AIM: To compare the effects of histamine and its antagonists on tension of isolated rabbit basilar and mesenteric artery in vitro, and to observe the role of Ca 2+ in histamine induced response. METHODS: The dose response curves induced by histamine were recorded on the isolated rabbit central and peripheral arteries in different doses of diphenhydramine, cimitidine, and nifidipine. RESULTS: Histamine could cause contraction of basilar and mesenteric isolated arteries. Diphenhydramine and nifidipine antagonized these effects, while cimitidine enhanced this effect. CONCLUSION: There may be different receptors densities in different rabbit arteries; histamine shows the vasoconstrictive effect on both brain and mesenteric arteries; and the vasoconstrictive effect mainly produces via Ca 2+ inflax.

Objective To establish a method for determination of Icariin in Yishengling granules (Sucrose-free) by HPLC. Methods Using a column packed with C18 and mixture of acetonitrile-water (30∶70) as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the temperature was 30 ℃. The detection wavelength was at 270 nm. Result The linear range of Icariin was 4.1～20.5 ?g (r=1). The mean recovery was 102.90% and RSD was 1.72%. Conclusion The method is simple, reliable and rapid, and can be applied to the quality control of Yishenling granules (Sucrose-free).

AIM: To observe the anticonvulsant action of L-histidine in mice. METHODS: The anticonvulsant effect of L-histidine, and the antagonism of dl-chlorpheniramine to L-histidine were observed in convulsion mice induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and electric stimulation. RESULTS: L-histidine exerted remarkable anticonvulsant action with dose-response relationship in convulsion mice induced by pentylenetetrazole and electric stimulation, and the action was partly antagonized by dl-chlorpheniramine. CONCLUSION: L-histidine has anticonvulsant effect, and the action was partly antagonized by dl-chlorpheniramine, suggesting that L-histidine can pass the BBS and enter the central nervous system.

Objective To evaluate pit pattern analysis for detection of early colorectal carcinoma and precancerous lesions. Methods A total of 162 lesions in 144 patients were examined with magnifying colonoscopy after staining, and their pit patter was analyzed with morphology and pathologic diagnosis. Results With confirmation of pathology, there were 34 non-neoplastic lesions and 128 neoplastic ones, in which 12 were carcinomas. The pit patterns in most non-neoplastic lesions (76. 5%, 26/34) were type Ⅰ or Ⅱ , and those in most neoplastic lesions (96. 1% , 123/128) was type Ⅲ, Ⅳ or Ⅴ. Pit patterns of cancerous lesions were mainly type Ⅴ (75.0%, 9/12), and those of 3 cases of advanced cancers were all type Ⅴ N. Conclusion Pit pattern classification is a very important tool to differentiate between neoplastic, nonneoplastic lesions and early cancer, which helps to decide later therapeutic intervention.

Objective To study the effects of mechanical strain on the proliferation of the human pulmonary epithelial cell and the redistribution of its membrane receptors, integrins ? 5 and ? 1. Methods A cyclic strain unit in vitro was designed. The cellular proliferative index was measured by flow cytometry and the redistribution of ? 5 and ? 1 integrins was analyzed in human pulmonary epithelial cell line H727 by laser confocal microscopy. Results The cellular proliferative index reduced significantly after cells were subjected to 15% elongation at frequencies of 20 cycles/min or 40 cycles/min for 24 h. In human pulmonary epithelial H727 cells, ? 5 and ? 1 integrins transferred from the apical layer to the basal layer and formed an adhesion plaque after 24 h exposure to 15% elongation at frequency of 40 cycles/min. Conclusion The results suggest that ? 5 and ? 1 integrins in pulmonary epithelial cells may play an important role in the transduction of mechanical stress.

Objective To study the quantitative expression and the correlation of the NF-κB p65,COX-2 and MMP-9 Drotein in the hypopharyngeal carcinoma tissue.Methods FCM method was performed to detect the quantitative expression of the NF-κB p65,COX-2 and MMP-9 protein in 48 cases of hypopharyngeal carcinoma fresh sample and 48 cases of para-carcinoma tissue.Fluorescence Index wasdeftned as the quantitative expression index of the three proteins.Results The quantitative expression of the NF-κB p65,COX-2 and MMP-9 in hypopharyngeal carcinoma tissues(1.16,1.32 and 1.26) was remarkably higher than in para-carcinoma(1.03,1.04 and 1.04).The quantitative expression of three proteins in metastasis group was obviously higher than in non-metastasis group.The expression of NF-κB p65 and COX-2 protein in hypopharvngeal carcinoma tissues was positively related (P＜0.05). Conclusion The high expression of NF-κB p65 and COX-2 is closely related in hypopharyngeal carcinoma tissues.NF-κB p65 might improve the expression of COX-2.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare the Albendazole nanoliposomes freeze-dried power and study its properties. METHODS:Freeze-drying method was conducted to prepare Albendazole nanoliposomes freeze-dried power,using the particle size,encapsula-tion efficiency,appearance,redispersibility as indexes,single factor test was combined with orthogonal test to screen freeze-drying preparation technology. The morphological changes,particle size,Zeta potential,moisture content,12 months stability at 4 ℃ be-fore and after freeze-drying were detected. RESULTS:Plus a total content of freeze-dried protective agent was 10%,the ratio of glucose-trehalose-mannitol was 1.0:1.0:3.0,using quick-freeze,pre-freezing 18 h in -35 ℃ refrigerator,dry-freezing 48 h to ob-tain freeze-dried powder. Compared with before freeze-drying,the freeze-dried liposomal morphology had no obvious changes, showing clear phospholipid bilayer membrane structure;the particle sizes before and after freeze-drying were (208.63 ± 1.04) nm and (223.04 ± 2.02) nm,Zeta potentials were (-15.6 ± 0.04) mV and (-19.4 ± 0.06) mV,encapsulation efficiencies were (94.62±0.49)%and(91.10±0.46)%(n=3),respectively. Compared with liposomes,liposomes freeze-dried power had good sta-bility in 12 months at 4 ℃. CONCLUSIONS:Albendazole nanoliposomes freeze-dried power is prepared successfully,its stability is superior to albendazole nanoliposomes,and the freeze-drying technology is feasible.

Objective To test experimentally Fluoro-Jade B(FJB) stain method for detecting degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia. Methods Kainic acid(KA)-lesion model by stereotaxical injection of KA into striatum of rats,MPTP-lesion model by injection of MPTP into intraperitoneal cavity of mice,as well as KA-lesion model of cultured striatal cells were firstly prepared.FJB stain dye was then used to visualize degeneration of neurons in above KA-or MPTP-lesion models. Results KA-or MPTP-induced degenerative neurons including cell bodies and processes could be clearly visualized by FJB stain dye.In the brain sections,FJB-positive stained degenerative neurons were numerously observed in the striatum of KA-lesion rats and the substantia nigra pars compacta of MPTP-treated mice,but not detected in the control animals.Moreover,degenerative neurons were also detected with FJB stain in cultured striatal neurons.Semi-quantitative analysis on percentage(?s) of FJB-positive neurons constituting total cultured striatal neurons in unit area showed that degenerative neurons of KA-lesion group (8.42?1.09)% was evidently more than that of controls (3.42?0.45)%,P

Objective:To explore the effect of 1-methyltryptophan (1-MT) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced permeability and apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).Methods:HUVECs were treated with phosphate buffer saline (PBS, control group), 1 μg/mL LPS (LPS group), and LPS combined with 1 mmol/L 1-MT (1-MT group). The expression levels of the p120 concatemer (p120ctn), vascular endothelial (VE) cadherin, caspase-3, and DNA repair enzyme polyadenylate ribose polymerase-1 (PARP) after incubation at 8 h were detected using Western blot. The concentrations of kynurenine (Kyn) after incubation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 h were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and indoleamine2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity was calculated. Comparisons among groups were performed using the LSD- t test. Results:Compared with the control group, the expression of caspase-3 [(74.01±7.91)% vs (157.14±7.63)%, P<0.01] and the concentration of Kyn were significantly up-regulated, while the expression of p120ctn [(49.12±2.15)% vs (37.61±1.80)%, P<0.01], VE-cadherin [(107.70±7.01)% vs (90.66±2.58)%, P=0.027], and PARP-1 [(67.95± 3.08)% vs (57.93±5.26)%, P=0.038] were significantly down-regulated, and IDO activity was significantly increased in the LPS group ( P<0.05). Compared with the LPS group, the expression of caspase-3 [(157.14±7.63)% vs (110.74±7.89)%, P<0.01] was significantly down-regulated, while the expression of p120ctn [(37.61±1.80)% vs (47.19±0.82)%, P<0.01], VE-cadherin [(90.66±2.58)% vs (107.27±9.89)%, P=0.029], and PARP-1 [(57.93±5.26)% vs (74.12±4.90)%, P=0.005] were significantly up-regulated, and the activity of IDO was significantly decreased over time in the 1-MT group ( P<0.05). No significant differences were observed between the PBS and 1-MT groups in the protein levels of p120ctn, VE-cadherin, and PARP-1 protein as well as Kyn concentration and IDO activity ( P>0.05), while the expression of caspase-3 was increased in 1-MT group ( P=0.001). Conclusions:LPS aggravates the permeability of HUVECs, which can be reversed by 1-MT via inhibiting IDO activity and reducing Kyn concentrations. Moreover, 1-MT can also reduce apoptosis, which may be via increasing the expression of PARP-1 and reducing the expression of caspase-3, thus protecting endothelial cells.

Objective To assess the value of bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) in the differential diagnosis of Parkinson' s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA).Methods BCR was compared in 55 patients with PD,20 patients with MSA,and 50 healthy controls,who were enrolled from the Department of Neurology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from May 2013 to April 2014.The clinical features of autonomic nerves dysfunction were also recorded.Results Among all related autonomic symptoms,the occurrence rate of constipation,urinary urgency and frequency in patients with MSA was higher than those with PD.The elicit percent of BCR in patients with PD was 93％,higher than those with MSA (70％).The average latency of BCR in patients with MSA was longer than those with PD (tmale left =16.275,tmale right =14.269,tfemale left =5.954,tfemmale right =5.905,all P ＜ 0.05).The degree of BCR amplitude decreasing in three groups was MSA ＞ PD ＞ healthy controls.There was statistically significant difference among three groups (Fmale left =75.73,Fmale right =73.13,Ffemale left =72.70,Ffemale right =59.44,all P ＜ 0.05).The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) in differential diagnosis of PD and MSA of the average latency of BCR in male and female was 0.947 and 0.948.The area under ROC curve in differential diagnosis of PD and MSA of the average amplitude of BCR in male and female was 0.886 and 0.920.The ROC curve showed the average latency of BCR in male of 44.80 ms with a sensitivity of 95％ and a specificity of 84％,and in female of 61.35 ms with a sensitivity of 86％ and a specificity of 88％ ; the average amplitude of BCR in male of 0.37 mV with a sensitivity of 96％ and a specificity of 68％,and in female of 0.36 mV with a sensitivity of 98％ and a specificity of 76％,which were critical cutoff values in differential diagnosis of PD and MSA with the best sensitivity and specificity.Conclusion The latency and amplitude of BCR test helps to increase the accuracy in the differential diagnosis of PD and MSA.