Objective To evaluate the relationship between osteoporosis(OP) and the age of menarche and menopause,parity and lactation and bone mineral density(BMD).Methods BMD was measured in 1472 postmenopausal women by Norland XR-36 dual energy Xray absorptiometry(DXA) from May 1999 to April 2003 in our hospital.All data of BMD were compared and statistically analyzed between women with different age of menarche and menopause,parity and lactation period.The diagnostic criteria of osteoporosis was defined by a loss of BMD greater than 2.5 standard deviations below average peak BMD of young adult women.Results In all 1472 subjects,the incidence of osteoporsis is 58.5%(861/1472).There was significant increase in osteoporosis of lumbar spine in women with the age of menarche≥17(119 out of 336 cases were with osteoporosis in lumbar)compared with women with age of menarche≤13(75 out of 276 cases were with osteoporosis in lumbar).In women with menarche age of 11-13,14-16,17-19,lumbar vertebral(L_(2-4)) BMD values were(0.83?0.16),(0.82?0.16),(0.80?0.14) g/cm~2,respectively.There was significant increase in BMD of lumbar in the menarche age group of 11-13 compared with the age group of 17-19 in women within menopause 1-10 years(P

One hundred forty cases were treated with Fuwei decoction, with a control group treated by Weimeisu and Sanjiuweitai. The effective rates were 93. 3% and 74. 3% respectively. Pathological exams showed that, in the treatment group the afective rates of atrophic gastric mucosa enterization and heterohyperlasia were 88. 6%, 86. 6% and control group were 72. 4% and 19. 4% respectively. with significant difference between all groups, demonstrating the definite efficacy of Fuweitang on these ailments.

To understand the status of the knowledge and skills of the medical staff by using the questionnaire,the authors analyzed the differences and inadequate ness of the first-aid knowledge and skills among the hospital's new recruits to explore how to carry out a targeted first-aid knowledge and skills training.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of the treatment of lumbar spine steno-sis by modified unilateral approach for bilateral decompression under microendoscope.Method:217 cases with degenerative lumbar spine stenosis from September 2003 to December 2008 were treated by modified unilater-al approach for bilateral decompression of central spinal canal and nerve root canal under microendoscope.A-mong them laminectomy of one segment was done in 163 cases,two segments were done in 54 cases.After surgery,the routine radiograph were carried out and the Nakai criterion was used for assessment.Result:The mean operative time was 48±13min (range,25 to 95min),the average blood loss was 37±9ml (range,25 to 180ml),the average skin incision length was 2.2±0.2cm(1.8 to 2.4cm).2 cases had dural matter tearing,which healed after filling with gelatin foam and 2 weeks bed rest,after that no cerebrospinal fluid leakage was noted after surgery.Mislocation was noted in 1 case.No nerve inury and postoperative infection oceurred.Postoperative CT scan demonstrated complete decompression of the central spinal canal and nerve root canal.All patients were followed-up for an average of 14 months (range,3 months to 24 months).The Nakai criterion at final follow-up showed clinical excellent in 134 cases,good in 63 cases,fair in 16 cases and worse in 4 cases, with the excellent and good rate of 90.8%.No lumbar spine instability was noted.Conclusion:Treatment of de-generative lumbar spine stenosis by modified unilateral approach for bilateral decompression under mieroendo-scope has the merit of minimal invasive,less complications and reliable therapeutical effect.

Objective To investigate the pain level and its influential factors in patients after operation of hepatobiliary surgery. Methods 120 patients were evaluated with the demographic data, State Trait Anxiety Inventory Form (STAI) , Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) , Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Results The highest pain level was within 2h in patients after the operation,then decreased gradually,but its still in the moderate level until 72h after the operation;the pain scores of the PCIA group were lower than the control group ( 2h, 12h after the operation) (P ＜ 0.05, (P ＜ 0. 01 ). The preoperative state anxiety (S-AI) scores were higher than the norm (P＜0. 01 ). The psychoticism Personality characteristics influents the postoperative pain ( 12h,24h after the operation); there were positively correlations between P and VAS (12h, 1week after the operation). The analgesia methods influent the postoperative pain(2h,48h after the operation). The S-AI influents the postoperative pain (2h-48h after the operation) ,there were positively correlations between S-AI and VAS (2 ～ 72h after the operation). The social support influents the postoperative pain (48h after the operation); there were negatively correlations between PSSS score and VAS (48h ,72h and 1 week after the operation). The age and occupation of the patients influent the postoperative pain. Conclusion There was serious pain in patients after operation of hepatobiliary. The preoperative S-AI ,the psychoticism personality characteristics, analgesic modalities, social support, age, occupation of patients are influential factors of pain in patients after abdominal operation.

0.05). The effect of group A was better than that of group B in relieving symptoms and improving routine blood and urine examination indexes, MG and urinary creatinine levels, blood lipid content and renal function (P

Objective To investigate the difference in the incidence of postextubation throat complications between severe patients treated with methylprednisolone intravenously with and without budesonide suspension inhalation immediately after postextubation.Methods 75 patients with tracheal intubation were divided into group A (n=36,patients received methylprednisolone 40 mg intravenously before extubation) and group B (n=39,patients received methylprednisolone 40 mg intravenously before extubation and budesonide suspension inhalation 1 mg immediately after extubation).Postextubation thoat complications including sore throat,hoarseness and laryngeal edema were observed in the two groups.Clinical efficacies in the two groups were analyzed.Results The incidences of sore throat,hoarseness and laryngeal edema after extubation were 50.0％ (18/ 36),55.6％ (20/36) and 5.6％ (2/36) respectively in group A and 30.8％ (12/39),35.7％ (14/ 39) and 2.6％ (1/39) respectively in group B.There were no significant differences in the incidences of sore throat,hoarseness and laryngeal edema after extubation between the two groups,but the tendencies of complication incidences were decreased in group B as compared with group A.Conclusions The application of intravenous methylprednisolone before extubation and budesonide suspension inhalation after extubation can reduce the incidences of sore throat,hoarseness and laryngeal edema after extubation.

Objective Rapamycin (RAPA) is an anti-proliferative immunosuppressant and has been used to suppress rejection of transplanted organs. In present study, we observed the effect of rapamycin on epithelial-myofibroblast transition (EMT)of cultured HKC cells in vitro. Methods Cultured human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HKCs) were divided into three groups: blank control, treated with TGF-?1 (1 ?g/L) and treated with TGF-?1 (1 ?g/L) plus rapamycin (0.1, 1, 10, 100 ?g/L). The protein and mRNA for ?-SMA and E-cadherin in HKC cells were determined by Western Blot and RT-PCR.The mRNA level of Snail in HKC was detected by RT-PCR. Results Rapamycin dramatically abrogated TGF-?1 induced ?-SMA expression and restored E-cadherin expressionin HKC cells in a dose-dependent manner. At a concentration of 100 ?g/L, rapamycin almost completely blocked ?-SMA mRNA and protein expression induced by TGF-?1(1 ?g/L). Rapamycin also suppressed expression of ?-SMA in HKC cells at both mRNA and protein level in a time dependent manner.We also found rapamycin dramatically abrogated TGF-?1 induced Snail mRNA expression in HKC cells in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Rapamycin may inhibit EMT of tubular cells in vitro. The downregulation of Snail expression might be one of the mechanisms of rapamycin blocking EMT.

Objective:To study the effect of learning plan guidance based on clinical nursing pathway applied in the teaching of surgical nursing.Methods: The nursing specialty students from two classes of grade 2010 were divided into experiment group and control group for the research randomly. Learning plan guidance based on clinical nursing pathway was performed in experiment group, while traditional teaching method was performed in control group. Students were evaluated by teacher during the course; Theoretical examination was carried out after the course. The students in the experiment group were required to fill in questionnaire.Results: Attitude of students in the experiment group is positive. Experimental group was excelled control group obviously in theoretical examination, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).Students in the experiment group made a positive evaluation for teaching effect.Conclusion: Learning plan guidance based on clinical nursing pathway is suit for the reform in teaching of surgical nursing. It can improve the student nurses' comprehensive abilities.

OBJECTIVE: To study the optimum technique for extraction of mixture volatile oil from Olibanam and Sandalwood. METHODS: The orthogonal test was adopted to optimize the extraction process using the yield rate of volatile oil as indicator. RESULTS: The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: powder forming by 10mesh, 10- fold water added, soaking for 10h and extraction for 8h. CONCLUSIONS: This extraction method is simple, efficient and suitable for industria-lized production.