Objective To explore the influence of fixed in advance on the positive rate and integral of neutrophilic alkaline phosphatase (NAP) dyeing.Methods Totally 182 cases of fresh venous blood from inpatients in the top three hospital department of hematology were randomly selected and anticoagulated in the EDTA-K2 vacuum tube.Three blood smears from which were prepared as follows:the first blood smear(Named A) NAP dyeing completed within an hour;the second one (Named B) were fixed in advanceand NAP dyeing after one day;the third one (Named C) didn′t do any processing and NAP dyeing after one day.At the same time,the blood samples were taken from the fresh blood,and the blood smears were prepared and stained with NAP in an hour.NAP dyeing were performed by NAP dyeing for the blood smears,and 100 neutral rods,nucleus granulocyte were observed under microscope in the oil mirror vision,the test results record by positive rate and integral.Results No significant difference of NAP positive rate and integral was found in EDTA-K2 anticoagulation venous blood smear A when compared with fresh peripheral blood(P>0.05).The NAP positive rate and integral of EDTA-K2 anticoagulation venous blood smear B was slightly lower than that from fresh peripheral blood,but no significant difference was found(P>0.05).However,the NAP positive rate and integral in EDTA-K2 anticoagulant venous blood smear C has a significant difference from fresh peripheral blood(P<0.05).Conclusion The NAP dyeing results of EDTA-K2 anticoagulation venous blood smear fixed and placed one days are still reliable,while the NAP dyeing results was significantly reduced in the unfixed EDTA-K2 anticoagulation venous blood smear placed after one day.

Objective To explore the repair result of full-thickness cartilage defects in diannan small-ear pig by bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transferred with both transforming growth factor-β3(TGF-β3) and bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2) gene mediated by adenovirus vector and combined with deminerized bone matrix (DBM). Methods 32 full-thickness defects from 16 knees of 8 pigs were randomly divided into 4 groups in the experiments. In group A, the animals′ lateral femoral condyle of right knee joint was repaired with DBM and BMSC infected with both Ad-TGF-β3 and Ad-BMP-2. In group B, the medial femoral condyle of right knee joint was repaired with DBM and BMSC without infection. In group C, the lateral femoral condyle of left knee joint was repaired with DBM. And the group D is control group. Morphology and histology were observed 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation. Results 12 weeks after operation, the whole defects were repaired in group A, HE staining showed typical cartilaginous structure in the repaired area. In group D, defects were not repaired but filled with fibrous tissue. The O′driscoll scores were 15.65 ± 0.11 (group A), 11.33 ± 0.22 (group B), 6.13 ± 0.15 (group C) and 5.08 ± 0.15 (group D). There was significant difference among the groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions The new type of tissue engineering scaffold that DBM combined with BMSCs transfected with both Ad-BMP-2 and Ad-TGF-β3 could induce cartilage regeneration and repair the defects.

Objective To explore the preoperative localization diagnosis and surgical techniques of intractable occipital lobe epilepsy.Methods Retrospectively studied 37 patients diagnosed as occipital lobe epilepsy and underwent focal occipital resections for epilepsy.The semiology,scalp electroencephalography,MRI,fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography(FDG-PET),and intracranial EEG monitoring were used to localize the epileptogenic zones.The long-term seizure outcomes were assessed according to the Engel classification scheme.Results Visual symptoms were present in 25 patients preoperatively in this series.MRI displayed occipital lobe lesions in 15 patients,and FDG-PET revealed hypometabolism in or adjacent to epileptogenic zones.And 30 patients' epileptogenic zones and functional areas were defined by intracranial EEG monitoring.Visual field deficits were present in 35.3% of patients preoperatively,and 61% had new or aggravated visual field deficits after surgery.After a mean follow-up of 41 months,81.1% of the patients were seizure free or rarely had seizures.Conclusion The curative effect of the surgery on the medically intractable occipital lobe epilepsy is good.Intracranial EEG monitoring with electrodes extensively covering the occipital lobe and adjacent areas can be useful to demarcate the epileptogenic zones and the visural cortex,and it may prevent aggravation of the visual field deficits as much as possible.

Objective To investigate the guidance role and effect of the thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS) in the choice of anterior,posterior or combined surgery for thoracolumbar fractures.Methods Thirty-one consecutive patients with acute thoracolumbar burst fractures who were treated in an our unit were selected as our subjects who hospitalized from Oct.2006 to Sep 2010,There were 20 male and 11 female patients.The average age was 44.7 years (range from 35.0 to 56.0 of all patients 3 was injured T11,6 at T12,7 at L1,8 at L 2 and 7 at L3.The reasons of injury include motor vehicle accident (10 cases)and falling from a height (24).All patients had preoperative anteroposterior and lateral radiographs,computed tomography (CT) scan,and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination to more fully assess vertebral pieces and nerve compression.According to the Classification of Maged,there were 8 cases with type A3,8 cases with B1,9 cases with B2,3 cases with C1,3 case with C2.Neurologic status based on Frankel classification showed that 4 cases were with grade A 8 with grade B,9 with grade C 6 with grade D and 4 with grade E.Of the 31 patients,11 received posterior surgeries,12 anterior surgeries,and 8 combined anterior and posterior surgeries.Results Twenty-eight cases were followed up with averaged 13.7 months (range from 12.0-17.0 months).The kyphosis angle was measured from the superior endplate to the inferior end plate of the fractured vertebral body using the Cobb technique.The mean cobb's angle was (23.7 ± 11.3) ° (range,13.0 ～ 38.0°) preoperatively,(5.8 ± 0.6°) (-4.0 ～ 6.0) ° lordotic post operatively and (11.3 ± 10.6) ° lordotic at the final observation.The average surgical time was 190 minutes (range,90-380 minutes).and blood loss was 1680 ml (range,1260-2540 ml),and hospital stay was 17.4 days (range,10-24 days).No eloosening or motion was observed in the final follow-up patients.Conclusion TLICS has facilitate treatment decision making of thoracolumbar spinal column injuries and proved to be an effective treatment for serious thoracolumbar fracture.

Objective To compare the effect of two different treatment approaches on femoral shaft fractures in polytrauma patients.Methods One hundred and forty-eight polytrauma patients were selected as our subjects,who were hospitalized from Jan.2000 to Dec.2009.They were randomly divided into cast group and external fixation group.Patients in cast group were fixed with cast within the first 24 h after the injury and patients in external fixation group were stabilized with a unilateral external fix stent within the first 24 h after the injury.Results In cast group,71 of 75 patients were followed up and follow up periods was 26.4 months.Follow up data showed that 18 patients developed multiple organ failure (MOF) and 26 patients developed ARDS.The average healed periods was 5.9 month.Three patients developed nonunion and 4 cases developed wound infection.The average of the knee motion angle was 107 degrees (60 to 110 degrees).In external fixation group,68 patients were followed up and the follow-up period was 27.5 months.Of which,13 patients developed MOF and 12 patients developed ARDS.The average healed periods was 5.6 months.2 patients developed nonunion and 3 cases developed for.wound infection.The average of the knee motion angle was 120 degrees (60 to 140 degrees).Conclusion The damage control orthopedics surgery was proved as a safe and effective treatment approach for fractures of the shaft of the femur in selected multiply injured patients compared with cast methods.

To study the protective mechanism of Dusuqing Granule, a compound Chinese herbal medicine, on the senile multiple organ injury caused by bacterial pneumonia by observing the expression changes of molecules related to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling.

Objective To investigate the different memory outcomes in temporal lobe epilepsy patients underwent different surgical approaches.Methods Two hundred forty-eight patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal scle-rosis underwent standard anterior temporal lobectomy ( ATL, n=83 ) or selective amygdalohippocampectomy ( SAH, n=165) from 2009 to 2013.All the patients underwent clinical memory function assessment before surgery, 3 months and 2 years after surgery respectively.Results The memory quotient ( MQ) of patients who underwent brain surgery in the domi-nant hemisphere significantly decreased 3 months after surgery (74.5 ±16.2, 75.6 ±19.5) compared to presurgery MQ (82.9 ±15.8, 83.2 ±21.2) in both ATL and SAH groups (P<0.05).Although MQ was slightly recovered at 2 years af-ter surgery, MQ (75.1 ±14.1, 76.1 ±17.6) was still significantly lower compared with presurgery MQ (P<0.05).A-mong this, both the decrease extent of the MQ 3 months after surgery and 2 years after surgery were smaller in the SAH group than in the ATL group (7.6 vs.8.4;7.1 vs.7.8).The MQ of patients who underwent brain surgery in the non-dominant hemisphere (either ATL or SAH ) increased slightly 3 months after surgery (87.2 ±15.1, 88.1 ±16.9) com-pared to presurgery MQ (85.5 ±13.5, 85.3 ±19.7) although the difference was not statistically significant.The MQ of these two groups improved significantly 2 years after surgery (92.8 ±12.7, 93.7 ±17.1)(P<0.05).The improvement extent of the MQ was larger in the SAH group than in the ATL group (8.4 vs.7.3).Conclusions SAH may be better than ATL in the maintenance of memory function in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis.

Using the amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) technology, poorly water-soluble drugs can be formulated into high-energy amorphous forms. After oral administration, a kinetic supersaturated solution is formed in the gastrointestinal tract, and oral bioavailability is thus effectively improved. As important components of ASDs, pharmaceutical excipients affect the supersaturation of ASDs. Therefore, it is significant to clarify the effects of various types of pharmaceutical excipients on the supersaturated solutions for the development of ASDs. This paper reviews the effects of polymers, small-molecule excipients, and porous materials on the supersaturated solutions formed after dissoptlution of ASD with an emphasis on the mechanisms of various types of pharmaceutical excipients on the supersaturated solutions, providing theoretical guidance for the rational selection of medicinal excipients in the development of ASDs.

Objective To investigate the morphological characteristics of superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and bridging vein (BrV) with virtual reality (VR) technology and their clinical significances.Methods Forty-three patients with parasagittal meningioma (PSM group) and 21 patients with trigeminal neuralgia or hemifacial spasm who had no intracranial venous system diseases (normal group),admitted to our hospital from October 2011 to March 2013,were chosen.The morphological characteristics of SSS and parasagittal BrV of patients from the 2 groups were observed,which was finished in the VR workstation.The number and diameter differences of cortical veins between the 2 groups,and bilatelal side and the first,middle and third 1/3 of SSS of normal group were analyzed.Results Among the patients from the 2 groups,4 having SSS extremity with morphological variation were observed firstly.The direction of BrV entering the SSS mainly was retrograde,which concentrated in the middle and third 1/3 of SSS.There were many directions of BrV entering the SSS in the first 1/3 of SSS,and the direction mostly was perpendicular.In normal group,there were no statistical differences of number and diameter in the bilatelal cortical veins (P＞0.05); in the first,middle and third 1/3 of SSS,there was statistical difference of cortical veins number (P＜0.05),but no difference of diameter (P＞0.05).The number and diameter of cortical veins of PSM group were under the normal group,with statistically significant difference (P＜0.05).With the growth of PSM,violations of SSS and cortical venous gradually aggravated,affecting venous return,which resulted in increase number and complication of collateral veins.Conclusions There is certain variability of SSS and related BrV.The direction of BrV entering the SSS may be associated with intracranial venous system hemodynamic.It is clear and three-dimensional to observe SSS and cortical veins in the help of VR,and to analyze the venous circulation changes caused by PSM.