Objective To reveal the status of development and limitations of the nursing master's degree theses in recent 5 years in China. Methods 827 pieces of nursing master's degree theses were selected as research objects collected by CNKI from 2006 to 2010.The information from the theses was collected, i.e. the reason of the research, signature of informed consent form, fund subsidization, quality control,the themes, objects and locations of the research, the type of study designed, method of data collection,statistics methodology etc, and it was described and analyzed by the method of content analysis according to the statistical results. Results The theses developed rapidly in recent 5 years, the scope of the nursing research was expanding, the content of the research was richer, the type of study designed and method of data collection were increasingly complex and diverse, while there were still some shortcomings existing in the reason of the research, ethics issues, quality control and the establishment of sample size. Conclusions The scientific research of the nursing postgraduates develops steadily and rapidly, but their research consciousness needs to be strengthened.

The different types of penis thickening hydraulic filling materials have the advantage and disadvantage. The natural biological tissue material for own organization is convenient,avirulent,nonirritant,with good histocompatibility,without rejection,but has the transplant fat absorption,margin scar at donor site,and poor long-term appearance. Synthesized biological material silica gel phantom presented strong plasticity,could not affect by organism metabolism,absorption and degeneration,but had shortcomings,such as the feeling of foreign body,and skin infection. Varicosity polytetrafluoroethylene presented good histocompatibility,soft material,easy to be shaping,but high cost. The polyacrylamide hydrogel and the polymethyl acrylic acid methyl ester presented good histocompatibility,could not cause the immune response,easy to inject,but the shortcoming was easy to form the induration,but if had the complication to be very difficult to take out. Tissue engineered material was presently the key point in penis thickening research,but its research still occupied the start stage. The most reports were only at the laboratory stage. It requires some times for domestic application. This study summarized the penis thickening hydraulic filling materials,and analyzed the application of various filling materials in penis thickening technique.

Acute laryngeal obstruction is one of the most common diseases in Department of ENT, and it can cause suffocation without prompt treatment. Methods by using Nasopharyngofiberoscope guided tracheal intubation treatment of a case of acute laryngeal obstruction patients in a timely manner. This method is well tolerated, less trauma, high success rate, in the shortest time to improve the patient's ventilation, for the next step of the treatment to win the time.
Airway Obstruction ; surgery ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Larynx ; physiopathology

Objective To analyze the relationship of the expression level of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2, c-erbB-2) of breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) with ultrasonographic characteristics. Methods Totally 104 patients with IDCs confirmed pathologically were involved in this study. ER, PR and c-erbB-2 expression in the IDC specimens was determined by immunohistochemical staining technique. The correlation between the ultrasonographic features and the positive expression of ER, PR or c-erbB-2 was analyzed. Results The positive expression rate of ER and PR in the group with tumor spiculation sign and posterior acoustic attenuation was higher than that in the group without. The positive expression rate of ER differed significantly (P<0.05) while that of PR did not (P>0.05). The over-expression rate of c-erbB-2 in the group of microcalcification, sufficient blood flow and axillary lymph node metastasis was higher than that in the group of non-microcalcification, deficient blood flow or without axillary lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The expression of ER, PR and c-erbB-2 was not related to the size of tumor (P>0.05). Conclusion The expression of ER and c-erbB-2 is closely related to the ultrasonographic characteristics of IDC, which may, to some extent, reflect the expression level of ER and c-erbB-2.

AIM: To investigate the immunomodulatory effect of pachyman polysaccharides (PPS) on T helper 17 cell (Th17)/regulatory T cell (Treg) balance in the peripheral blood of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.METHODS: The CD4+ T cells were isolated from the peripheral blood samples obtained from 45 SLE patients and 35 healthy controls enrolled in our study using magnetic bead separation method.The proportions of Th17 and Treg cells were measured by flow cytometry.The CD4+ T cells from SLE patients and healthy controls were treated with PPS.The cytoto-xicity of PPS was evaluated by detecting cell viability with MTT assay.The contents of interleukin-17 (IL-17), IL-6, IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were measured by ELISA.The expression of retinoid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) and forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3) at mRNA and protein levels was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively.RESULTS: The Th17 cells were significantly elevated, while Treg cells were obviously decreased in the SLE patients compared with the healthy control group (P<0.05).Compare with control group, the contents of IL-17 and IL-6 were decreased, while the contents of IL-10 and TGF-β were increased (P<0.05).The expression of RORγt at mRNA and protein levels was down-regulated and the expression of Foxp3 was up-regulated (P<0.05).The ratio of Th17/Treg was decreased in 100 μg/L nontoxic PPS-treated CD4+ T cells isolated from the SLE patients (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: PPS treatment inhibits Th17 cells and elevates Treg cells in the CD4+ T cells isolated from SLE patients, which may have a therapeutic effect on SLE patients.

Objective The study aimed to discuss the scientific property and feasibility of back measurement of neonates' temperature. Methods Three measurement methods(axillary,under the jaw and the back) were adopted to measure the temperature for 100 neonates for 7,10 and 30 minutes.The tempera-ture measured by rectum for 3 minutes was set as the control. Results . Temperature by back measure-merit was not different from that measured by other methods in the same time period,P ＞ 0.05.Temperature by back measurement for 7,10 and 30 minutes was not different from that measured by rectum for 3 min-utes,P ＞ 0.05. Temperature by back measurement for 7,10 minutes for neonates using radiation rescue plat-form and warm case was not different from that measured by rectum,P ＞ 0.05.Temperature measured by ax-illary and under the jaw for 30 minutes was different from that measued by rectum, P ＜ 0.05.While temper-ature by back measurement for 30 minutes was not different from that measured by rectum,P ＞ 0.05.Conclusions Back measurement of temperature as well as by axillary and the jaw could be used in pedi-atric department.h could accurately obtain the real temperature of neonates and was not influenced by radi-ation rescue platform and warm case.Besides,it reduced the workload of nurses and was safe,effective,simple,practical and worth applying widely in clinic.

Objective To observe the effects of statins on ATP-binding cassette transporter 1(ABCA1) gene expression in neurons and astrocytes.Methods Primary human astrocytes and neuron cell line HCN-2 were incubated with simvastatin and pravastatin at different concentrations and under different conditions.Using RNA isolated from the cultured cells,we performed quantitative PCR to measure the ABCA1 gene expression in astrocytes and neurons.The protein expression of ABCA1 was measured by Western blot.Results The two statins significantly decreased the ABCA1 gene and protein expressions.Compared with pravastatin,simvastatin significantly reduced the expression of ABCA1 in neurons and astrocytes by 95% and 75%,respectively(both P

Objective To study microvascular density(MVD),DNA ploidy and immunophenotype in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia(PIN) as well as their relationship with its biological properties.Methods We studied paraffin-embedded specimens from 24 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH),23 cases of low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia(LGPIN),and 26 cases of prostatic carcinoma(PC) with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia(HGPIN).Image analysis was used to measure the DNA average ploidy and MVD,and after that the expressions of 34?El2,P63,P504s and CD34 were detected by immunohistochemistry SP.Results DNA ploidy and MVD in PIN were higher than those in BPH,but lower than in PC,and correlation was detected among different grades of PIN.MVD had a positive correlation with DNA aneuploidy in different grades of PIN(P

ObjectiveTo understand the prevalence of maternal anemia and iron deficiency during the second and third trimesters and their relationship with adverse pregnant outcomes.MethodsData of 3 262 gravidas, who received prenatal care and delivered at Drum Tower Hospital from October 1, 2013 to October 31, 2014, were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Blood routine test was performed for all subjects both at the second (20-22 weeks) and third trimesters (38 weeks of gestation or before delivery) using automatic blood analyzer. Moreover, serum ferritin level was determined at the second trimester with microparticle chemiluminescence immunoassay. Treatment was offered to those diagnosed as iron deficiency anemia or severe iron deficiency, and the adverse pregnancy outcomes were analyzed.Chi-square test and TrendChi-square test were performed for statistics.Results(1) Out of the 3 262 women, 601 (18.42%) were diagnosed as anemia at second trimester, among which 444 (73.88%) recovered at the third trimester after proper treatment. However, there were 285 (8.74%) new-onset anemia pregnancies at last trimester. Thus, the total prevalence of anemia in pregnancy was 27.16% (886/3 262). (2) The mean serum ferritin level at the second trimester was (29.40± 30.12) ng/ml, and 1 565 (47.98%) were diagnosed as iron deficiency at the same period. (3) During the mid-term pregnancies, 345 iron deficiency anemic women were identified, which accounted for 57.40% of all anemic cases in this study. Two hundred and fifty out of the 345 women were cured at the third trimester. However, another 206 new-onset iron deficiency anemic pregnancies were identified at the third trimester. For iron deficiency anemia both at mid- and late-term pregnancy, the prevalence was 16.89% (551/3 262), which accounted for 62.19% (551/886) of all anemic patients. (4) There were more women with microcytic hypochromic anemia in the late-trimester than in the mid-trimester [19.93%(60/301) vs 4.93% (17/345),χ2=34.478,P<0.01]. (5) Among women with serum ferritin≥30,≥20- <30,≥10- <20- <10 ng/ml, the prevalence of mild anemia in mid-trimester was 13.33%(142/1 065), 14.40%(91/632), 14.71%(130/884) and 24.82%(169/681), the prevalence of new-onset anemia in the third trimester was 3.94%(42/1 065), 5.85%(37/632), 12.78%(113/884), and 13.66%(93/681) respectively. The lower the serum ferritin level, the higher the prevalence of anemia in the mid-trimester (χ2trend=30.697,P<0.01) and the new-onset anemia in the last trimester (χ2trend=69.871,P<0.01). (6) The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in pregnancies with serum ferritin level at≥10 but <20 ng/ml was significantly higher than those normal one [20.39%(52/255) vs 11.92%(75/629),χ2=10.577,P<0.01]. Neither serum ferritin level nor anemia was associated with other adverse pregnancy outcomes.ConclusionsThe incidences of anemia and iron deficiency remain at a high level at the second and third trimesters. The lower the serum ferritin level at mid-trimester, the higher the incidence of anemia.

Objective To evaluate the effects of biological rhythm disturbance on sedation induced by propofol in rats.Methods Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:circadian rhythm + administration during night-time group (group CN),circadian rhythm + administration during day-time group (group CD),biological rhythm+administration during night-time group (group BN),and biological rhythm+administration during day-time group (group BD).In CN and CD groups,the rats were fed for 2 weeks in the experimental boxes in a 12 (7:00-19:00):12 h (19:00-7:00) light:dark cycle.While the rats were fed for 2 weeks in the experimental boxes in a 24 h light cycle.Propofol 75 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 14:00 in CN and BN groups,or at 22:00 in CD and BD groups.The duration of loss of righting reflex was recorded.At 20 min after recovery of righting reflex,the cognitive function was assessed.The latency of passive avoidance was measured at 6,12,24 and 48 h after training.Results Compared with group CN,the duration of loss of righting reflex was significantly shortened,and the latency of passive avoidance was prolonged at 12 and 24 h after training in group CD,and the duration of loss of righting reflex and latency of passive avoidance at 12 and 24 h after training were shortened in group BN.Compared with group CD,no significant change was found in the duration of loss of righting reflex,and the latency of passive avoidance was significantly shortened at 24 h after training in group BD.There was no significant change between BN group and BD group in the duration of loss of righting reflex and latency of passive avoidance.Conclusion Biological rhythm disturbance can counteract circadian rhythmproduced effects on sedation induced by propofol in rats.