% ropivacaine, glucocorticoid and methylene blue. Pain was assessed with visual analogue scale (VAS) before block and at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after block. Pain relief (PAR) was cal-culated (PAR= (VAS score before block- VAS score after block) ÷ VAS score before block × 100%). Results No patient developed dyspnea and pneumothorax. VAS scores were reduced significantly, quality of life was improved and PAR increased at 1, 2, 4 ancl 8 weeks after block ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01). Concluslon Ultracound-guided posterior approach to intercostal block is safe and effective for the treatment of herpetic neuralgia.

OBJECTIVEStudy on the antibacterial activity of Viola yedoensis and the antibacterial active compounds.

METHODThe chemical compositions were isolated by means of solvent extraction, column chromatography on silica gel, sephadex LH-20 and crystallization. The antibacterial activities were tested by Neo-Sensitab disk-diffusion method, nephelometric analysis and plating method.

RESULTOne new compound (4) along with three known compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time and were identified as aesculetin (1), 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin (2), scopoletin (3) and 5-methoxy-7-hydroxymethylcoumarin (4), respectively. All the compounds showed antibacterial and antibactericidal activities at varying degree on Streptococcus Aureas, S. agalactiae, S. uberis, S. dysgalactiae, E. coli and Salmonella, of which 1 was most active with 0.031- 0.313 g x L(-1) of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and 0.313 - 0.625 g x L(-1) of minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC).

CONCLUSIONViola yedoensis has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity on animal pathogenic bacteria, and coumarins may be the main antibacterial activity ingredients.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Bacteria ; drug effects ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Viola ; chemistry

Objective:To investigate the current status of knowledge, attitude and behavior of primary caregivers about aspiration prevention in high-risk aspiration patients and to analyze its influencing factors so as to provide a basis for formulating the health education and continuous nursing intervention in high-risk aspiration patients.Methods:From July 2018 to December 2018, we selected 232 primary caregivers of high-risk aspiration patients at a ClassⅢ Grade A hospital in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, by convenience sampling. All care givers were investigated with the Aspiration Prevention Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Questionnaire for the Inpatient Caregiver. We also analyzed the influencing factors of aspiration prevention knowledge, attitude and behavior.Results:Finally, a total of 220 valid questionnaires were collected with 94.83% for the valid recovery rate. Among 220 primary caregivers, scores of aspiration prevention knowledge, attitude and behavior were (31.41±9.99) , (45.83±5.19) and (40.57±8.92) respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the aspiration prevention knowledge of caregivers had positive correlations with the attitude ( r=0.425, P<0.01) and the behavior ( r=0.554, P<0.01) , the attitude also had a positive correlation with the behavior ( r=0.472, P<0.01) . Single factor analysis showed that there were statistical differences in the scores of aspiration prevention knowledge and behavior among caregivers with different ages, genders, relationships with patients, care experience, care years and whether caregivers had been trained ( P<0.05) ; there were also statistical differences in the score of aspiration prevention attitude among caregivers with different ages, relationships with patients, care years and whether caregivers had been trained ( P<0.05) . Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the influencing factors of aspiration prevention knowledge of caregivers included the ages, care experience and whether caregivers had been trained with statistical differences (Standardized regression coefficients were -0.173, -0.181, -0.337; P<0.05) ; the influencing factor of aspiration prevention attitude of caregivers was the ages with a statistical difference (The standardized regression coefficient was -0.179, P<0.01) . Conclusions:Primary caregivers of high-risk aspiration patients have a good aspiration prevention attitude, a medium level of behavior their knowledge needs to be improves. Nurses should pay more attention to the aspiration prevention care of caregivers with no care experience, untrained and non-middle age.

Objective:To study the distribution of drug resistance genes and virulence genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium strains.Methods:A total of 96 strains of Salmonella typhimurium were collected，and drug sensitivity tests were performed to evaluate the drug resistance and multidrug-resistance of Salmonella typhimurium.Multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium strains were selected to conducted whole genome sequencing，and the distribution of drug resistance genes and virulence genes in the strain were analyzed.Results:Salmonella typhimurium strains had the highest resistance rates to ampicillin and ampicillin/sulbactam，with 89.58% and 76.04%，respectively.Followed by trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole，ceftriaxone，and aztreonam，with 47.92%，38.54% and 33.33%，respectively，and low resistance rates to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin，with 8.33% and 4.17%，respectively.Ninety-six strains were all sensitive to carbapenem antibiotics and piperacillin/tazobactam.Fifty-seven strains（59.38%）of Salmonella typhimurium showed multidrug-resistance.Resistance genes were detected in all 57 multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium strains,with higher carrier rates of 98.25%,77.19%,and 59.65% for aac(6')-Iaa,aadA22,and blaTEM-1B,respectively.The multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium strains had the highest carrier rates for invA，sipA，sseL，and sopB.Conclusion:Multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium strains have a high incidence and a high carrier rate for multiple drug resistance genes and virulence genes.The monitoring and prevention of Salmonella typhimurium should be strengthened in the clinic in order to reduce the spreading epidemic of multidrug-resistant strains.