Objective To clarify great benefit to prevention of wound infection as well as reduction of economic expenditures by a new method of connecting latex gloves and cigarettes in peritoneal drainage. Methods We randomly selected 121 cases of patients with peritoneal pyogenic infection, divided them into the latex gloves group (64 eases)and the common dressing group (57 cases). The incision infection rate and eco-nomic cost in two groups were comparately studied. Results The latex gloves group's incision infection rate was 10.94% (7 / 64), the common dressing was 31.58% (18/57). Each patient of the latex gloves group spent less cost about 15.70 yuan,changed dressing 5.3 times less than the common dressing group. Conclusions Connecting latex gloves and cigarettes in peritoneal drainage is a new method of reducing economic expandi-tures and the chances of incision infection. Clinical application of this method should be fully prospected.

In order to guarantee the safety and accuracy of the whole treating process as well as better link up of each section during the treatment, we did research in order to establish a project concerning the process quality control (PQC) of treating liver cancer with CyberKnife. From the safety and accuracy point of view, we divided the whole process of treating liver cancer with CyberKnife into ten links, i.e. the registration of patients' information, the im plantation of fiducial markers, fixation of body posture, CT localization, target delineation, design of the treatment plan, quality assurance in physics, implementation of the treatment plan, inspection on the correctness and data archiving. We analyzed the possible mistakes in each link and the consequences brought by them. To smoothly connect all the links, a special part "Attention" was added between every two links. Various wrong operations which may influence the safety and accuracy of treatment were illustrated, and the consequences brought by them were also ex plained. The "Attention" part among links offers important information for the next step, and gives us reminding and warnings. The project of quality control covers all the important links when treating liver cancer with Cy berKnife. It offers regulations, reminding and warning for us so that the safety and accuracy of treatment can be guaranteed, and the work of all staff could be closely connected.
Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; surgery ; Quality Control ; Radiosurgery ; methods

Objective To analyze the factors influencing fiducial number used for tracking abdominal tumor with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT),which was implemented by CyberKnife.Methods 254 abdominal tumor patients chosen which adopted fiducial tracking and classified the fiducials.We gathered data of the patients with ＜ 3 fiducials used for tracking and patients with ≥ 3 fiducials respectively,and analyzed the reason why ＜ 3 fiducials were left for tracking.Results Among 254 patients,22 patients were showed that the number of fiducial implantation were equal to play number of fiducial;232 patients with no equation which 49 patients (21.1％) used ＜ 3 fiducials for tracking,183 patients (78.9％) used ≥3 fiducials for tracking.Among the 49 patients with ＜3 fiducials for tracking,9 patients had fiducials migrated,1 patient had an unrecognizable fiducial,23 patients had the implantation not qualified for tracking,and 16 patients had the rigid error surpassing the threshold.Conclusions 78.9％ patients were implanted ≥ 3 fiducials and thus qualified for fiducial tracking.Major reasons of disqualification include insufficient implanted fiducials,unqualified implantation and rigid error surpassing the threshold.

Objective To observe the expression of p53, bcl 2 genes, vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), insulin like growth factor I (IGF I), and the receptors of these factors of retinal vascular endothelial cells (VECs) of 1 to 20 week diabetic rats, and the relationship between the expressions and cell cycle arrest. Methods Retinal sections of diabetic rats induced by alloxan were immunohistochemically stained and observed by light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). Dot blotting and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of mRNA, proteins of p53 and bcl 2. Results Under LM, immunohistochemical positive expression of p53 and bcl 2 were found on the vessels of ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer of retinae of 8 to 20 week diabetic rats; under EM, these substances were observed depositing in VECs. The retinal VECs also expressed VEGF, bFGF, IGF I and their receptors. There was no positive expression of other cell types in these retinae, all cell types of retinae in control group, or all cells of retinae of diabetic rats with the course of disease of 1 to 6 weeks. The result of dot blotting revealed that retinal tissue of 20 week diabetic rat expressed p53 and bcl 2 mRNA, and the result of Western blotting revealed that they also expressed p53 and bcl 2 proteins. But retinal tissues of control group did not. Positive expression of bax was not found in the retinae in control group or 1 to 20 week diabetic rats. Conclusion p53, bcl 2 may introduce cell cycle arrest of VECs of retinae in 8 to 20 week diabetic rats. High glucose might stimulate the expression of VEGF, bFGF, IGF I and their receptors, and the growth factors may keep VECs surviving by self secretion.

Objective To establish the rabbit model with hepatic VX-2 tumor and to investigate the intake of folate-conjugated silica-coated gold nanorods (GNRs@SiO2-FA) in experimental rabbits. Methods Under CT-guidance, animal model with VX-2 liver cancer was established in 27 rabbits by using puncture inoculation method. CT scanning and sonography were employed to observe the tumor growth. After two weeks, the rabbits were randomly and equally divided into blank control group (n=9, injection of saline), portal vein injection group (n=9, injection of GNRs@SiO2-FA) and intra-tumoral injection group (n=9, injection of GNRs@SiO2-FA). Every three rabbits from each group were sacrificed each time at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after the treatment. The tumor tissue and the major organs were collected and sent for pathological examination. The cellular uptake of GNRs@SiO2-FA was studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results The rabbit model of VX-2 liver cancer was successfully established. CT and sonography examination indicated that the tumor was rich in blood supply. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that GNRs@SiO2-FA could specifically bind with tumor cells within 24 hours after injection, then the GNRs@SiO2-FA entered into the tumor cells and gathered in the tumor cytoplasm. Conclusion GNRs@SiO2-FA has highly targeted effect on the liver cancer cells in experimental animals, which has very important application prospect in targeting hyperthermia therapy and in 125I seed implantation therapy.

Objective To evaluate the value of lung ultrasound score (LUS) in the quantitative assessment of the severity of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) and the value of clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods Totally 74 NRDS cases and 30 normal neonates were studied.LUS was compared with X-ray examination,clinical data,ventilator assisted ventilation and ventilator parameters.ROC curve was used to calculate sensitivity and specificity of LUS to predict the severity of NRDS and application of invasive ventilator treatment.Results The main findings of the lung ultrasound in NRDS included diffuse distribution of dense B line,disappeared A line,pleural line abnormalities,decreased pulmonary slip sign and pulmonary consolidation.LUS in patients with NRDS was significantly correlated with X ray grades,clinical grades,assisted ventilation mode grades,number of days on ventilator and ventilator parameters (all P＜0.05).LUS value to predict mild,moderate and severe NRDS were 13.0,22.5,and 29.5,respectively.The best cutoff point for LUS to predict the adoptation of invasive assisted ventilation was 22.5,which had sensitivity of 86.0 ％ and specificity of 64.5 ％.Conclusion LUS can be used to diagnose and evaluate the severity of the desease,and to guide the clinical diagnosis and treatment.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on improving left ventricle (LV) function and LV asynchrony in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM)using three-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking imaging(3D-STI).MethodsTwenty one patients with DCM and 25 normal subjects were enrolled in this study.Parameters including LV mean longitudinal peak strain (MLS),LV mean circumferential peak strain (MCS),LV mean radial peak strain (MRS),LV ejection fraction(3D-LVEF),maximal temporal difference in area strain of LV 16 segments (A-MaxTs) and its standard deviation (A-Ts-SD) were investigated by 3D-STI.LV ejection fraction (ECT-LVEF) and LV phase angle width (LVW) were obtained by radionuclide ventriculography and phase image analysis.Results The indexes of MLS,MCS,MRS and 3D-LVEF were decreased and A-MaxTs,A-Ts-SD were prolonged in DCM group compared with those of control group.There was a slightly improvement in MRS and ECTLVEF 1 week after CRT,but other Parameters including MLS,MCS,A-MaxTs,A-Ts-SD and 3D-LVEF had no significant change.Compared with corresponding values before and 1 week after CRT,all parameters (MCS,MRS,A-MaxTs,A-Ts-SD,3D-LVEF and ECT-LVEF) were further improved 6 months after CRT.MLS,MCS,MRS and 3D-LVEF had good relationship with ECT-LVEF,and A-MaxTs,A-Ts-SD had good relationship with LVW in DCM group.Conclusions3D-STI is a simple and accurate method for evaluating effects of CRT on improving LV function and LV asynchrony in patients with DCM.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with bladder-cuff resection by TUR for upper urinary tract carcinoma. Methods Eighty-two patients with upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma(69 cases in renal pelvis and 13 in ureter)underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy and bladder-cuff resection by TUR. This group of cases was retrospectively summarized including operative time, blood loss, drainage mounting days, catheterizing days, post-operative complications and hospital stays. Results All 82 operation procedures were successfully performed without severe complication. The mean operative time was 135 minutes.The mean length of hospital stay was 7 days postoperatively. The mean time with drainage and Foley catheter were 3 days and 6 days respectively. Follow-up time ranged from 6 to 76 months for 74 patients. The 3-year carcinoma recurrence was 10.6% (5/47). Only 1 patient was found incision tumor recurrence in 8 month after the procedure. Conclusion Retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection by TUR could be a feasible procedure to treat upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma.

Objective To explore the tutorial system of biomedical engineering students in medical colleges and universities,and provide useful references for the implementation of undergraduate tutorial system in medical colleges and universities in China.Methods Based on the compulsory professional knowledge and skills of biomedical engineering students,the undergraduate tutorial system of biomedical engineering specialty was analyzed and summarized with thatof School of Biomedical Engineering of the Fourth Military Medical University taken as an example.Results The necessity,problems and new mode were pointed out for the undergraduate tutorial system of biomedical engineering specialty.Conclusion The implementation of undergraduate tutorial system is a new idea of deepening the reform of undergraduate education in biomedical engineering specialty,and is of important significance to improve the professional skills of students.

Aim To investigate the effects of high glu-cose on cholesterol metabolism in renal tubular cells and the intervention of the anthocyanins. Methods HK-2 cells were grown in the DMEM medium supple-mented with 10% FBS and were divided into 5 groups:normal glucose group, high glucose group, mannitol group, C3G group and Cy group. Effect of anthocya-nins on cell viability was detected with MTT, and cho-lesterol accumulation was detected with Amplex Red Cholesterol Assay kit and Filipin staining. Expression of ABCA1 was detected with RT-qPCR and Western Blot. Results In compared with control groups, HG significantly promoted cholesterol mass inside the cell and decreased the cholesterol concentration in the me-dium after treatment for 24 h or 48 h. The levels of mRNA and protein of ABCA1 were detected with RT-qPCR and Western blot, and both were decreased in the presence of HG. Whereas treatment with C3G and Cy markedly attenuated HG-induced cholesterol mass inside the cell by up-regulating the expression of AB-CA1. Conclusions High glucose can reduce the ex-pressions of the ABCA1, and then decrease cholesterol efflux and increase the cholesterol accumulation in HK-2 cells. Anthocyanins can decrease cholesterol accu-mulation by up-regulating the expression of ABCA1.