Objective To investigate the significance of clinical nursing pathway in perioperative period of children with hypospadia.Methods 63 cases of hypospadia children patients were randomly divided into the control group (30 cases)and the experimental group (33 cases).The traditional nursing method was used in the control group,while the clinical nursing pathway was used in the experimental group.Results The hospital stay,hospital charges and complications of the experimental group were less than the control group.The satisfaction degree of the experimental group was higher than the control group.There was significant difference.Conclusions Clinical nursing pathway is a safe and effective nursing model.It can shorten hospital stay,reduce hospital charges,decrease complications,and improve patients' satisfaction degree.

Objectives To analyze a rare autosomal recessive disease, aggrecan type spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD), which was caused by ACAN gene mutations. Methods A 7 years old girl was diagnosed with short stature after excluding growth hormone deficiency, idiopathic short stature, and hypothyroidism. Combining family history and clinical features, SEMD were suspected and genetic tests were performed. Results The patient was found with homozygous mutations of c.512C > T inACAN gene, and was diagnosed with aggrecan type SEMD. Her parents were found to be heterozygous mutation carrier. Conclusions In patients with high suspection of a special type of short stature, early genetic tests should be carried out for a clear diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the symptom characteristis as well as the clinical assessment methods of dysphagia and oral motor function in children with cerebral palsy(CP).Methods A total of 116 children with CP,aged 18 months to 96 months(66 boys and 50 girls),treated in Qingdao Rehabilitation Center for Disabled Children from June 2009 to September 2010,were included in the study.Diagnosis and subtype of CP were determined by neuropaediatrician,the dysphagia disorders survey(DDS)as well as oral motor assessment were conducted by the speech therapists.Results Of the 116 cases,22.4％ of the cases were with mild dysphagia and 34.5％ with moderate to severe dysphagia,resulting in a prevalence of dysphagia of 56.9％.The main problems of these cases occurred during oral phase and pharyngeal phase,including inadequate feeding skills(involving sucking,biting,chewing or/and swallowing),coughing,vomiting and choking during feeding,cry/overextension of neck and head during feeding,drooling,hypertonic tongue and inadequate tongue lateralization.The severe dysphagia was encountered frequently in children with spastic quadriplegic,dyskinetic or mixed type CP children.Of the 116 cases,90 cases(77.59％)were with oral motor dysfunction(including all spastic quadriplegic,dyskinetic or mixed type children).The oral motor scores of CP children were significantly lower than those of the controls(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Oral phase dysphagia and oral motor disorder might be considered as the common clinical problems among the patients with CP,and could be assessed by using DDS combined with oral motor assessment,but for dysphagia during pharyngeal or esophagus phase,the videofluoroscopic modified barium swallow should be used for further evaluation.

Objective To observe the effect of montelukast sodium and ambroxol oral solution in treatment respiratory symptoms caused by mycoplasma infection in children.Methods 147 children who were infected by mycoplasma pneumonia with lower respiratory tracts symptom were randomly divided into A,B,C three groups:group A was control group,group B was treated by montelukast sodium,and group C was treated by montelukast sodium and ambroxol oral solution.Coughing,symptomatic relief of pant were observed in each group.Results After 7 days treatment,the total effective rate of three groups was A group 79.5％,B group 95.7％,C group 96.4％.Compared with group A,the coughing and panting time in group B and group C were significantly shorter(x2 =5.61,9.54,all P ＜0.05),The rate of coughing and panting complete remission in group C was higher compared with group B (x2 =5.39,P ＜ 0.05),but there was no statistificantly significant difference in the total efficency between the two groups.Conclusion Montelukast sodium and ambroxol oral solution can effectively improve the symptoms of respiratory tract infection caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae.

To construct a repetitive, objective and consecutive system for evaluating the angiogenesis of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in vivo, a sterile polyvinyl alcohol sponge disc was implanted into the subcutaneous part of rat and five days later pCMV 4 VEGF 165 expressed plasmid and empty vector pCMV 4 were injected into the sponge, respectively. 7 and 11 days after injection, the tissue ingrowth in the implants and expression of VEGF gene in the serum, the tissues in the sponge and the liver were measured by RT polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) .The pathological section of sponge was stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and immunohistochemistry of Ⅷ factor specific for vascular endothelial cells. The tissue ingrowth in the implants was analysed by image analysis system and statistical analysis was done with Stata Software. The results indicated that the expression of VEGF gene was located at the injection site and promoted the tissue ingrowth in the implants. In brief, the angiogenesis of VEGF was successfully observed using the sponge implant model, which provides lays the theoretical foundation for local gene therapy of ischemic diseases.

Side population (SP) cells are highly enriched for stem cell activity and characterized by their ability to efflux the vital dye Hoechst 33342,because they express the ATP binding cassette (ABC)-dependent transporter ABCG2.SP cells can be selected from main population using flow cytometric analysis.Currently SP cells have been isolated from many tissues and organs.SP cells of different origins have some common characteristics.This article introduces the classifications,surface marker,and characteristics of SP cells.

Cancer stem cells(CSCs) are a small proportion of tumor cells with the property of stem cells in the tumor tissue;they are capable of self-renewal,multi-lineage differentiation and serve as the source of tumor cells and tumor tissues.The discovery of multiple myeloma CSCs and the study on its relationship with side population cells and niche provide a new interpretation on the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma.

Objective To investigate the effects of neurotrophics and rehabilitation on the neural function recovery after the hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in rats. Methods Model rats of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury were given monosialotetrahexosylganglioside sodium(GM1, n=8), mouse nerve growth factor (NGF, n=8), both drugs (n=8), rehabilitation (n=8), both drugs+rehabilitation (n=8) and control (nointervention, n=8). The other 7 rats was as sham group. They were assessed with hanging and inclined plane test when 30 days old. ResultsIn the factorial design, main effect of GM1 was significant (P<0.05) but NGF (P>0.05) in hanging test; while both were significant in inclinedplane test. The interaction was not significant (P>0.05) in both tests. The main effects of drugs and rehabilitation were significant (P<0.05), as well as the interaction (P<0.05) in both tests. Conclusion GM1 may significantly improve muscle strength, voluntary movement,balance and coordination functions, and NGF may improve the balance and coordination functions. No interaction is found when combinedwith the two therapies. Rehabilitation may significantly improve muscle strength, voluntary movement, coordination and balance, and synergyeffects can be gained when combined with the drugs.

As a novel fluorescent nanomaterial,quantum dots (QDs) have a prospect for wide application. However , the adverse effects of QDs have become a concern among and more researchers. The toxic actions of QDs in vivo are closely associated with the biotransport and bio?transformation of QDs,which can be affected by the exposure pathways,exposure dose,surface modification and the particle size. Among them,the exposure pathways can affect the absorption and distribution of QDs in vivo,the exposure dose can affect the metabolism and excretion,thus influencing the distribution of QDs in vivo ,the surface modification can affect the distribution ,metabolism and excretion of QDs in vivo,the particle size can affect the absorption,distribution and excretion of QDs in vivo,and larger QDs are more likely to remain in the body and difficult to remove. QDs can enter the body through the circulatory system,get accumulated and degraded in the liver,kidney and other organs. The degraded products can be excerted through excrement and urine under the metabolism in the liver,spleen and kidneys. In addition,QDs can interact with biological macromolecules in the body,causing DNA damage,affecting the function and gene expression level of the liver,kidney,nervous system and other organs,and resulting in pathological and functional damage to tissues and organs.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the characters of urinary noscomial infection in intensive care unit(ICU)of our hospital in order to reduce its incidence. METHODS The 661 patients in ICU of our hospital from Jan 2005 to Jun 2006 were analyzed,and in which 63 nosocomial urinary infection patients(9.53%) were found.We analyzed the 63 patients retrospectively. RESULTS Nosocomial urinary infection occurred in 9.53% patients admitted to the ICU.Nosocomial urinary infection in ICU was correlated with ages,using of antibiotics and hormones,duration of catheterization and APACHEⅡ score,but not with gender.The most prevalent pathogens of nosocomial urinary infection in ICU were fungi(40.66%),gram-negative bacteria(31.87%) and Gram-positive bacteria(27.46%).The clinical manifestation of nosocomial urinary infection in ICU was atypical. CONCLUSIONS Nosocomial urinary infection in ICU has its own characters which clinicians should pay more attention to.To reduce its incidence,we should avoid abusing of antibiotics and hormones,and make the duration of catheterization as short as possible.