Object To study IR absorption spectra of the extracts from chicken bile possessed excellent anti inflammatory and anticancer activity so as to develop this valuable resource.Methods Bile samples from chickens and various animals were dried in the dark and subjected to IR analysis respectively. Results By comparison, significant difference was found between IR spectra of chicken bile and other animals' bile, but the IR spectra of various chicken bile showed very good consistency. Conclusion The IR spectra of chicken bile is independent of raising places, species, feeding fashion, sampling season and age of sampled chicken. It was suggested that the bile of various chicken contained same chemical composition and this result was confirmed by UV and TLC analysis.

BACKGROUND: Cytridinie triphosphate(CTP) is predominantly used for cerebrovascualr accident and its sequelae, brain concussion, cerebral arteriosclerosis, senile dementia. What about its effect on diabetic peripheral neuropathies?OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy of cytridine triphosphate in improving nerve function and nerve conduction velocity in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.DESIGN: A prospective and randomized and controlled trial based on the patients.SETTING: Endocrine department of a military medical university.SUBJECTS: Totally 50 patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, hospitalized in Endocrine Department of Xijing Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, were enrolled in this study from September 1999 to February 2000. All the patients were according to the including criteria, including 28 male and 22 female patients. They were randomly divided into treatment and control group averagely. Informed consent was obtained from all patients.METHODS: The 25 patients in treatment group received daily intravenous injection of 60 mg CTP. The other 25 in the control group received 100 mg vitamin B1 and 500 μg vitamin B12 and 20 mg scopolamine(654-2) and 100 mL saline as well every day. The treatment lasted for 14 days. The nerve conduction velocity was orthodromicly measured by surface electrode.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Nerve conduction velocity in both groups.RESULTS: After treatment, the nerve conduction velocities of median nerve,ulnar nerve, fibular nerve, tibial nerve in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05- 0. 01 ) . The neurological symptom and sign score in the treatment group(1. 4 ± 0.5, 3.0 ± 0.5) was less than that in the control group(2.6±0.3, 4.0±0.3) (t=3.255,2.005, P <0.05).CONCLUSION: CTP is effective in improving nerve conduction velocity in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Objective To revise the Research Capacity Self-Rating Scales of Nursing Staff and test its reliability and validity.Methods Based on the definition of scientific research capacity,the initial dimensions and items of Research Capacity Self-Rating Scales of Nursing Staff was formed by literature review,semi-structured interview and experts evaluation.The content validity was evaluated by experts,and the face validity by nursing staffs.600 nurses were investigated by convenient sampling.The reliability and validity and discrimination of the scale were tested.Results Research Capacity Self-Rating Scales of Nursing Staff were selected in 7 dimensions including the capacity of find problem,research design,scientific research practice,innovation,information retrieval,data processing and writing.Scale-level Content validity index was 0.94.The Cronbach alpha coefficient of Research Capacity Self-rating Scales of Nursing Staff was 0.964,the Cronbach alpha coefficients of the seven dimensions were 0.771-0.975,split-half reliability was 0.885.Seven factors were extracted by using principal factor analysis,cumulative contribution was 71.002％.The correlation coefficient between the Scientific Research Capacity Self-rating Scales of Nursing Staff and General Self-Efficacy Scale was 0.649 (P=0.000).The discrimination was better.Conclusions The Research Capacity Self-rating Scales of Nursing Staff revised shows good reliability and validity.It can objectively evaluate scientific research capacity of nursing staff and provide scientific reference for further improving the research capacity of the nursing staff.

AIM: To optimize the extraction of folium Artemisia argyi polysaccharides by the use of response surface methodoloy.METHODS : Experiment factors and levels were first selected on the ground of one factor test.Along with the central composite experimental design principles,the response surface methodoloy with three factors and three levels was adopted in search of multiple quadratic linear regression.Response surface and contour were finally chosen as the extraction rate and the response value respectively.RESULTS: The optimum extraction conditions of the polysaccharides from folium Artemisia argyi were concluded as follows : extraction temperature was at 99 ℃,extraction time was 2.3 hours,ratio of 20.CONCLUSION : Under these conditions,the yield of folium Artemisia argyi polysaecarides is up to 3.017%,extraction rate of the predictive best polysaccharides is 3.096%,and the relative error is 2.6%.

Objective To investigate changes in the firing activities of nucleus accumbens (NAc)neurons and their response to 5-HT7 receptor stimulation in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease (PD).Methods The firing activities and response of NAc neurons to 5-HT7 receptor agonist in PD rats were recorded by in vivo electroneurophysiology and neuropharmacology and then were compared with those in the sham group.Results The mean firing rate of NAc neurons was (5.46 ±0.88)Hz in the sham rats and (3.77 ±0.48)Hz in the PD rats. The firing rate of NAc neurons increased significantly compared with that in the sham rats (P <0.05).In PD rats, 65% of NAc neurons fired in bursts and 35% fired irregularly.However,in the sham rats,57.5% of NAc neurons fired in bursts and 42.5% fired irregularly.There was no significant difference in the firing pattern of NAc neurons between the PD and sham rats (P >0.05 ).Systemic administration of 5-HT7 receptor agonist AS1 9 increased the firing rate of NAc neurons in the sham and PD rats.This excitation was significant at a high dose of 1 60 μg/kg for NAc neurons in the sham rats (P <0.05).However,the excitation produced by AS1 9 was significant at a high dose of 80 μg/kg in PD rats (P <0.05).The cumulative dose-produced excitation in the PD rats was lower than that in the sham rats.The effects induced by AS1 9 were reversed by the 5-HT7 receptor antagonist SB269970 in both groups.Conclusion The reinforced firing activity of NAc neurons might be mediated by 5-HT7 receptor in the neurons of PD rats.

A rapid, sensitive and simple liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of clevidipine butyrate and its primary metabolite clevidipine acid in dog blood. After one-step protein precipitation with methanol, the chromatographic separation was carried out on an Ecosil C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with a gradient mobile phase consisting of methanol and 5 mmol · L(-1) ammonium formate. A chromatographic total run time of 13.0 min was achieved. The quantitation analysis was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) at the specific ion transitions of m/z 454.1 [M-H]- --> m/z 234.1 for clevidipine butyrate, m/z 354.0 [M-H]- --> m/z 208.0 for clevidipine acid and m/z 256.1 [M-H]- --> m/z 227.1 for elofesalamide (internal standard, IS) in the negative ion mode with electrospray ionization (ESI) source. The linear calibration curves for clevidipine butyrate and clevidipine acid were obtained in the concentration ranges of 0.5-100 ng · mL and 1-200 ng · mL(-1), separately. The lower limit of quantification of clevidipine butyrate and clevidipine acid were 0.5 ng · mL(-1) and 1 ng · mL(-1). The intra and inter-assay precisions were all below 12.9%, the accuracies were all in standard ranges. Stability testing indicated that clevidipine butyrate and clevidipine acid in dog blood with the addition of denaturant methanol was stable under various processing and/or handling conditions. The validated method has been successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of clevidipine butyrate injection to 8 healthy Beagle dogs following intravenous infusion at a flow rate of 5 mg · h(-1) for 0.5 h.

Aim To investigate the effects of maternal chronic aluminum exposure on memorial behaviour and hippocampal intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i)on their offspring after the induction of LTP(long-term potentiation). Methods Adult Wistar rats (150~200 g) were exposed to aluminum by drinking distilled water, the concentration of AlCl3 is 0.015 mol?L-1(2 g?L-1) and 0.03 mol?L-1(4 g?L-1) aluminum chloride (AlCl3) solution, respectively, for 30 days prior to mating and during the whole gestation and suckling period. Their offspring were distributed into three experimental groups: control group; two exposed groups (represented by 0.2%-Al and 0.4%-Al ) administrated aluminum exposure ended at postnatal day 21. The brain tissue and blood aluminum levels were measured by Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Memorial ability of the offspring was tested by Step down test.[Ca2+]i was measured by the technique of Fura-2/AM calcium ions fluorescence indicator. Results The mean aluminum content in blood and brain tissue was significantly higher than the control group(P0.05), but was significantly decreased in 0.4%-Al exposed group(P

Objective To investigate the cross-talk between extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signal transduction pathways in A375 human melanoma cells.Methods Cultured A375 cells were randomly divided into 5 groups:control group receiving no treatment,two U0126 (a selective inhibitor of the ERK signaling pathway) groups treated with U0126 of 10 and 5 μmol/L,and two BMS-345541 groups treated with BMS-345541 of 10 and 5 μmol/L.After 24-hour treatment,Western blot and reverse transcription PCR were performed to measure the protein expressions of NF-κB P65,phosphorylated IκBα (p-IκBα),ERK1/2,as well as p-ERK1/2,and the mRNA expressions of NF-κB P65 and ERK1,respectively.One-way analysis of variance and least significant difference (LSD)-t test were carried out for statistical analysis.Results After 24 hours of treatment with U0126 of 10 and 5 μmol/L,a significant decrease was noted in the relative expression level of NF-κB p65 protein (0.60 ± 0.04 and 0.56 ± 0.06 vs.1.54 ± 0.15,both P＜ 0.01) and mRNA (0.79 ± 0.05 and 0.75 ± 0.04 vs.0.86 ± 0.05,both P ＜ 0.01),but a statistical increase in that of p-IκBα protein (0.90 ± 0.05 and 0.70 ± 0.02 vs.0.61 ± 0.03,both P ＜ 0.01) in the two U0126 groups compared with the control group; significant differences were observed in the expression level of p-IκBo protein (P ＜ 0.01) but not in that of NF-κB p65 protein (P ＞ 0.01) between the two U0126 groups.The relative expression levels of ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 proteins as well as ERK1 mRNA were significantly higher in the control A375 cells than those in the cells treated with BMS-345541 of 10 μmol/L (0.73 ± 0.07,0.75 ± 0.09,1.51 ± 0.02,all P ＜ 0.01),but similar to those treated with BMS-345541 of 5 μmol/L (0.94 ± 0.11,0.99 ± 0.04,1.62 ± 0.03,all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion There is a cross-talk between ERK and NF-κB signal transduction pathways in A375 melanoma cells.

Objective:To observe the characteristics and outcomes of hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism (HA-VTE), and to guide the clinic to take preventive measures for high-risk patients to reduce the incidence of HA-VTE.Methods:The clinical data of 1 570 hospitalized patients with HA-VTE from December 2013 to December 2019 in Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University were retrospectively analyzed, including the basic information, department, risk factor evaluation of venous thromboembolism (VTE), prevention and outcomes, etc.Results:During the period, the total incidence of HA-VTE was 0.50% (1 570/317 047). The annual incidence of HA-VTE increased year by year, from 0.19% (85/44 737) in 2014 to 0.82% (564/68 780) in 2019. The incidence of HA-VTE in elderly patients (age ≥65 years old) was significantly higher than that in young and middle-aged patients (age form 18 to 64 years old): 0.96% (970/100 768) vs. 0.28% (600/216 279), and there was statistical difference ( χ2 = 654.96, P<0.01). There was no statistical difference in the incidence of HA-VTE between male and female: 0.51% (780/151 617) vs. 0.48% (790/165 430), χ2 = 2.19, P>0.05. HA-VTE patients were mainly distributed in the neurology department, emergency department, neurosurgery department, orthopedics department, vascular surgery department, general surgery department, etc, with the highest proportion of 27.83% (437/1 570) in neurology department. The departments with high incidence of HA-VTE were intensive care unit, emergency department, stroke center, orthopedics department, rehabilitation department and neurology department, with the highest incidence of 7.69% (7/91) in intensive care unit. The hospital stay in patients with HA-VTE was significantly longer than that in patients without HA-VTE: 14 (9, 20) d vs. 7 (3, 11) d, and there was statistical difference ( Z = - 39.75, P<0.01). During hospitalization, 94 patients died, and 7 cases (0.45%, 7/1 570) were directly caused by HA-VTE. Only 0.13% (2/1 570) of the patients underwent the risk factor evaluation of VTE. Conclusions:The annual incidence of HA-VTE has a clear upward trend, and the incidence of critical illness and elderly patients is the highest. HA-VTE significantly prolonged the average hospital stay of patients and increased the risk of death. Screening and evaluation should be strengthened, high-risk groups should be identified, and active preventive measures should be taken to reduce the risk of HA-VTE.

Objective To study the changes in hippocampal morphology and inferior ventricular vein in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) before and after modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) using morphological measurement and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI).Methods Recruited for this study were 64 MDD patients who had been admitted to the Affiliated Guangji Hospital to Soochow University from February 2016 through March 2017.They were assigned into 2 equal groups.One group was subjected to MECT and the other to simple drug treatment.All the patients were scanned with T1-MR and SWI one day before and after treatment to observe the changes in hippocampal morphology and inferior ventricular vein.The associations between relative parameters and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) were analyzed.The 2 groups were compared in terms of therapeutic efficacy.Results The volumes of the whole hippocampus and the hippocampal body were increased significantly after MECT (P＜0.05) while there were no significant differences in the hippocampal head or tail (P＞0.05).Significant increases in the branch number,diameter and length of the inferior ventricular vein were found after MECT (P＜0.05).The left and right hippocampal volumes were negatively associated with the HAMD scores (r=-0.442,P=0.011;r=-0.470,P=0.007).Negative correlations were also found between the branch number,diameter and length of the inferior ventricular vein and the HAMD scores (r=-0.419,P=0.017;r=-0.477,P=0.006;r=-0.398,P=0.024).The curative efficacy of the MECT group was significantly higher than that of the drug treatment group (91％ versus 72％) (P＜0.05).Conclusion Changes in the hippocampal morphology and inferior ventricular vein can be used as one of the objective indicators to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of MECT in MDD patients.