Objective To compase laparoscopic vs open appendectomy in the treatment of appendicitis.Methods The clinical data of 1 716 appendicitis patients are studied in the form of retrospective summary,who were hospitalized in Jilin University China-Japan Union Hospital from 2009 to 2014.Patients were divided into laparoscopic appendectomy group and open appendectomy group.Duration of operation,surgical complications and postoperative recovery were evaluated.The chi-test and the student t test were used for statistics.Results More patients in open group with chronic lung disease,or a history of previous abdominal surgery than in the laparoscopic group (x2 =3.527,22.804,P ＜ 0.05);the postoperative deep vein thrombosis,intestinal obstruction,abdominal abscess and infection of incision in open group were more often seen than in laparoscopic group (x2 =4.179,4.71,7.351,8.766,P ＜ 0.05);Open group scored higher than laparoscopic group on the index of 24 hours of postoperative pain (t =-3.163,P =0.004);duration of surgery was similar (t =1.754,P =0.092 2);the laparoscopic group was better in recovery time of postoperative intestinal peristalsis,average length of scar and the average hospital stay (t =3.460,-15.335,-3.629,P ＜ 0.05).While the average hospitalization cost in open group is less than in the laparoscopic group (t =5.763,P =0.001).Conclusions Both laparoscopic appendectomy and open appendectomy were effective for the treatment of appendicitis,while laparoscopic appendectomy is superior to open procedure in reducing postoperative pain,postoperative complications promoting rapid recovery,shortening hospital stay and more cosmetic.

Objective To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the implementation of blind nasojejunal (NJ) tube placement and enteral nutrition (EN) in neurosurgical severe coma patients in intensive care unit (ICU).Methods Seventy-nine neurosurgical severe coma patients admitted to ICU were randomly divided into conventional group (blind NJ tube placement,n =40) and EA group (NJ placement and EA,n =39).EA was performed after NJ tube placement at bilateral acupoints Zusanli (ST36) and Hegu (L14) points using EA treatment instrument.The impelling distance of NJ tube were measured and the success rate of NJ tube placement were calculated.The postoperative complications were observed.Results The difference of NJ tube impelling distances at the 24th,48th,and 72th hours after surgery in EA group were significant longer than that in conventional group (P ＜ 0.05).The success rates of NJ tube placement at the 24th and 72nd hours after surgery in EA group were significantly better than that in conventional group (P ＜ 0.05).Their EN calories qualifiedness rate in 72 hours also increased significantly compared with conventional group and the proportion of patients assisted with parenteral nutrition decreased (P ＜0.05).The postoperative complications including alimentary tract hemorrhage,vomiting,and abdominal distension decreased remarkably in EA group compared with conventional group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions EA stimulation at acupoints could promote the gastrointestinal peristalsis of neurosurgical severe coma patients and elevate the success rate of blind NJ tube placement,so it is beneficial for the implementation of early enteral nutrition (EEN).

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of prone ventilation in rats with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced extra pulmonary acute lung injury(ALI). Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group,ALI group,supine position group(ALIS group)and prone position group(ALIP group). The ALI animal model was reproduced by intra-peritoneal injection of LPS 6 mg/kg,and 2 mL/kg sterile saline was intra-peritoneally injected in control group. After 24 hours,the ALIS group and ALIP group were mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in supine and prone positions respectively. Arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2),carbon dioxide partial pressure(PaCO2),wet to dry weight ratio of lung(W/D) were observed,and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukins(IL-6,IL-10)in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)were measured. The degrees of histopathological changes of lung were investigated and assessed under light microscope. Results Compared with control group,PaO2 was significantly lower in ALI,ALIS and ALIP groups〔mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa):68±7,82±8,93±7 vs. 116±7〕,and the PaCO2 in ALI and ALIS groups was obviously higher(mmHg:53±6,51±5 vs. 43±7,both P<0.05);lung W/D ratio as well as levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 in BALF were significantly higher in ALI,ALIS and ALIP groups〔lung W/D ratio:5.11±0.32, 4.71±0.38,4.53±0.45 vs. 4.48±0.15,TNF-α(ng/L):548±82,431±64,347±53 vs. 162±16,IL-6(ng/L):772±119,587±178,490±139 vs. 127±16,IL-10(ng/L):211±43,295±36,352±59 vs. 104±31,all P<0.05〕. Compared with ALI group,PaO2 in ALIS and ALIP groups was significantly higher,and in ALIP group,PaCO2 was lower,lung W/D ratio,TNF-α and IL-6 in BALF were obviously lower,while IL-10 in BALF was obviously higher(all P<0.05). Compared with ALIS group,the changes in ALIP group were more significant(all P<0.05). Compared with ALIS group,under light microscope,it was shown that the hyper-inflated areas were less,normal and collapsed areas were greater on the ventral side,and the collapsed area was less and the normal ventilation area was greater on the dorsal side in ALIP group(all P<0.05). Conclusion In rats with LPS-induced extra pulmonary ALI,the prone ventilation can improve gas exchange,promote uniform distribution of ventilation,decrease pulmonary edema and in the mean time attenuate inflammatory response.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between CD4+ T lymphocyte count and results of enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) coinfected patients.Methods A total of 193 HIV-infected individuals in Yunnan Province and Shanghai were enrolled.T-SPOT.TB assay was employed to detect M.tb specific T lymphocyte in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).CD4+ T lymphocyte in PBMC from the enrolled subjects was detected by flow cytometry.Data were analyzed using t test.ResultsThe incidence of latent tuberculosis in HIV-infected individuals was 30.6％.The CD4+ T lymphocyte counts in HIV-infected individuals with active tuberculosis were 190×106/L,which were significantly lower than those in HIV-infected individuals with latent tuberculosis (484×106/L; t=6.665,P＜0.01).The HIV-infected individuals were stratified according to CD4+ T lymphocyte counts of ＞500×106/L,200×106-500×106/L,and ＜200×106/L and the constituent ratios of active tuberculosis/latent tuberculosis were 1∶16.2,1∶1.3 and 5.6∶1,respectively.Among 79 subjects with positive T-SPOT.TB results,20 were coinfected with active tuberculosis,in which 14 had CD4+ T lymphocyte counts of ＜200 ×106/L,5 had 200×105-500×106/L and 1 had ＞500×106/L.Fifty-two in 59 HIV/latent tuberculosis patients individuals had CD4+ T lymphocyte counts of ＞200×106/L.ConclusionsThe prevalence of latent tuberculosis in HIV-infected individuals is high in China.Cellular immunity in HIV-infected individuals with active tuberculosis is severely impaired.With the decrease of CD4 ′ T lymphocyte counts,patients with latent tuberculosis are prone to develop active tuberculosis in HIV-infected individuals.The negative predictive value of T-SPOT.TB is significantly diminished in patient with low CD4+ T lymphocyte counts,especially less than 200×106/L.

Objective: To understand the public health emergency response capacity in primary and secondary schools, and to explore the problems and challenges in the prevention and control of public health emergency in primary and secondary schools for specific strategies. Methods: By using the stratified group sampling method, a questionnaire survey on general situation, knowledge, attitude and training, as well as public health emergencies response capacity among 2 988 teachers or leaders responsible for school emergency response in primary and secondary schools from Beijing, Chongqing and Yunnan. Results: Participants varied on their positions, titles, educational background and knowledge accuracy. Higher knowledge accuracy was associated with higher educational background ( χ 2=50.73-203.36, P < 0.05 ). The implementation of regular public health emergency related programs was poorly conducted in high schools (50.0%). Urban schools (42.0%) had higher proportion of qualified health care professionals than rural schools (18.2%), and private schools (48.5%) was higher than public schools (24.7%). The primary challenges included the shortage of guidance from professionals and the lack of related testing equipment (84.91%, 74.03%). Conclusion Although the ability of emergency handling of public health emergencies in schools in the three regions is advancing with the times, there are still many deficiencies, some omissions in the mastery of knowledge. It is suggested to inerease pre service and special training of school health work CDC should strengthen technical guidance and work supervision of infectious disease management in schools.

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune subepidermal blistering skin disease,and a large number of eosinophils (EOS) obviously infiltrate the dermis of BP lesions.Additionally,EOS and their activated cytokines and chemokines are abundantly present in blisters and peripheral blood of BP patients.It is also proved that EOS can induce the dermal-epidermal separation.The level of interleukin (IL)-5 is markedly increased in the sera and blister fluids of BP patients,and IL-5 secreted by Th2 cells and EOS can regulate the differentiation,activation and survival of EOS.All the above evidence indicates that EOS are associated with the occurrence of BP.Researches on EOS and their cytokines will develop a new field of targeted therapy for BP.

In daily medical work, most of the critically ill patients who cannot move by themselves are pulled and lifted by manpower, often relying on the cooperation of many doctors and nurses, which not only increases the risk of transfer and patients' discomfort, but also causes certain skeletal and muscle damage to the porters. The emergency department of the First Hospital of Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province designed a kind of patient transfer device, and obtained the National Utility Model Patent (ZL 2018 2 0579844.X). The transfer device is composed of upper frame, lower frame and base. The upper frame and the lower frame are rectangular and in a horizontal position. The upper frame can slide laterally through the circular tubes which are fixed on the lower frame. The lower part of the base is provided with four universal foot brake wheels. During the usage, the booster frame facilitates the transfer of patients by the rolling and two sliding tracks of the circular tube, which can make patients move smoothly and comfortably, and reduce the working intensity of the transporter. This device has good practical value.

The differential diagnosis between pancreatic inflammatory mass and pancreatic cancer is difficult and is a challenge in clinical work. At present, a variety of CT and MRI imaging techniques have been applied in the differential diagnosis between these two conditions. This article reviews the progress in this aspect, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, to provide reference for clinical application.

Objective: To explore the epidemiological characteristics of mortality of accidental injury children aged 5-19 years in Yunnan Province during 2015-2019, to provide further evidence for reducing accidental mortality in children. Methods: The mortality cases of accidental injury by gender, age groups, and causes among children and adolescents in Yunnan Province during 2015 to 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Poisson regression model was used to estimate the trend of mortality. Chi square test was used to compare the differences of mortality by gender and age groups. Results: During 2015 to 2019, the mortality rate of accidental injury in children and adolescents aged 5-19 years in Yunnan Province decreased from 19.15/10 5 in 2015 to 18.35/10 5 in 2019 (Z=-3.36, P <0.01). The mortality rate of all types of accidental injuries in male was higher than that in female ( χ 2=867.01, 11.69 , 147.60, 190.34, 7.23, 702.97, P <0.05). The top three causes of fatal accidental injuries included road traffic accidents, drowning and falls. Except for accidental falls, the mortality rate of other causes in the 15-19 age group was significantly higher than that in the age of 5-9 years and 10-14 years groups ( χ 2=764.47, 75.91, 31.75, 9.24, 114.96, 327.64, P <0.05). The top three traffic accidents were happened among motorcyclists, light trucks or caravans and cars, accounting for 27.83%, 10.57% and 7.90% respectively. Conclusion Targeted measures should be taken continuously according to the characteristics of children and adolescents in different regions, age groups and gender to reduce the incidence and mortality of accidental injuries among children.

OBJECTIVETo construct a lentiviral expression vector for human VHL and its shRNA vector, and study the effect of VHL on proliferation and apoptosis of renal cell carcinoma cell lines.

METHODSLentiviral vectors pZsGreen1-VHL and pLL3.7-shVHL were constructed and transfected into 293T cells with 3 packaging plasmids by Lipofectamine(TM) 2000 reagent. The supernatant was collected to infect A498 and Caki-1 cells, respectively. VHL mRNA and protein levels were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The effect of VHL on the proliferation, cell cycle and cell apoptosis were analyzed by MTS and flow cytometry.

RESULTSThe recombinant lentiviral vectors were successfully constructed. The proliferation of A498 cells with reconstituted wild-type VHL was significantly inhibited, while the proliferation of Caki-1 cells with VHL knockdown was significantly enhanced as compared with the control cells (P<0.05). VHL induced G0/G1-S cell cycle arrest. The apoptosis rate of A498 cells with reconstituted wild-type VHL was significantly increased while that of Caki-1 cells with VHL knockdown was significantly lowered compared with the control cells (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONVHL can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of renal cell carcinoma cells.

Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; pathology ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Lentivirus ; Plasmids ; RNA, Messenger ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Transfection ; Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein ; genetics