Epilepsy is a common disease in the elderly, but drug therapy for epilepsy faces difficulties due to comorbidities, drug combinations and altered pharmacokinetics in the elderly.This article reviews the selection, adverse reactions, metabolism and drug interactions of epilepsy drugs in the elderly.

A questionnaire survey was conducted in 724 students from three junior high schools in Shanghai Jinshan district.Total 642 students completed the questionnaire with a response rate of 88.7％,among them 75 were overweighted or obese.The positive rate of 6 out 8 unhealthy psycho-behavioral practices related to weight control in overweight or obese students was significantly higher than that of students with normal weight (all P ＜ 0.05).Binary logistic backward stepwise regression analysis showed that overweight or obesity was risk factor for the unhealthy psycho-behavior practices related to weight control in adolescent students.

AIM: To investigate the effects of three extracts of Fufang Dihuang decoction on the relaxation of mesentery artery in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: Diabetic rat model was induced by i.p injection STZ at a dosage of 60 mg?kg~ -1 . 30 d later, 95% ethanol, 70% ethanol or water extract of Radix Rehmanniae was p.o administrated for 30 d at the dosage of 107.8 , 154.7 and 56.8 mg?kg~ -1 , respectively. On the 60th day, the responses of mesentery artery were determined in the absence or presence of L-argine (L-Arg), N-Nitro-L-argine (NLA) and Indomethacin (Ind). RESULTS: The relaxation of mesentery artery of diabetic rat was diminished compared with the normal control. The basal release of NO and the L-argine-induced release of NO decreased 64.6 %, 77.6 % respectively in diabetic group compared with the normal control, with the decreased proportion of NO in the endothelium dependent relaxation. 95% and 70% ethanol extract of Fufang Dihuang decoction ameliorated the impaired release of NO in rat's mesentery artery. CONCLUSION: Abnormal relaxation of mesentery artery in diabetic rat may be due to the decreased releasing of NO. The extracts of Fufang Dihuang decoction can protect the endothelium cells and improve the relaxation of mesentery artery, among them 70% ethanol extract exert the best potency, followed by 95% ethanol extract. And the water extract has a poor effect.

Objective To analyze the influence of peptidimer-c on the gene expression profiling of K562 cells and investigate the mechanism of peptidimer-c inducing the apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation of K562cells.Methods Trypan blue staining technique was performed for counting the number of living K562 cells treated with peptidimer-c.The ultrastructure changes of K562 cells treated with peptidimer-c was observed under transmission electron microscope.The Human U133 Plus 3.0 gene chips were used to detect the differentially expressed genes of K562 cells treated with peptidimer-c.Reverse transcription PCR was conducted to confirm some genes identified by gene chips.Results Peptidimer-c could induce the apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells.Peptidimer-c caused widely changes of the gene expression profiles of K562 cells.The chip data suggested that there were 529 differentially expressed genes,of which 455 genes were up-regulated and 74 genes were down-regulated.The relevant apoptotic genes were down-regulated markedly,including JUN,AXUD1,TNFRSF10B,etc.Fifteen of the differentially expressed genes were detected by RT-PCR,which was consistent with the chip data.Conclusion Peptidimer-c may induce aooptosis of K562 cells by activating the TNF/TNFR family and the JUN family.

Objective To evaluate pit pattern analysis for detection of early colorectal carcinoma and precancerous lesions. Methods A total of 162 lesions in 144 patients were examined with magnifying colonoscopy after staining, and their pit patter was analyzed with morphology and pathologic diagnosis. Results With confirmation of pathology, there were 34 non-neoplastic lesions and 128 neoplastic ones, in which 12 were carcinomas. The pit patterns in most non-neoplastic lesions (76. 5%, 26/34) were type Ⅰ or Ⅱ , and those in most neoplastic lesions (96. 1% , 123/128) was type Ⅲ, Ⅳ or Ⅴ. Pit patterns of cancerous lesions were mainly type Ⅴ (75.0%, 9/12), and those of 3 cases of advanced cancers were all type Ⅴ N. Conclusion Pit pattern classification is a very important tool to differentiate between neoplastic, nonneoplastic lesions and early cancer, which helps to decide later therapeutic intervention.

[Objective] To investigate the epidemiology of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the aged from Luohu district of Shenzhen city and to analyze the related factors. [ Methods ] Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaire in Chinese was used to investigate MCI in 410 aged people from eight Communities of Luohu district, Shenzhen. [Results] The incidence of MCI in this survey was 21.46% and the MMSE scoring varied with age, educational level and sex (P

Objective:To study the clinical significance of early detection of soluble growth stimulating gene 2 protein (sST2) and prealbumin (PAB) in patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease (CPHD) complicated with refractory heart failure.Methods:From September 2017 to June 2019, 112 CPHD patients complicated with refractory heart failure were admitted to Hengshui People's Hospital. The selected patients met the revised guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2013 revision) and the cardiac function grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ according to the grading criteria of the New York Cardiology Society. Cardiogenic shock, severe liver and kidney dysfunction, malignant tumors, anemia, and autoimmune diseases were excluded. Patients were divided into the high PAB group (≥200 mg/L) and the low PAB group (<200 mg/L) according to the PAB level on admission. The pulmonary artery systolic blood pressure (PASP), pulmonary artery mean pressure (MPAP), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were observed in the two groups before and after the treatment. PAB, total bilirubin (TBIL), hypersensitive C reactive protein (hs-CPR), N-terminal B type brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and sST2 levels were detected. Measurement data were expressed in terms of mean ± standard deviation, the counting data were compared using χ 2 test. Correlation analysis was conducted using Spearman correlation test. Results:There were 40 cases in the high PAB group and 72 cases in the low PAB group. There were no statistically significant differences in general data between the high PAB and low PAB groups ( P>0.05). Hospitalization time was significantly different between the two groups ( P<0.05). Before the treatment, there were no significant differences in PASP, MPAP, NT-proBNP and LVEF between the two groups ( P>0.05). High sST2 was significantly different between the two groups ( P<0.05). After the treatment, PASP, MPAP, NT-proBNP and sST2 were decreased in both groups, and the improvement was more obvious in the high PAB group than in the low PAB group, with statistical significance ( P<0.05). Before the treatment, the levels of TBIL and hs-CPR were not statistically different between the high PAB and low PAB groups ( P>0.05). However, the levels of TBIL and hs-CPR were beyond the normal range. After the treatment, TBIL and hs-CPR were decreased in both groups, and there was statistically significant difference between the two groups ( P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that PAB was negatively correlated with sST2 ( r=-0.778, P=0.001). There was a positive correlation between cardiac function and sST2 ( r=0.569, P=0.034), hospitalization time ( r=0.572, P=0.033) in patients with refractory heart failure. The higher the sST2 of CPHD with refractory heart failure, the longer the patient hospitalization time, and the more serious the heart failure was. The area under the combined ROC curve of PAB and sST2 was 0.756. CPHD patients with refractory heart failure had the greatest predictive value. Conclusion:The combined test of sST2 and PAB can evaluate the condition and outcome of CPHD patients with refractory heart failure, and guide the clinic.

Objective To analyze the characteristic of serum proteins in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, establish serum markers pattern for the diagnosis of NSCLC. Methods Surface enhanced laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectormetry ( SELDI-TOF-MS) technology was used to analyze serum samples. Bio-marker Pattern Software (BPS) was used to detect the protein peaks. Results Sixteen significantly different pro-tein peaks were found in serum samples in NSCLC patients and healthy controls. Eight up-regulated protein peaks and eight down-regulated protein peaks ( P < 0. 001 ) were identified in serum samples of NSCLC patients. Three up-regulated protein peaks(P <0. 05) were identified in serum samples of patients of NSCLC with smoking history. Two up-regulated protein peaks(P <0. 01) were identified in serum samples of patients of squamous carcinoma comparing with adenocarcinoma. No significantly different protein peak was found in serum samples of NSCLC patients at different clinical stages . Conclusion SELDI - TOF - MS technology can identify different protein peaks and so function as a diagnostic tool with high sensitivity and specificity.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy ofXing Nao Kai Qiao(brain-awakening orifice-opening) needling method plus Frenkel's balance rehabilitation exercise in treating lower-limb dysfunction due to different types of ataxia after stroke.MethodA total of 115 eligible patients were randomized into two groups. Fifty-seven cases in the treatment group were intervened by Xing Nao Kai Qiaoneedling plus rehabilitation training; 58 cases in the control group were intervened byXing Nao Kai Qiaoneedling method alone. Berg Balance Scale (BBS) was adopted to evaluate the symptoms, balance function, and therapeutic efficacy before and after the treatment.Result In the treatment group, the markedly effective rate was respectively 72.2%, 83.3% and 61.1% in the cerebella subtype, brainstem subtype and basal ganglia subtype, and the total effectiverate was respectively 100.0%, 94.4% and 94.4%; in the control group, the markedly effective rate was respectively 21.1%, 35.0% and 58.8%, and the total effective rate was respectively 94.7%, 85.0% and 82.4%, and the between-group differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After the treatment, the BBS score showed significant intra-group differences in both groups (P<0.01); the between-group comparisons showed that there were significant differences in comparing the scores of cerebella and brainstem subtypes after the treatment (P<0.05).ConclusionXing Nao Kai Qiaoneedling method plus Frenkel's rehabilitation exercise can effectively improve the symptoms of poststroke lower-limb ataxia, especially for cerebella and brainstem subtypes.

Objective:To investigate whether radiotherapy should be delivered before the application of immune checkpoint inhibitor PD-1 in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and evaluate the effect of previous radiotherapy on the efficacy and pulmonary toxicity of PD-1 inhibitor.Methods:Clinical data of patients with stage Ⅳ NSCLC who received immunotherapy in Henan Cancer Hospital from March 2015 to September 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The baseline data of patients, the status of radiotherapy and immunotherapy and the pulmonary toxicity were collected. According to whether radiotherapy was given before PD-1 inhibitor application, all patients were divided into the previous radiotherapy and non-radiotherapy groups. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan- Meier method. Results:A total of 90 patients were enrolled including 39 cases in the previous radiotherapy group and 51 cases in the non-radiotherapy group. The median follow-up time was 22.9 months. The median progression-free survival (mPFS) in the previous radiotherapy group was 7.5 months (95% CI 5.4-9.5 months), significantly longer compared with 4.1 months (95% CI 3.1-5.1 months) in the non-radiotherapy group ( P=0.003). The median overall survival (mOS) significantly differed between two groups[15.2 months (95% CI 12.3-18.1 months) vs. 9.3 months (95% CI 6.1-12.5 months)]( P=0.040). The incidence of pulmonary toxicity showed no significant difference between two groups ( P=0.154). Conclusions:Patients with stage Ⅳ NSCLC patients in the previous radiotherapy group obtain significantly better mPFS and mOS and similar pulmonary toxicity compared with their counterparts in the non-radiotherapy group. Nevertheless, the findings remain to be validated by subsequent investigations with larger sample size.