Objective: To study the corrosion resistance of the ortho do ntic magnets with titanium nitride (TiN) coating. Methods: The m agnets coated TiN film were immersed into artificial saliva at 37 ℃ for two mon ths. During the immersion, the concentration of iron ion in the artificial saliv a was analyzed with atomic absorption spectrophotometry(AAS). After immersion, t he weight change of the magnets was measured.The magnets coated with nickel film and without coating were used as the controls.Results: In all t he groups, iron ion concentration in the artificial saliva increased with the in crease of immersion time(P

Objective: To study the corrosion resistance of orthodontic magnet with titanium nitride coating in artificial saliva. Methods: 6 samples of magnet in the size 3 mm?5 mm?7 mm were prepared.3 of them were coated with titanium nitride by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition,another 3 without coating were used as controls.The samples were immersed into artificial saliva at 37 ℃ for one month. Then the surface characters of two kinds of magnets were observed with the naked eye and by electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA). Results: The surface of the magnets with titanium nitride coating was fine and close in texture and there were no cleft and disintegrated area. However, that of the magnets without titanium nitride coating was uneven and coarse in texture,and there were evident clefts and disintegrated areas. Conclusion: The corrosion resistance of orthodontic magnets with titanium nitride coating is stronger than that without coating.

OBJECTIVE:To observe clinical efficacy and safety of salmeterol fluticasone combined with tiotropium bromide in the treatment of COPD via different inhalation devices.METHODS:Eighty COPD patients were selected from our hospital during Jan.2014 to Jan.2015,and then divided into trial group and control group according to random number table,with 40 cases in each group.Both groups were given Salmeterol fluticasone inhalant 500 μg,bid+Tiotropium bromide inhalant 18 μg,qd.Control group was given medicine via inhalation device coming with medicine,while trial group was given medicine via gas compression type ultrasonic spray inhalator.Both groups were treated for 1 year.Blood concentration of medicine 0.5 h after medication,mMRC score and COPD acsessment test (CAT) score 3,6,9 months after treatment,the times of acute exacerbation during treatment,FEV1％ before and af ter treatment were all observed in 2 groups.The occurrence of ADR was recorded.RESULTS:Four cases withdrew from trial group and 1 case from control group.After medication,there was no statistical significance in blood concentration of fluticasone,salmeterol and tiotropium bromide between 2 groups (P＞0.05).0.5 h after medication,mMRC score of trial group was slightly lower than that of control group,without statistical significance (P＞0.05);CAT score of it was significantly lower than that of control group,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).The times of acute exacerbation in trial group during treatment was significantly less than control group,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).The decrease of FEV1％ in trial group was slightly lower than control group,without statistical significance (P＞0.05).The incidence of ADR in trial group was significantly lower than control group,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS:For COPD patients,salmeterol fluticasone combined with tiotropium bromide via gas compression type ultrasonic spray inhalator is better than inhalation device coming with medicine in clinical efficacy and safety.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for perioperative rational prophylactic application of antibacterials in type Ⅰ in-cision operation. METHODS:4 201 patients underwent type Ⅰ incision operation were collected from a class A grade three hospi-tal during Mar. 2013-Feb. 2015. The perioperative prophylactic application of antibacterials in type Ⅰ incision operation were ana-lyzed statistically. RESULTS:Of 4 201 patients underwent type Ⅰ incision operation,there were 2 399 cases of prophylactic appli-cation of antibiotics(accounting for 57.10%). Cephalosporins andβ-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor were the main classes of antibacte-rials for preventive use,accounting for 45.60%and 19.76%,respectively. The frequency of using cefazolin,ceftriaxone and amoxi-cillin-clavulanic acid ranked the top 3 places, among which there was 823 cases of unsuitable prophylactic medication time (34.31%),and 855 cases of prophylactic medication time >48 h(accounting for 35.64%). CONCLUSIONS:There still is unrea-sonable perioperative prophylactic application of antibacterials in type Ⅰ incision operation in this hospital. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of antibacterials and conduct regular rational antibacterials use seminars in order to promote rational use of antibacterials.

Voriconazole is a broad spectrum triazole antifungal agent, widely used in the prevention and treatment of invasive fungal diseases.Long-term use of voriconazole can induce periostitis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, accounting for serious adverse effects on patients, which has been reported in increasing clinical cases.This review is to characterize the epidemiological and clinical manifestations of periostitis and squamous cell carcinoma induced by voriconazole, and to analyze the mechanisms of triggering periostitis and squamous cell carcinoma, so as to promote the rational use of voriconazole in clinics.

Objective To establish an animal model for immunological contact urticaria in mice.Methods A total of 60 BALB/c mice were randomly and equally divided into 5 groups:anti-dinitrophenol IgE monoclonal antibody (anti-DNP IgE) + 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) group and anti-DNP IgE + trimellitic anhydride (TMA) group both injected with anti-DNP IgE via tail veins firstly,followed by topical treatment with DNFB and TMA respectively on the ears at 24 hours after the injection,DNFB group,TMA group and normal saline (NS) group all injected with NS via the tail vein firstly,followed by topical treatment with DNFB,TMA and NS on the ears 24 hours after the injection.In the following 14 days,mice were observed daily for the appearance of wheals and for scratching behavior.All the mice were sacrificed at the end of the study followed by determination of the percentage of degranulated mast cells and spleen index as well as observation of pathological changes.Results Wheals were observed in all the mice (12/12) in the anti-DNP IgE + DNFB group,some mice (8/12) in the anti-DNP IgE + TMA group,but not observed in any mice in the other 3 groups.Compared with the NS group,both the anti-DNP IgE + DNFB group and anti-DNP IgE + TMA group showed a significant increase in the percentage of degranulated mast cells (70.21％ ± 26.01％ and 54.25％ ± 39.57％ vs.14.45％ ±6.79％,F=14.41,P=0.000),spleen index (7.54 ± 1.56 and 7.87 ± 1.18 vs.5.37 ± 1.16,F=4.29,P=0.004) and scratching frequency ((31.58 ± 3.58)/h and (22.17 ± 3.81)/h vs.(2.00 ± 0.85)/h at 30 minutes,F =437.86,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion A stable mouse model for immunological contact urticaria can be established quickly by sensitization with anti-DNP IgE and challenge with DNFB.

24.34, the sensitivity and specificity were 95.0% and 75.8%, respectively. Conclusion: The autofluorescence spectrum of dilute gastric juice may become an effective means in the diagnosis and screening of gastric carcinoma.

Objective To analyze the treatment efficacy and safety of a modified GMALL protocol for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods Data of 37 patients with newly diagnosed adult ALL treated with a modified GMALL protocol from January 2005 to December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed,and compared with that of 44 patients treated with an in-house conventional protocol at the same period.Results The complete remission (CR) rate was 89.2 %(33/37) treated with modified GMALL protocol. The cumulative overall survival (OS) rates at 1 year, 2 years, 3 years and 4 years were 77.5 %, 48.0 %, 40.0 %and 40.0 %, respectively. The main adverse events were grade 3 or grade 4 hematological toxicities and infections which were easily managed, and the treatment-related mortality rate was low. The OS of modified GMALL protocol was superior to that of the conventional protocol. Conclusion The modified GMALL protocol has a satisfying effect and the adverse events can be tolerated for adult ALL, so its clinical application can be encouraged.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of posaconazole in the prophylaxis or salvage treatment of invasive fungal disease (IFD) in patients with hematological diseases.Methods 25 patients with hematological diseases receiving posaconazole treatment from Feb 2014 to Feb 2015 were analyzed retrospectively.The patients' average age was 32.6 years old (16-64 years old).18 patients received posaconazole for IFD prophylaxis, and 7 patients for IFD salvage treatment.Results 18 patients receiving posaconazole for IFD prophylaxis had no clinical manifestation of IFD (that is no case of breakthrough fungal infection) during treatment or in the 12 weeks after treatment, and the average prophylaxis period was 21 d (14-35 d).Among 7 patients receiving posaconazole for IFD salvage treatment, 6 patients were effective, including 4 cases cured and 2 cases effective.There were no obviously side effects of posaconazole in these patients.Conclusion Posaconazole has good clinical response for IFD in the hematologic diseases patients whether in prophylaxis or in salvage treatment.

Objective To determine the coagulation status as well as circulating levels of complement and inflammation markers in patients with chronic urticaria (CU) during acute attack and in remission,and to estimate the relationship of coagulant and anticoagulant factors as well as fibrinolytic markers with the development of chronic urticaira.Methods This study included 40 patients with CU (22 during acute attack and 18 in remission) and 40 healthy blood donors from the Guangzhou Blood Center.Venous blood samples were obtained from these subjects,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the plasma levels of prothrombin fragrnent 1 +2 (F1 +2),tissue factor (TF),thrombomodulin (TM),high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK),tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA),C5a and serum levels of C3,C4,antistreptolysin O antibodies (ASO),rheumatoid factor (RF) and C-reactive protein (CRP).Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was also determined in these patients.Comparisons of these parameters were carried out by using t test,and the correlation of these factors with CU was evaluated by using Spearman correlation coefficient.Results Compared with the healthy controls,the patients with CU showed significantly higher plasma levels of F1+2 and HMWK (both P ＜ 0.01),but lower levels of TF,TM and t-PA (all P ＜ 0.01).The plasma levels of F1 +2,HMWK,t-PA were significantly correlated with the symptom scores in patients with CU (r =0.81,P ＜ 0.01; r =-0.39,P ＜ 0.05; r =0.35,P ＜ 0.05).A significant increase was observed in the plasma concentration of F1 +2 in patients during acute attack compared with those in remission (P ＜ 0.01),whereas no significant differences were noted in the plasma levels of TF,TM,HMWK,t-PA,C5a,serum levels of C3,C4,ASO,RF and CRP or ESR between the two groups of patients (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions It seems that coagulation,anti-coagulation and fibrinolysis are all involved in the development of urticaria.There is an obvious difference in the plasma level of prothrombin F1 +2 between patients with CU during acute attack and in remission,suggesting that coagulation factors play a certain role in the initiation and progression of CU.