Aim To investigate the effects of Ang Ⅱ receptor antagonist irbesartan on the expressions of connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) and membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase(MT1-MMP) in high glucose-cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells(GMCs).Methods High concentration glucose and irbesartan were used to stimulate the cultured rat GMCs in vitro.The mRNA and protein expressions of CTGF and MT1-MMP were detected with semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot.The secreted collagen Ⅳ in the supernatants of the GMCs was detected by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay(ELISA).Results Compared with control group,the expressions of CTGF were continuously increased in GMCs under high concentration glucose medium;otherwise the mRNA and protein levels of MT1-MMP in GMCs were decreased in a time-dependent manner at the same time.These changes were accompanied by increased secretion of collagen Ⅳ.Irbesartan could inhibit those changes induced by high glucose.Conclusions High glucosecould induce the expression of CTGF and inhibit the expression of MT1-MMP in GMCs.Irbesartan could inhibit the secretion of ECM in GMCs under high concentration glucose medium,partly by regulating the expressions of CTGF and MT1-MMP.

Objective To investigate the significance of measurement of the expression CD28 on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with stomach cancer.Methods Subjects for this investigation include the tumor tissues and its nearby normal tissues from 48 patients with stomach cancer.The levels of the expression of CD28, CD8 on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results First, the levels of the expression of CD8+CD28+ and CD8-CD28+ on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes from the tumor tissues were remarkably lower than from its nearby normal tissues (P

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction (CIPO).Methods Clinical data of 43 patients with CIPO admitted in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2012 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.The clinical manifestations,laboratory examinations,images,treatment and prognosis of CIPO patients were analyzed.Results There were 14 males and 29 females with an mean age of (41.9 ± 16.1) years.Among 43 patients,32 were admitted in Gastroenterology Department,6 in General Medicine Department and 5 in Rheumatology Department.Twenty two cases were primary CIPO and 21 cases were secondary.The main clinical manifestations were abdominal distension (93.0％),abdominal pain (67.4％),vomiting (67.4％),diarrhea (46.5％) and constipation (41.9％).All 43 patients had decreased body weight and body mass index (BMI);23.3％ (10/43) patients were complicated with anxiety and depression.53.5％ (23/43) patients presented anemia and 55.8％ (24/43) patients presented hypoalbuminemia.All patients with CIPO underwent abdominal X-ray,which showed intestinal obstruction;but there was no evidence of mechanical obstruction.The average length of hospital stay was (28.4 ± 13.9) d.Twenty three cases underwent gastric decompression;28 cases (65.1％) received parenteral nutrition,and 21 cases (48.8％) received enteral nutrition;and 9 abdominal operations were performed in 8 patients.Conclusion When clinical symptoms of intestinal obstruction appear without mechanical cause,CIPO should be considered and secondary factors should be screened.Unnecessary surgery should be avoided in CIPO patients.

Objective To conduct the epidemiological investigation and analysis of cerebral palsy in Xinxiang of Henan Province and to investigate its risk factors in order to provid a basis for further study of etiology and prevention of cerebral palsy information.Methods Cluster sampling survey was carried out among children aged 1-6 years in XinXiang,Henan Province,and the data were analyzed by using SPSS 13.0 statistical analysis software.Results The morbidity of infantile cerebral palsy in Xinxiang of Henan Province was 2.82‰.The prevalence distribution in all age groups was 2.46 ‰-3.11‰(x2 =0.374,P =0.996),and the prevalence rate in male and female was significantly different(x2 =0.139,P =0.709) ; the sex ratio was 1.09 ∶ 1.00.Prevalence rate was slightly lower in urban areas than in rural areas (x2 =0.526,P =0.769).But no significant differences were observed in all of the data above.The incidence of cerebral palsy of children whose mothers did not established perinatal care manual and guidance during pregnancy was 5.86 times of the children whose mothers established perinatal care manual and guidance (x2 =116.806,P =0.000) ;the incidence of cerebral palsy in children whose mothers did not receive regular prenatal care during pregnancy was 5.37 times of the children whose mothers receive regular prenatal care during pregnancy (x2 =43.904,P =0.000);the incidence of cerebral palsy in children who had no neonatal follow-up after birth was 8.55times of the children with neonatal follow-up after birth (x2 =68.987,P =0.000).The incidence of cerebral palsy in children whose developmental disorders were not timely diagnosed and treated medically was 5.39 times the children whose developmental disorders were timely diagnosed and treated (x2 =56.003,P =0.000).The significant differences were observed in all of the data above.In the classification of cerebral palsy,the spastic type was the most (42.1％) ;followed by the dyskinetic (24.6％) ; the mixed (18.8％) ; and the ataxia(14.5％).Conclusions The survey results can reflect current prevalence of infantile cerebral palsy in children aged 1-6 years in XinXiang,and can be served as a basis for further prevention and treatment of cerebral palsy information.

Objective To share the clinical experience of tetralogy of stage Ⅰ Fallot children with little left ventricle.Methods Thirty-eight cases with stage Ⅰ Fallot with little left ventricle from March 2008 to Jun 2012 were selected as our subjects.Of them,18 were boys and 20 were girls.The age of the cases ranged from 5 to 18 months and average was (9.37 ±2.45) months.The weight ranged from 6.6 to 10.4 kg,and average was (8.33 ± 1.72) kg.All cases showed cyanosis of oral lip.They all were performed tetralogy by the breast bone median incision and then expanding interventricular septal defect.Results All cases survived.Following-up 6 -18 months showed that all cases got good recovery.Left arterial diameter at before the operation,discharge,3 months after surgery were (14.07 ± 0.79) mm,(14.37 ± 0.68) mm,(16.01 ± 0.72) mm respectively and transverse diameter of right atrium were (18.23 ± 1.07) mm,(18.74 ± 0.96) mm,(19.28 ± 0.71) mm respectively.The differences were significant (F =99.474,69.760,P =0.000).Main pulmonary artery diameter at before the operation,discharge,3 months after surgery were (7.98 ±0.92) mm,(8.16 ±0.54) mm and (9.92 ± 0.81) mm,and left ventricular end diastolic diameter were (19.27 ± 1.15) mm,(21.06 ± 1.75) mm,(23.41 ± 1.18) mm.Meanwhile,left ventricular fractional shortening rate were (35.57 ± 1.45)％,(32.61 ± 2.15) ％,(34.29 ± 2.12) ％,and main pulmonary artery systolic flow velocity were (450 ± 98.36) cm/s,(150.0 ± 9.22) cm/s,(148.0 ± 7.92) cm/s.All differences were statistically significant (F =108.620,96.410,99.485,102.914;P =0.000).Conclusion Tetralogy on Fallot children with little left ventricle can lead to cardiac remodeling,which reduce the load of right ventricle and improve left ventricular function.

Aim To investigate the time-dependent effect of insulin on the expression of SREBP-1(sterol regulatory element binding protein-1),FAS(fat acid synthase)and lipid droplet formation in HKC cells(human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells line).MethodsHKC cells were respectively treated with 100 nmol·L~(-1) insulin for 0,2,4,6,12 h and 24 h.The analysis of SREBP-1 and FAS mRNA was performed by RT-PCR and the expression of SREBP-1 protein was detected by Western blot and immunocytochemistry.Furthermore,Oil Red O staining was used to determine cellular lipid droplet formation.ResultsCompared with HKC cells of 0 h group,there was no difference of SREBP-1 and FAS mRNA in HKC cells of 2 h group.However,the expression of SREBP-1 and FAS mRNA was significantly increased in HKC cells of 4,6 h and 12 h group.Further,the most expression of SREBP-1 and FAS mRNA was at 6 h group and was respectively increased by 3.578 and 4.272 times compared with 0 h group.The results of Western blot showed that the precursor and mature segments of SREBP-1 protein in 4,6 h and 12 h group HKC cells were increased and those of 6 h group HKC cells were the highest and about 4.106 and 5.167 times than those of 0 h group HKC cells.Immunocytochemistry presented the result that SREBP-1 protein was located in the plasma and the expression of 4,6 h and 12 h group HKC cells was significantly higher than that of 0,2 h and 24 h group HKC cells.The result of Oil Red O staining showed that lipid droplet markedly deposited in 6 h group HKC cells,contrarily,no lipid droplet was found in HKC cells of other groups.ConclusionAbove results suggested that insulin up-regulated SREBP-1 and FAS in time-dependent manner that led to cellular lipid droplet deposit,which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of renal lipid accumulation in metabolism syndrome.

Aim To investigate the effects of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1(SOCS-1)on advanced glycation end products(AGEs)induced-renal tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation and activation of JAK/STAT in cultured human renal tubular epithelial cells(HKC).Methods Stable transfections of HKC with pCR3.1 vector and pCR3.1/SOCS-1 were performed with Lipofectamine 2000,and cells were selected with geneticin.Cells were stimulated with BSA and AGEs. The protein expressions of SOCS-1,α-SMA,E-cadherin,Col I,signal transducer and activatior of transcription 1,3(STAT1,STAT3),p-STAT1 and p-STAT3 were observed by Western blot.The protein synthesis of TGF-β_1 in the supernatants of the HKC was detected by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay(ELISA).α-SMA and E-cadherin mRNA were measured by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Compared with control group,the expression levels of α-SMA protein and mRNA and Col I were significantly increased in HKC with AGEs stimulation and there was a higher concentrations of TGF-β_1 in the supernatants.However,the expression of E-cadherin protein and mRNA were decreased with AGEs stimulation.Overexpression of SOCS-1 inhibited AGEs-induced activation of STAT1 and STAT3 and high expression of α-SMA protein and mRNA and Col I,and reversed the expression of E-cadherin protein and mRNA induced by AGEs.Meanwhile,overexpression of SOCS-1 reduced the concentration of TGF-β_1 in the supernatants of HKC with AGEs stimulation.Conclusion Overexpression of SOCS-1 inhibits AGEs-induced renal tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation maybe partly through blocking activation of JAK/STAT.

Aim To investigate the effects of irbesartan on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in HKCs induced by high-glucose.Methods Human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cell line(HKCs)cultured in vitro was divided into four groups:normal-glucose group,mannitol control group,high-glucose group and high-glucose plus irbesartan group.Immunocytochemistry staining was used to observe the expression of β-catenin;the protein expression of Wnt4,β-catenin,E-cadherin and α-SMA was assessed by Western blot;Wnt4 and β-catenin mRNA were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Compared with normal-glucose and mannitol control group,both the protein and the mRNA of Wnt4 were up-regulated in HKCs stimulated by high-glucose.α-SMA expression significantly increased but E-cadherin decreased in HG group.The cytoplastic and nuclear fraction of β-catenin enhanced with highglucose stimulation.But no difference of the total protein and mRNA of β-catenin was observed between highglucose-treatment and control groups.Highglucose induced Wnt4 and β-catenin expression in a time-dependent manner,both peaking at 24 h.Irbesartan reduced the promotional effect of HG on Wnt4 and α-SMA expression,and nuclear translocation of β-catenin.HG-mediated inhibition of E-cadherin was also restored by irbesartan.Conclusion These data supported a functional role for Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway during epithelial-mesenchymal transition of HKCs induced by high glucose and suggested that irbesartan might reverse tubular EMT by regulating activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Objective To increase the understanding in protein-losing enteropathy (PLE).Methods Sixty-one PLE patients were enrolled in the study and the clinical characteristics, complicated disease, diagnosis and treatment were analyzed. Results The age of the patients was 16-77 (40±15)years, and the gender ratio was 35:26 (female: male). The main clinical manifestations were bilateral lower limb edema in 51 cases, ascites in 41 cases, bilateral pleural effusion in 23 cases, pericardial effusion in 13cases, abdominal pain in 16 cases and diarrhea in 33 cases. The prominent abnormality in laboratory examinations was hypoalbuminemia. The underlying diseases include systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in 28 cases, intestinal lymphangiectasia in 12 cases, hepatic cirrhosis in 5 cases, heart diseases in 5 cases,Crohn's disease in 3 cases, membranous nephropathy in 2 cases, Budd-Chiari syndrome in 1 case. Four cases happened after abdominal operation and 1 case after radiation therapy of gastric cardia cancer. Thirtyseven cases were diagnosed by 99Tcm-labelled human serum albumin scintigraphy and 24 cases were diagnosed clinically. Treatment was focused on underlying diseases. The clinical manifestations in 21 cases of SLE improved after SLE was controlled. In 2 cases of intestinal lymphangiectasia and one with Crohn's disease, the clinical manifestations improved after surgery. The other patients had no improvement.Conclusions PLE was not uncommon in clinical practice. Its predominant characteristics were severe hypoalbuminemia, edema and dropsy of serous cavity. PLE can complicate other diseases such as SLE,intestinal lymphangiectasia. Treatment should be focused on primary disease.

Purpose:To Explore the requirements and accuracy for applying Microwave-ELISA Two-Steps-Test to the factory physical examination.Methods:Do the Microwave-ELISA Two-Steps-Test for 1,128 factory physical examination specimens that need the HBsAg and HBeAg inspection;comparing the result to the conventional ELISA test;and retest the specimens with the HBsAg-positive results.Results:There are 119 HBsAg-positive and 32 HBeAg-positive results for the ELISA test;there are 122 HBsAg-positive and 34 HBeAg-positive results for the microwave test;all the HBsAg-positive results are proved to be positive by using the colloid gold HbsAg rapid testing paper.Conclusion:Microwave-ELISA Two-Steps-Test is timesaving,simple and high sensitive for testing Hepatitis-B signs,which can reduce the hook phenomenon and can be used to do the large number of HBsAg and HBeAg checks in factory physical examinations.It can hasten the result report and greatly improve the efficiency.