To investigate the relationships among plasma secreted frizzled-related protein ( sfrp) 5 level and body fat parameters, glucolipid metabolism, insulin resistance index, and inflammation. 89 subjects with normal glucose tolerance(NGT) and 87 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were enrolled and each group was divided into no-obese and obese subgroups. Obesity was defined as body mass index ( BMI)≥25 kg/m2 according to the World Health Organization -Western Pacific Region diagnostic criteria ( 2000 ) . Body fat parameters were measured and BMI, waist-hip ratio were evaluated, meanwhile, the levels of blood glucose-lipid parameters and fasting insulin were also determined. Insulin resistance index ( IR) was assessed by homeostasis model assessment ( HOMA) . The concentrations of plasma sfrp5 and interleukin 6 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma sfrp5 level in T2DM group was significantly lower than that in NGT group [(8. 35±3. 38 vs 11. 35±3. 69)ng/ml, P<0. 01]. The levels of plasma sfrp5 in subjects with obesity were also lower than those in subjects with no-obesity in both NGT and T2DM groups [(9. 46±2. 70 vs 13. 12±3. 62)ng/ml and(6. 70±2. 34 vs 10. 12±3. 45) ng/ml, both P<0. 01]. Plasma concentrations of sfrp5 in T2DM-obese group were significantly lower than that in NGT-obese group(P<0. 01). Correlation analysis showed that plasma sfrp5 levels were negatively correlated with waist-hip ratio, HbA1C, fasting insulin, triglycerides, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, interleukin 6, natural logarithm of HOMA-IR [ln(HOMA-IR)], and BMI(P<0. 01 or P<0. 05). Multiple linear regression showed that ln(HOMA-IR), BMI, triglycerides were independent related factors in influencing the levels of plasma sfrp5 (r2=0. 216, 0. 177, 0. 113, all P<0. 05). Plasma sfrp5 levels were decreased in obesity and T2DM subjects and were correlated with body fat disposition, glucose-lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and inflammation. Lack of sfrp5 may contribute to the pathophysiology of obesity and T2DM.

Objective To explore the relationship between the women menopausal period and metabolic syndrome (MS) .Meth-ods The female residents of Chongqing urban areas above 40 years were selected as the investigation group ,all the subjects were performed the questionnaire survey and the physical examination ,at the same time the biochemical indexes were detected .Finally , 1402 women of natural menopause were included in this study .The study subjects were divided into different groups according to the menopausal period of <5 years ,5- <10 years ,10- <15 years and ≥15 years .The Logistic regression analysis was adopted to analyze the relationship between the menopausal period with MS and its components .Results The MS prevalence in this group was 40 .87% ,and the menopausal period of the women with MS was significantly higher than that without MS (P<0 .05) .The MS prevalences of postmenopausal women in the menopause period of <5 years ,5 - <10 years ,10 - <15 years and ≥15 years were 29 .37% ,34 .29% ,45 .30% and 49 .13% respectively (P<0 .05) .After adjustment for age and BMI (except central obesity ) ,the MS risk in the menopausal period of 10- <15 years and was 1 .54 times of that in the menopausal period of <5 years .The Logis-tic regression analysis showed that BMI and menopausal period were the influence factors of MS .Conclusion Post-menopausal women are the high-risk group of MS and the menopausal period is correlated to MS .

Objective To detect plasma progranulin (PGRN) level in subjects with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus and to investigate the relationship of plasma PGRN level with glycolipid metabolism,inflammation,and insulin resistance.Methods Eighty patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and 88 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were recruited in the study.Both of them were divided into normal weight (NW)subgroup and obesity (OB) subgroup.Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 according to the World Health Organization-Western Pacific Region diagnostic criteria(2000).Body fat parameters were measured and BMI,waist-to-hip ratio were determined.Fasting plasma PGRN and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were determined by ELISA,fasting plasma glucose (FPG),2 h plasma glucose after glucose loading (2hPG),HbA1C,fasting insulin (FINS),and lipids were also detected.Insulin resistance and pancreas β cell function were assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR,HOMA-β).Results Plasma PGRN level was significantly higher in T2DM group than that in NGT group(P＜0.01).Within groups of T2DM and NGT,plasma PGRN level in OB subgroups was higher than that in NW subgroups [(225.22 ± 34.39 vs 195.59 ± 50.47 and 183.79 ± 61.63 vs 148.69 ± 55.27) ng/ml,P＜0.05].Bivariate correlation analysis showed that plasma PGRN level was positively correlated with weight,waist circumference,BMI,systolic blood pressure,FPG,2hPG,HbA1C,triglyceride(TG),IL-6,FINS,and HOMA-IR (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and was negatively correlated with HOMA-β (P＜0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that BMI,HbA1C,IL-6,and TG were independently related to plasma PGRN level(P＜0.05).Conclusions Plasma PGRN level was increased in patients with type 2 diabetes as well as in obesity,and was closely related with glycolipid metabolism,inflammation,and insulin resistance.

Objective To assess the in vitro effect of high intensity narrow-band blue light on bacteria isolated from patients with acne vulgaris (AV). Methods Bacteria were isolated by culture from the acne lesions of 67 patients with mild to moderate AV. Selected bacterial strains were chosen for irradiation with the blue light. The morphology and number of colony formation units (CFUs) as well as the ultrastructure of the bacteria were observed before and after the irradiation. Results Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) (32.4%), P. granulosum (6.9%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) (35.3%), S. aureus (4.9%), S. heamolyticus (7.8%), S.cohnii (1.0%), Corynebacterium spp. (9.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1.0%) and B group Streptococci (1.0%) were isolated from the lesions. In vitro investigation revealed that the irradiation significantly reduced the number of CFUs of P. acne and S. epidermidis. Conclusion High intensity narrow-band blue light is effective against bacteria isolated from AV lesions.

Objective To investigate the relationship between watching television time and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) , type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chongqing City .Methods Population-based cross-sectional study was conducted to investigated the local permanent staff(lived in Chongqing more than 5 years) who were 40 years old or elder in Chongqing City .Results The overall prevalence rate of IGR and T 2DM was 6 .3% ,5 .6% respectively .The average weekly watching TV time of the samples was (12 .3 ± 10 .1) h .After adjusting for possible confounding factors ,the prevalence rate of IGR and T2DM in patients watching TV time >14 h per week was significantly higher than those watching TV time ≤ 7 h per week(Adjust .OR = 1 .528 ,95% CI = 1 .034 - 2 .121 ;OR = 1 .482 ,95% CI = 1 .133 - 2 .047 ,respectively ) .Conclusion Siting and watching TV time were positively correlated with the risk of IGR ,T2DM .So ,we should actively encourage and promote healthy lifestyles to reduce siting and watching TV time .

Objective studyring the proven and probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis(IPA) eases of some hospitals in Shanghai to provide evidence fur the improvement of IPA clinical diagnosis and therapy.Methotis Fortv-nine IPA cases were retrospectively analyzed for demography data,host tactors,underlying conditions.chest CT,microorganism and histopathology examination,as well as therapy and clinical outcome.ResultsOf 49 subjects including 19(38.8%)proven and 30(61.2%)probable IPA,3 pailents(6.1%)had no host factors,25 patients(51.0%)had IPA associated host factors and underlying conditions.while 21 patients(42.9%)had uncertained fundamental diseases.Chest CT evaluation demonstrated that radiological lesions include nodules in 29 patients,patching in 15,mass in 12,consolidation in 10.cavitation in 34,Halo sign in 19,air bronchogram in 18,crescentic sign in 6,bilateral in 33 and multifocal lesions in 38.The yielding rate of fungus culture in sputum was 26.5%(13/49),and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was 66.7%(10/15).Eleven of thirty-six patients(30.6%)had positive results of serum galactomannan antigen tests.Nineteen of twenty-one patients(90.5%)were proven as IPA by lung histologic examinations.Aspergillus fumigatus was the most common pathogen 81.0%(17/21).The responding rate to initial anti-fugus therapy wag 50%(21/42).Conclusion Our study suggests that in IPA patients,bilateral,muhifocal and nodular lesion could be the most common radiological characteristic,while Halo and crescentic sign occar occasionally.Invasive technologies are more valuable to IPA diagnosis.

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics, virological and histopathological features, clinical outcome of Epstein-Barr virus-positive lymphoproliferative disease (EBV⁺LPD) in children. Methods: The clinical and follow-up data of 13 children histopathologically diagnosed as EBV⁺LPD in the Department of Infectious Disease of Beijing Children's Hospital between January 2011 and December 2016 were summarized. Results: Of the 13 patients, 5 were males and 8 females. The median age of disease onset was 6.0 years (range 1.3 to 15.0 years). The median duration between disease onset and diagnosis was 3 months (range 1 to 24 months). All the 13 patients had fever, 9 cases had hepatosplenomegaly and lymphoadenopathy, 4 cases had only lymphoadenopathy, 7 cases had reduced peripheral blood cells, 7 cases had lung involvement, 3 cases had central nervous system involvement, 3 cases had cardiac involvement, 3 cases had intestinal involvement, 2 cases had skin involvement and 1 case had abdominal mass. All the 13 patients underwent whole blood EBV-DNA PCR examination and the copies ranged from 1×10⁸/L to 1×10¹¹/L. Pathology of lymph node confirmed 6 cases, skin pathology confirmed 2 cases, lung pathology, ileum mucosa pathology, liver pathology, abdominal mass pathology and bone marrow pathology confirmed 1 case each. Among 13 patients, 9 cases presented with EBV-positive T cell lymphoproliferative disease(EBV⁺ T-LPD), 2 cases with hydroa vacciniforme (HV) and 2 cases with EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (EBV⁺ DLBCL) . All the patients were followed up for 2 days to 65 months after discharge. Among 9 cases of EBV⁺T-LPD, 1 case died in a short time, 1 case died after evolved to T-cell lymphoma, 2 cases recovered after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, 1 case recovered after the chemotherapy of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis(HLH) 2004 protocol and 4 cases were stable now. Of 2 cases of HV patients, 1 case died after evolved to HV like lymphoma and the other still have symptoms. Among 2 cases of EBV⁺ DLBCL, 1 case died shortly after discharge and the other was still stable after chemotherapy. Conclusions Chronic recurrent fever, lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly are the most common clinical manifestations in children with EBV⁺LPD. Involvement of lung, central nervous system, intestinal tract, skin and other organs are also involved frequently. For children with chronic fever of unknown cause and accompanied by lymphadenopathy and (or) hepatosplenomegaly, EBV ⁺ LPD should be considered highly when the whole blood EBV-DNA load continues to increase significantly, early biopsy of the proliferative lesion should be performed to make a definite diagnosis. The prognosis of EBV ⁺ LPD is poor, and some evolve to lymphoma, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an effective way to treat this disease.

Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby) Downson is a quarantine pest for importing plants to China that causes leaf scald bacterial disease on sugarcane. X. albilineans produces a potent phytotoxin/antibiotic called albicidin. As a pathogenic factor, albicidin causes typical white leaf stripes by inhibiting plastid DNA gyrase and disturbing chloroplast differentiation. Meanwhile, the antibacterial activity of albicidin gives X. albilineans a competitive advantage against rival bacteria during their colonization. Furthermore, albicidin has a rapid bactericidal activity against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria of human species at nanomolar concentrations, making it a potential antimicrobial drug for clinical application. This article reviews the advances of albicidin from the aspects of its molecular structure, traditional extraction methods, mechanism of action, biosynthetic genes and processes, chemical synthesis method and improvement, in order to provide insights into the prevention and treatment of the sugarcane leaf scald disease, and the development of new antibiotics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology* ; China ; Humans ; Organic Chemicals ; Xanthomonas/genetics*

Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) family is important for production of volatile aromatic compounds and synthesis of plant hormones. To explore the biological functions and gene expression patterns of CsCCD gene family in tea plant, genome-wide identification of CsCCD gene family was performed. The gene structures, conserved motifs, chromosome locations, protein physicochemical properties, evolutionary characteristics, interaction network and cis-acting regulatory elements were predicted and analyzed. Real time-quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the relative expression level of CsCCD gene family members under different leaf positions and light treatments during processing. A total of 11 CsCCD gene family members, each containing exons ranging from 1 to 11 and introns ranging from 0 to 10, were identified. The average number of amino acids and molecular weight were 519 aa and 57 643.35 Da, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed the CsCCD gene family was clustered into 5 major groups (CCD1, CCD4, CCD7, CCD8 and NCED). The CsCCD gene family mainly contained stress response elements, hormone response elements, light response elements and multi-factor response elements, and light response elements was the most abundant (142 elements). Expression analysis showed that the expression levels of CsCCD1 and CsCCD4 in elder leaves were higher than those in younger leaves and stems. With the increase of turning over times, the expression levels of CsCCD1 and CsCCD4 decreased, while supplementary LED light strongly promoted their expression levels in the early stage. The expression level of NCED in younger leaves was higher than that in elder leaves and stems on average, and the expression trend varied in the process of turning over. NCED3 first increased and then decreased, with an expression level 15 times higher than that in fresh leaves. In the late stage of turning over, supplementary LED light significantly promoted its gene expression. In conclusion, CsCCD gene family member expressions were regulated by mechanical force and light. These understandings may help to optimize tea processing techniques and improve tea quality.
Camellia sinensis/genetics* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Phylogeny ; Plant Leaves/genetics* ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Tea