Objective:To investigate positive rates of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) DNA in blood and saliva samples, as well as in swab samples from lesions and clothes in contact with lesions in patients with acute herpes zoster, and to explore their clinical significance.Methods:Patients with confirmed herpes zoster were collected from Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University from April 2019 to August 2020. Fluorescence-based quantitative PCR was performed to detect VZV DNA in blood and saliva samples, lesion and cloth swab samples from the patients before and after antiviral treatment. Chi-square test was used to compare the positive rate of VZV DNA in saliva samples between patients with herpes zoster on the head, face and neck and those without involvement of the head, face or neck, and changes in the positive rate of VZV DNA in different specimens were analyzed before and after treatment.Results:A total of 86 patients with herpes zoster were collected, including 26 males and 60 females aged 52.65 ± 14.83 years, with a disease duration being 5.23 ± 2.10 days. The positive rate of VZV DNA in the saliva samples was significantly higher in the 24 patients with herpes zoster on the head, face and neck (41.67%, 10/24) than in the 62 patients without involvement of the head, face or neck (12.90%, 8/62; χ2 = 7.63, P < 0.05) . Both pre- and post-treatment blood samples were collected from 37 patients, saliva samples from 35, lesion swab samples from 28, and cloth swab samples from 27. Before the treatment, the positive rates of VZV DNA in the blood, saliva, lesion and cloth swab samples were 86.49% (32/37) , 22.86% (8/35) , 92.86% (26/28) and 88.89% (24/27) respectively, which decreased to 51.35%, 8.57%, 89.29% and 85.18%, respectively, after 6.82 ± 2.23 days of treatment. The positive rate of VZV DNA significantly differed before and after treatment only in the blood samples ( χ2 = 9.60, P = 0.003) , while showed no significant difference in the other specimens (all P > 0.05) . Conclusion:The positive rate of VZV DNA in the saliva samples was significantly higher in the patients with acute herpes zoster on the head, face and neck than in those without involvement of the head, face or neck, and that in the cloth swab samples was relatively high before and after antiviral treatment.

Objective: To analyze the distribution characteristics of immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration in Nanning Zhuang blood donors by measuring the concentration of plasma IgA. Methods: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the absorbance of 2 000 plasma samples from Zhuang blood donors. The IgA concentration in samples was calculated using the ELISA Calc regression/fitting technology program. Results: The standard curve demonstrated that ELISA detection of plasma IgA concentration exhibited good precision. The frequency of IgA deficiency was 0/2 000. No statistically significant difference in the distribution of IgA concentration was observed between males and females (P>0.05). The distribution of IgA concentration varied significantly across age groups: younger individuals (18-39 years old) had lower plasma IgA levels (mg/dL) compared to older individuals (40-56 years old): 5-89.99 mg/dL group, 8.80% (176/2 000) vs 17.20% (344/2 000); 90-450 mg/dL group,20.65% (413/2 000) vs 51.20% (1 024/2 000); >450 mg/dL group, 0.45%, (9/2 000) vs 1.70% (34/2 000), P<0.05. No significant difference in IgA concentration was found among different ABO blood types in Zhuang blood donors (P>0.05). Spearman correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between age and IgA concentration (R =0.114, P<0.05). Conclusion: No individuals with IgA deficiency were screened out among the Zhuang blood donors in Nanning area, and plasma IgA levels progressively increase with age.

Building a strong public health system has become an urgent task in the new era. Based on more than eight years of systematic research， we believe that five aspects need to be prioritized for a strong system. First， we should change the perspective on public health， using the word “gonggong jiankang” to replace “gonggong weisheng” and the word “gonggong jiankang tixi” to replace “gonggong weisheng tixi”， to lead the public health system development. Second， we should develop a suitable public health system and continuously improve the health capacity for governance. Third， we should make it clear that the goal of building a strong system is not far-fetched， and we need to consolidate the existing institutional advantages of China’s public health system： when encountering major problems， we can maintain a unified goal and mobilize the whole society to cooperate effectively to accomplish the goal. However， we need to make up for shortcomings one by one， especially to solve the key problem of lacking a strong coordination mechanism in daily work. Fourth， we should pursue excellence and consolidate the“suitable” mechanism proven in the process of coping with the COVID-19， so that efficient mechanisms to deal with major issues can be used in routine work， and efforts should be made to consolidate the advantages of prevention and control of infectious diseases and emergency response，so as to achieve the balanced development of regions categories and units.Finally， it is necessary to strengthen the coordination of government and research institutions， in the aspects of technological innovation， talent team building and accurate consulting services， and work together to pursue a suitable and strong system to realize the modernization of the health system and capacity for governance.

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the public health governance capacity of 40 cities in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui Provinces, providing a scientific evaluation basis for building a "Healthy Yangtze River Delta". MethodsA comprehensive collection of policy documents, public information reports, and research literature related to public health governance capacity in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui Provinces was conducted, totaling 6 920 policy documents, 1 720 information reports, and 1 200 literature pieces. Based on the evaluation standards for an appropriate public health system established by the research team, the basic status of public health governance capacity was assessed to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the 40 cities. ResultsIn 2022, the public health governance capacity score for the 40 cities in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui Provinces was (562.5±38.0) points. In terms of specific areas, the emergency response field received the highest score of (791.4±49.7) points, while the chronic disease prevention and control field received the lowest score of (368.2±29.6) points. The Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Anhui region has largely achieved the strategic priority of health, gradually improved public health legal regulations, and established a basic organizational framework with a solid foundation for information and data infrastructure. However, challenges still need to be addressed, such as unstable government funding for public health, unclear departmental responsibilities, and barriers to information interoperability. ConclusionThe public health governance capacity of the 40 cities in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui Province has been at a moderate level, but disparities have still existed across regions and fields. In the future, while continuing to deepen existing advantages, it is essential to accurately identify the causes of problems, establish a long-term and stable investment mechanism, enhance information connectivity mechanisms, further clarify departmental responsibilities, and promote the achievement of the "Healthy Yangtze River Delta" goal.