Objective: To study the corrosion resistance of orthodontic magnet with titanium nitride coating in artificial saliva. Methods: 6 samples of magnet in the size 3 mm?5 mm?7 mm were prepared.3 of them were coated with titanium nitride by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition,another 3 without coating were used as controls.The samples were immersed into artificial saliva at 37 ℃ for one month. Then the surface characters of two kinds of magnets were observed with the naked eye and by electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA). Results: The surface of the magnets with titanium nitride coating was fine and close in texture and there were no cleft and disintegrated area. However, that of the magnets without titanium nitride coating was uneven and coarse in texture,and there were evident clefts and disintegrated areas. Conclusion: The corrosion resistance of orthodontic magnets with titanium nitride coating is stronger than that without coating.

Objective: To study the corrosion resistance of the ortho do ntic magnets with titanium nitride (TiN) coating. Methods: The m agnets coated TiN film were immersed into artificial saliva at 37 ℃ for two mon ths. During the immersion, the concentration of iron ion in the artificial saliv a was analyzed with atomic absorption spectrophotometry(AAS). After immersion, t he weight change of the magnets was measured.The magnets coated with nickel film and without coating were used as the controls.Results: In all t he groups, iron ion concentration in the artificial saliva increased with the in crease of immersion time(P

Voriconazole is a broad spectrum triazole antifungal agent, widely used in the prevention and treatment of invasive fungal diseases.Long-term use of voriconazole can induce periostitis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, accounting for serious adverse effects on patients, which has been reported in increasing clinical cases.This review is to characterize the epidemiological and clinical manifestations of periostitis and squamous cell carcinoma induced by voriconazole, and to analyze the mechanisms of triggering periostitis and squamous cell carcinoma, so as to promote the rational use of voriconazole in clinics.

OBJECTIVE:To observe clinical efficacy and safety of salmeterol fluticasone combined with tiotropium bromide in the treatment of COPD via different inhalation devices.METHODS:Eighty COPD patients were selected from our hospital during Jan.2014 to Jan.2015,and then divided into trial group and control group according to random number table,with 40 cases in each group.Both groups were given Salmeterol fluticasone inhalant 500 μg,bid+Tiotropium bromide inhalant 18 μg,qd.Control group was given medicine via inhalation device coming with medicine,while trial group was given medicine via gas compression type ultrasonic spray inhalator.Both groups were treated for 1 year.Blood concentration of medicine 0.5 h after medication,mMRC score and COPD acsessment test (CAT) score 3,6,9 months after treatment,the times of acute exacerbation during treatment,FEV1％ before and af ter treatment were all observed in 2 groups.The occurrence of ADR was recorded.RESULTS:Four cases withdrew from trial group and 1 case from control group.After medication,there was no statistical significance in blood concentration of fluticasone,salmeterol and tiotropium bromide between 2 groups (P＞0.05).0.5 h after medication,mMRC score of trial group was slightly lower than that of control group,without statistical significance (P＞0.05);CAT score of it was significantly lower than that of control group,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).The times of acute exacerbation in trial group during treatment was significantly less than control group,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).The decrease of FEV1％ in trial group was slightly lower than control group,without statistical significance (P＞0.05).The incidence of ADR in trial group was significantly lower than control group,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS:For COPD patients,salmeterol fluticasone combined with tiotropium bromide via gas compression type ultrasonic spray inhalator is better than inhalation device coming with medicine in clinical efficacy and safety.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for perioperative rational prophylactic application of antibacterials in type Ⅰ in-cision operation. METHODS:4 201 patients underwent type Ⅰ incision operation were collected from a class A grade three hospi-tal during Mar. 2013-Feb. 2015. The perioperative prophylactic application of antibacterials in type Ⅰ incision operation were ana-lyzed statistically. RESULTS:Of 4 201 patients underwent type Ⅰ incision operation,there were 2 399 cases of prophylactic appli-cation of antibiotics(accounting for 57.10%). Cephalosporins andβ-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor were the main classes of antibacte-rials for preventive use,accounting for 45.60%and 19.76%,respectively. The frequency of using cefazolin,ceftriaxone and amoxi-cillin-clavulanic acid ranked the top 3 places, among which there was 823 cases of unsuitable prophylactic medication time (34.31%),and 855 cases of prophylactic medication time >48 h(accounting for 35.64%). CONCLUSIONS:There still is unrea-sonable perioperative prophylactic application of antibacterials in type Ⅰ incision operation in this hospital. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of antibacterials and conduct regular rational antibacterials use seminars in order to promote rational use of antibacterials.

Objective To establish an animal model for immunological contact urticaria in mice.Methods A total of 60 BALB/c mice were randomly and equally divided into 5 groups:anti-dinitrophenol IgE monoclonal antibody (anti-DNP IgE) + 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) group and anti-DNP IgE + trimellitic anhydride (TMA) group both injected with anti-DNP IgE via tail veins firstly,followed by topical treatment with DNFB and TMA respectively on the ears at 24 hours after the injection,DNFB group,TMA group and normal saline (NS) group all injected with NS via the tail vein firstly,followed by topical treatment with DNFB,TMA and NS on the ears 24 hours after the injection.In the following 14 days,mice were observed daily for the appearance of wheals and for scratching behavior.All the mice were sacrificed at the end of the study followed by determination of the percentage of degranulated mast cells and spleen index as well as observation of pathological changes.Results Wheals were observed in all the mice (12/12) in the anti-DNP IgE + DNFB group,some mice (8/12) in the anti-DNP IgE + TMA group,but not observed in any mice in the other 3 groups.Compared with the NS group,both the anti-DNP IgE + DNFB group and anti-DNP IgE + TMA group showed a significant increase in the percentage of degranulated mast cells (70.21％ ± 26.01％ and 54.25％ ± 39.57％ vs.14.45％ ±6.79％,F=14.41,P=0.000),spleen index (7.54 ± 1.56 and 7.87 ± 1.18 vs.5.37 ± 1.16,F=4.29,P=0.004) and scratching frequency ((31.58 ± 3.58)/h and (22.17 ± 3.81)/h vs.(2.00 ± 0.85)/h at 30 minutes,F =437.86,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion A stable mouse model for immunological contact urticaria can be established quickly by sensitization with anti-DNP IgE and challenge with DNFB.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of posaconazole in the prophylaxis or salvage treatment of invasive fungal disease (IFD) in patients with hematological diseases.Methods 25 patients with hematological diseases receiving posaconazole treatment from Feb 2014 to Feb 2015 were analyzed retrospectively.The patients' average age was 32.6 years old (16-64 years old).18 patients received posaconazole for IFD prophylaxis, and 7 patients for IFD salvage treatment.Results 18 patients receiving posaconazole for IFD prophylaxis had no clinical manifestation of IFD (that is no case of breakthrough fungal infection) during treatment or in the 12 weeks after treatment, and the average prophylaxis period was 21 d (14-35 d).Among 7 patients receiving posaconazole for IFD salvage treatment, 6 patients were effective, including 4 cases cured and 2 cases effective.There were no obviously side effects of posaconazole in these patients.Conclusion Posaconazole has good clinical response for IFD in the hematologic diseases patients whether in prophylaxis or in salvage treatment.

Objective To investigate the expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 in patients with psoriasis vulgaris and the efrect of methotrexate(MTX)on them.so as to explore the therapeutic mechanism of MTX in psoriasis vulgafis.Methods Forty-three patients with psoriasis vulgaris were recruited into the study together with 30 normal human controls.Oral MTX was given to patients with an interval of 12 hours for three times per week until the control of conditions followed by 4 weeks of mainmining treatment.The dosage of MTX was 5 mg initially and decreased to 2.5 mg in the maintaining period.Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in peripheral blood CD14~+ cells from the controls and patients at baseline,4 and 8 weeks after the beginning of treatment.Results The expression rate of TLR2 and TLR4 in CD14~+ cells was(92.6±4.3)%and(48.5±4.6)%,respectively,in untreated patients,significantly higher than that in normal controls(botll P＜0.01).A significant increase was observed in the expression rate of TLR2 and TLR4 in patients with active psoriasis compared with those with inactive psoriasis [(97.5±4.1)%vs(87.6±5.6)%,(55.3±5.8)%vs(40.7±7.1)%,both P＜0.05].Eigh weeks after the beginning of treatment with MTX.the expression rate of TLR2 and TLR4 significantly decreased to (79.6±6.7)%and(34.6±5.9)%.respectively(both P＜0.05).The psoriasis area and severity index(PASI)score had no significant correlation with the expression rate of TLR2 or TLR4(r=0.24.0.27,both P＞0.05).Conclusions TLR2,TLR4 and innate immune response mediated by both receptors play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.MTX may exert its therapeutic effect on psoriasis by inhibiting the expression of TLR2 and TLR4.

24.34, the sensitivity and specificity were 95.0% and 75.8%, respectively. Conclusion: The autofluorescence spectrum of dilute gastric juice may become an effective means in the diagnosis and screening of gastric carcinoma.

Objective To study the influence of sunscreens with different efficacy on delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and their immunoprotective effect in mice.Methods A cohort of mice were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 mice in each group:group 1 as the positive control without irradiation,group 2 receiving solar-simulated radiation (SSR) only,group 3 receiving SSR and protected by sunscreen l with sun protection factor 15(SPF15)and persistent pigment darkening(PPD)12,group 4 receiving SSR and protected by sunscreen 2 with SPF 50 and PPD 28,and group 5 as the negative contml receiving SSR only.SSR was carried out on the back of mice with the UVA dose being 1.4 J/cm2 and UVB dose being 100 mJ/cm2 for 10 days.After a 5-day irradiation,the groups 1 to 4 were immunized by intraperitoneal injection with 100 μl(107 cells/ml) of Candida albicans suspension.On the 10th day both sides of the posterior foot pad were measured;then the foot pads were injected with additional 50 μl of the Candida albicans suspension.Twenty-four hours after the injection,the thickness of each foot pad was measured,and immunosuppression rate was calculated.Finally,the mice were sacrificed and skin samples were obtained from the back of these mice followed by the examination of CDla, CD80 and CD86 expression by Western blot.Resets The thickness of edema in foot pads was 0.41±0.38 mm,0.21±0.23 mm and 0.30 ± 0.25 mm in group 1,3 and 4,respectively,significantly higher than in group 5 and 2(0.04±0.03 mm,0.14±0.12 mm,respectively,all P<0.05),while no significant difference was observed between the group 3 and 4(P>0.05).Significant differences were observed in the immunosuppression rate between group 2,3 and 4(73.0%±11.3%,54.1%±6.4%,29.7%±7.5%,respectively,all P<0.01).Western blot revealed a significant increment in the expression of CDla protein in group 1 compared with group 2 as well as in the expression of CD86 protein in group 1 and group 3 compamd with group 2 and group 5(all P<0.05),but no statistical difference was observed between the other groups in the expression level of CDla,CD80 or CD86(P>0.05).Conclusions The exposure to sub-erythema dose of UV can induce DTH,and sunscreens have an immunoprotective effect in this process.Epidermal Langerhans cells are not essential for UV-induced immunosuppression.