OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of Gentiana scabra in Qingre jiedu oral solution. METHODS: HPLC method was established to determine the content of gentiamarin in the oral solution. 299 batches of Qingre jiedu oral solution in circulation were measured and evaluated. RESULTS: Developed HPLC method is simple and reliable. The quality of Qingre jiedu oral solution in circulation is not satisfied. CONCLUSION: Great importance should be attached to the manufacture procedures monitoring of Qingre jiedu oral solution and quality control of G. scabra.

BACKGROUND:It is wel-known that mechanical stimulation could promote fracture healing. However, what kind of mechanical stimulation induced by treadmil exercise can increase the bone conductibility of bone material and promote the healing of bone defect is stil unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the influence of indirect mechanical stimulation produced by treadmil exercise on bone defect healing and osteogenesis of bone materials.
METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats at 12 weeks old were used in this study to establish a bone defect of 3 mm in diameter and height at the left distal femur. Afterwards, calcium sulphate scaffolds were implanted into the defects. The rats were divided into treadmil exercise group and control group. Treadmil exercise was began at 1 week postoperatively, 10 m/min, 45 minutes per day, 5 days per week, for 3 weeks. Control group did not receive any exercise. Micro-computed tomography was used to determine bone formation in the bone defects at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after surgery. The sections of left distal femur were subject to hematoxylin-eosin staining, the new bone formation and degradation of bone materials in the bone defects were observed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Micro-CT analysis showed that, a smal amount of new bone formed in both treadmil exercise group and control group at 1 week after surgery. In treadmil exercise group, new bone formation was significantly higher than the control group at 2, 3, 4 weeks (P<0.05). At 4 weeks, histological results also confirmed the difference of new bone formation in bone defect between treadmil exercise group and control group. In addition, bone mineral density of treadmil exercise group was higher than that of control group at 2, 3, 4 weeks, but no significant difference was found (P>0.05). The results suggest that moderate treadmil exercise could promote bone defect healing and enhance osteoconductivity of bone substitute.

BACKGROUND:Different mechanical stimulations may have an effect on the level of metabolism of chondrocytes, but the effect is not clear.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate expression level changes in metabolic genes that participate in cartilage cel decomposition and synthesis under compressive stress and tensile stress conditions.
METHODS:We obtained articular chondrocytes from 2-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Primary cultured chondrocytes were identified. Passage one chondrocytes received cyclic tensile stress and cyclic compressive stress of 3%and 7%, respectively, so as to measure articular changes in chondrocytes-related genes.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:When chondrocytes were subjected to cyclic tensile stress of 3%, synthetic metabolic gene col agen types I and II and proteoglycan mRNA expression levels were decreased. If 3%cyclic compressive stress was applied, proteoglycan mRNA expression levels were increased, and type I col agen mRNA expression levels were decreased (P<0.001), and matrix metal oproteinase-13 mRNA expression levels were reduced (P<0.01). When strain reached 7%, cyclic tensile stress and compressive stress could lead to a general decrease in anabolism-related genes. The former could also make matrix metal oproteinase-13 mRNA expression levels increased (P<0.05). 3%cyclic compression ratio and 3%cyclic stretch made cytoskeleton become oval. These results indicated that in vitro, proper cyclic compressive stress is beneficial to maintain the growth characteristics of articular chondrocytes in rats. Smal tensile stress can decrease the synthesis ability of chondrocytes. The effect of stress may be caused by changing the cytoskeleton.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of recombinant human endostatin combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy for advanced non small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC) . Methods Electronic databases including the Cochrane library, PubMed, the Chinese biomedical literature database, China national knowledge internet(,EMbase,VIP and Wanfang database system were searched,until August,2013. The inclusion criteria was efficacy and safety studies of randomized controlled clinical studies in which recombinant human endostatin combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy was compared with concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone for patients with advanced NSCLC. Cochrane handbook 5. 1. 0 was applied in evaluating the quality of included trials and RevMan 5. 1. 0 software was used for data analysis.Results Five studies including 217 cases of advanced NSCLC were included. The results of the meta-analysis exhibited that compared with concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone, recombinant human endostatin combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy could increase effective rate [OR=2. 62,95%CI(1. 41,4. 86),P=0. 002]. But there were no significant differences in clinical benefit rate [OR=2. 08,95%CI(0. 92,4. 73),P=0. 08],one year survival rate [OR=1. 18,95%CI(0. 53,2. 66),P=0. 68], improvement in quality of life [OR=1. 57,95%CI(0. 40,6. 07),P=0. 52],rate of leucopenia [OR=1. 25,95%CI(0. 72,2. 17), P=0.43],radioactive esophagitis [OR=1. 16,95%CI(0. 42,3. 21),P=0. 77] and radiation pneumonitis [OR=2. 47,95%CI (0. 34,17. 68),P=0. 37]. Conclusion Compared with concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone,recombinant human endostatin combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy may be more effective for advanced NSCLC,whereas improvement of life quality and toxicities are similar. For the quality restriction and possible publication bias of the included studies,more high quality randomized controlled trials are required to further verify this conclusion.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the local drug resistance spectrum antibiotics and foreign guideline in the treatment of patients with community acquired pneumonia(CAP). Methods A prospective,randomized,single blind,and positive drug parallel controlled design was used in the treatment. CAP patients with no underlying disease outpatients and inpatients<48 hours were selected as the research object. The patients in the trial group were given sensitive local drug resistance spectrum antibiotics: moxifloxacin,400 mg and 1 times a day. The patients in the control group were given azithromycin tablets(each 500 mg,once daily) promulgated by the 2007 version of the IDSA / ATS adult CAP guideline. Results There were 106 cases of CAP patients,of which 77 cases completed treatment,including 39 cases in the experimental group and 38 cases in the control group. There were significant differences in the clinical efficacy and bacterial clearance rate between the two groups,with the clinical efficacy of 89.7% and 68.4%(P < 0.01),the bacterial clearance rate of 87.9% and 54.5%(P < 0.05),respectively. Conclusion The clinical efficacy of drug resistant spectrum sensitive antibiotics in the treatment of CAP in Kunming was better than that of IDSA/ATS. Clinicians should pay attention to the characteristics and composition of resistance of common pathogenic bacteria in our country during the study and reference from foreign guideline,and adjust the therapeutic regimen according to the changes of the local drug resistance monitoring data rather than copy the recommended treatment plan by foreign countries.

Objective To study the role of Anopheles anthropophagus in malaria transmission and transmission threshold so as to provide basis for vector surveillance and malaria control strategy. Methods Parasitological and entomological methods were used in the investigation at 5 villages of Xinyang City, Henan Province. Results From July to August, 1999, 74 febrile cases (10\^9% of the total population) were examined. Among them 50 were infected, the incidence in the population of surveyed spots was 7\^4%. Active detection was made in another randomly selected two villages and found that the parasite rate in the inhabitants was 2\^0%, and the positive rate of IFA was 8\^4%. Only vivax malaria was detected. An.anthropophagus and An.sinensis were collected, with An.anthropophagus as the predominant one in human dwellings. The estimated man\|biting rate and the human blood index were 4\^9388 and 0\^7858 respectively. The vectorial capacity of An. anthropophagus was 5\^5296. The critical man\|biting rate of An.anthropophagus was 0\^2407 as calculated by the formula (ma=-rlnP/abP\+n) according to Macdonald′s model.The local man\|biting rate was 20 times higher than that of the critical man\|biting rate. Conclusion The results demonstrated that An.anthropophagus is the principal vector in malaria transmission in the area. The findings imply that the critical man\|biting rate is of practicable importance in vector surveillance.

Ribosomes are abundant,large RNA-protein complexes that are the sites of all protein synthesis in cells.Defects in ribosomal proteins(RPs),including proteoforms arising from genetic variations,alternative splicing of RNA transcripts,post-translational modifications and alterations of protein expression level,have been linked to a diverse range of diseases,including cancer and aging.Comprehensive character-ization of ribosomal proteoforms is challenging but important for the discovery of potential disease biomarkers or protein targets.In the present work,using E.coli 70S RPs as an example,we first developed a top-down proteomics approach on a Waters Synapt G2 Si mass spectrometry(MS)system,and then applied it to the HeLa 80S ribosome.The results were complemented by a bottom-up approach.In total,50 out of 55 RPs were identified using the top-down approach.Among these,more than 30 RPs were found to have their N-terminal methionine removed.Additional modifications such as methylation,acetylation,and hydroxylation were also observed,and the modification sites were identified by bottom-up MS.In a HeLa 80S ribosomal sample,we identified 98 ribosomal proteoforms,among which multiple truncated 80S ribosomal proteoforms were observed,the type of information which is often overlooked by bottom-up experiments.Although their relevance to diseases is not yet known,the integration of top-down and bottom-up proteomics approaches paves the way for the discovery of proteoform-specific disease biomarkers or targets.

Objective To investigate the nursing of the adult recipients who accept children organ donations after cardiac death(DCD)complicated with portal venous thrombosis after liver transplantation. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 1 case completed in 2015 related to the adult recipients who accept children organ donations after cardiac death with portal venous thrombosis after liver transplantation in clinical situation,in view of the portal vein thrombosis of portal vein catheter thrombolysis,portal vein carotid stenting, close observation and nursing are used for patients′condition change. Results After positive clinical therapy and careful nursing,portal venous thrombolysis effect is good, and portal venous blood flowing after carotid stenting,clinical symptoms were alleviated. The liver function recovered well after surgery, and the patient discharged successfully,followed by regular visits from the hospital. Conclusions Children organ donations after cardiac death for liver can be successfully applied in the adult recipients,but the understanding of related complications after surgery need to be strengthened.The symptom observation,early detection,active nursing intervention,are conducive to the prognosis of patients.

Objective:A rat model of excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) was constructed to investigate the impact of EGWG on fetal hepatic lipid metabolism and the relevant regulatory mechanism.Methods:Healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were caged together and tested for pregnancy.Rats with the sperm observed under microscope were considered pregnant for 0.5 days.Pregnant rats were divided into the normal diet (ND) group and high-fat diet (HFD) group by the random number table method, with 8 rats in each group.The body weight during pregnancy of the pregnant rats was recorded.Cesarean section was performed at day 21.5 of gestation and the birth weight of the fetal rats was recorded.Hepatic lipid deposition of the pregnant and fetal rats was examined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and oil red O staining.Triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (TC) levels in livers and serum of the pregnant and fetal rats were detected by glycerol phosphate oxidase-peroxidase(GPO-PAP) method.The mRNA and protein expression levels of key genes FASN and SREBP1c in hepatic lipid metabolism of fetal rats were measured by real-time polyme-rase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot.Differences between the two groups were compared by independent sample t test. Results:There was no difference in pre-pregnancy body weight between the HFD group and the ND group, but the differences in the weight and the weight gain during pregnancy gradually enlarged between the two groups.At day 21.5 of gestation, the weight of the pregnant rats[(467.75±22.05) g vs.(430.88±18.80) g, t=-3.600, P=0.003], the weight gain of the pregnant rats during pregnancy[(181.50±9.68) g vs.(148.50±10.86) g, t=-6.415, P<0.001] and the birth weight of the fetal rats[(5.51±0.17) g vs.(4.85±0.35) g, t=-4.779, P<0.001] of the HFD group were significantly higher than those of the ND group.Both HE staining and oil red O staining presented increased hepatic lipid deposition in the pregnant and fetal rats of the HFD group.The hepatic and serum TG and TC levels of the pregnant and fetal rats of the HFD group were significantly higher than those of the ND group (all P<0.05). RT-PCR and Western blot showed that the mRNA and protein levels of key genes FASN and SREBP1c in hepatic lipid metabolism of fetal rats of the HFD group were significantly higher than those of the ND group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:An EGWG model can be successfully constructed by a 21-day HFD during pregnancy.EGWG can lead to hepatic lipid deposition in the fetal rats.The mechanism may be related to the expression changes of key genes FASN and SREBP1c in hepatic lipid metabolism of fetal rats.