Objective To investigate the MR findings of fetal cleft lip (CL) and evaluate the advantages and limitations of MRI in the diagnosis. Methods Twelve pregnant women suspicious of fetal CL/cleft palate(CP) on ultrasonography were enrolled in the study. The findings of ultrasonography, MRI and following-up were compared. Results MRI and ultrasonography detected 12 fetuses with CL/CP. The following-up results showed 1 case with incomplete cleft lip and the other 11 cases with complete cleft lips and cleft palates. MRI and unltrasonography were consistent with the follow-up in CL detection, showing completed or uncompleted soft tissue interruption of the fetal lips with amniotic fluid filling which is high signal on T_2WI. On MRI, CP showed discontinuous of the soft tissue which were interrupted by long T_2 signal and communicating with oral cavity and nasal cavity. MRI missed 1 case and excluded 1 case of CP. Ultrasonography predicted 5 case of CL, excluded 1 CP but missed 6 cases. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity in detection CL/CP was 91.7% (11/12), 90.9% (10/11), 100% (1/1) for MRI and 50.0% (6/12),45.5% (5/11), 100% (1/1) for ultrasonography, respectively. Conclusion MR imaging had advantage over ultrasonography in detecting CP, MRI is an essential when CP is suspicious on ultrasonography.

Objective: To understand the longitudinal changes of refractive errors in adolescent myopia screening in the suburb of Shanghai, and to provide reference for targeted measures of myopia prevention and intervention. Methods: By using the cluster sampling method, 1 346 students were selected from two primary schools in a town in the suburb of Shanghai. Physical development indicators and refractive examination parameters of non ciliary muscle paralysis, and uncorrected visual acuity in 2017 and 2020 were collected from the Shanghai adolescent refractive development file. Longitudinal change of spherical equivalent (SE) refractive were assessed. A linear regression model was used to examine the relationship between the rate of SE change with characteristics of the students. Results: The average annual incidence of myopia was 16.36%, and the SE degrees of the left and right eyes of myopia students decreased by 225 degrees for three years. Girls (right eye Z=-4.33; left eye Z=-3.75, P<0.01), newly-onset myopia and persistent myopia (right eye Z=634.45; left eye Z=638.85, P<0.01) was a key for the rapid progress of refractive power. Conclusion The proportion of students with severe low vision is relatively high, and the apparent shifts toward more hyperopia in myopia students call for effective prevention and control programs based on changes in refractive to slow the progression of adolescent myopia.

Objective To determine the contents of baicalin in Gegen Qinlian Tablet produced by seven manufacturers, a Chinese patent drug used widely in acute gastroenteritis, virus diarrhea, and bacillary dysentery, by using indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ic-ELISA ) . Methods The ic-ELISA method was established by using anti-baicalin monoclonal antibody ( anti-BA MAb) , in which the linear relation, accuracy and the recovery rate were measured. Based on the ic-ELISA method, the contents of baicalin in Gegen Qinlian Tablet from different manufacturers were deter-mined. Results The linear range of the ic-ELISA method established was from 16. 157 to 1 280 mg/L, the relative standard deviation (RSD) was≤5. 1% in the intra-assay, and≤9. 0% in the inter-assay, with the average recovery rate of 107 . 1% ( RSD=4 . 9%) . The baicalin contents in Gegen Qinlian Tab-let from seven manufacturers ranged from 4. 45 to 13. 41 mg per tablet. Conclusion The ic-ELISA method for the baicalin determination was convenient, accurate, and repeatable, which could be applied to the quality control of traditional Chinese herbal compound containing baicalin.

Objective:To investigate the improvement and clinical effect of lip depilation with 810 nm semiconductor laser.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on female labial hair removal patients admitted to Bethune Hospital in Shanxi from January 2017 to October 2018. The patients who visited the clinic from January 2018 to October 2018 were taken as the experimental group, and those who visited the clinic from January 2017 to December 2017 were taken as the control group. A combination model of super hair removal(SHR) + hair removal(HR) was adopted to perform the treatment with 810 nm YfTON semiconductor freezing point laser hair removal. The experimental group was treated with surface anesthetic and SHR mode dumbbell sliding mode 8 J/cm 2+ HR mode with high energy (starting from the upper limit of reference energy value), and the patients were treated with local drum and chin coordination. In the control group, no surface anesthetic was applied, and SHR mode was used for linear round-trip sliding + HR mode for reference energy treatment. After the third and fifth treatment, the patients in the two groups were treated with a hair size of 1 cm×1 cm on one side of the mouth corner with heavy hair. A hair analyzer was used to count the number of similar hairs visible to the naked eye at a social distance of about 1 meter. The final hair removal rate was calculated as excellent (70%-90%, including 70%), as improvement (40%-70%, including 40%), as invalid (<40%). The depilation rate after 3 and 5 treatments was compared between the 2 groups, the number of treatments was analyzed, and the recurrence rate and comfort level of the patients were followed up 6 months after treatment. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the measurement data. Comparison of counting data was tested, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 200 patients were included in this study, including 100 in the experimental group, with an age of (28.58±6.01) years. The control group included 100 patients (28.57±6.07) years old. The skin type of patients was performed according to Fitzpatrick and Chinese characteristics Ⅱ-Ⅳ. After statistical test, there were no statistically significant differences in age and skin type between the two groups. After half a year of follow-up, the average number of treatment times in the experimental group was 5(5, 6) times, lower than that in the control group 7(6, 8) times( T=-9.279, P<0.001). The three and five depilation rates of the experimental group were[70.0%(68.0%, 74.8%), 86.0%(83.0%, 88.0%)], and the final depilation rates of the experimental group were 89.0%(86.7%, 90.0%), all higher than those in the control group[40.0%(37.0%, 42.0%), 72.0%(70.0%, 74.0%), 86.5%(85.0%, 88.0%)]. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( T3=43.986, T5=25.151, Tfinal=5.547, all P< 0.001). The intermittent times of single sliding treatment in the experimental group ≤2 times, compared with the control group > 2 times, the comfort level was improved. No blisters or coloration occurred in any of the patients. Patients in the 2 groups were followed up for half a year after the last hair removal. In the 2 groups, there were sparse new fine hairs and soft hair growth that were not included in the hair count, and the included hairs were thinner than those before the treatment. Conclusions:Compared with the control group, the treatment cycle is shorter, the efficiency is higher and the comfort level of the patients is higher in the experimental group.

Objective:To investigate the improvement and clinical effect of lip depilation with 810 nm semiconductor laser.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on female labial hair removal patients admitted to Bethune Hospital in Shanxi from January 2017 to October 2018. The patients who visited the clinic from January 2018 to October 2018 were taken as the experimental group, and those who visited the clinic from January 2017 to December 2017 were taken as the control group. A combination model of super hair removal(SHR) + hair removal(HR) was adopted to perform the treatment with 810 nm YfTON semiconductor freezing point laser hair removal. The experimental group was treated with surface anesthetic and SHR mode dumbbell sliding mode 8 J/cm 2+ HR mode with high energy (starting from the upper limit of reference energy value), and the patients were treated with local drum and chin coordination. In the control group, no surface anesthetic was applied, and SHR mode was used for linear round-trip sliding + HR mode for reference energy treatment. After the third and fifth treatment, the patients in the two groups were treated with a hair size of 1 cm×1 cm on one side of the mouth corner with heavy hair. A hair analyzer was used to count the number of similar hairs visible to the naked eye at a social distance of about 1 meter. The final hair removal rate was calculated as excellent (70%-90%, including 70%), as improvement (40%-70%, including 40%), as invalid (<40%). The depilation rate after 3 and 5 treatments was compared between the 2 groups, the number of treatments was analyzed, and the recurrence rate and comfort level of the patients were followed up 6 months after treatment. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the measurement data. Comparison of counting data was tested, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 200 patients were included in this study, including 100 in the experimental group, with an age of (28.58±6.01) years. The control group included 100 patients (28.57±6.07) years old. The skin type of patients was performed according to Fitzpatrick and Chinese characteristics Ⅱ-Ⅳ. After statistical test, there were no statistically significant differences in age and skin type between the two groups. After half a year of follow-up, the average number of treatment times in the experimental group was 5(5, 6) times, lower than that in the control group 7(6, 8) times( T=-9.279, P<0.001). The three and five depilation rates of the experimental group were[70.0%(68.0%, 74.8%), 86.0%(83.0%, 88.0%)], and the final depilation rates of the experimental group were 89.0%(86.7%, 90.0%), all higher than those in the control group[40.0%(37.0%, 42.0%), 72.0%(70.0%, 74.0%), 86.5%(85.0%, 88.0%)]. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( T3=43.986, T5=25.151, Tfinal=5.547, all P< 0.001). The intermittent times of single sliding treatment in the experimental group ≤2 times, compared with the control group > 2 times, the comfort level was improved. No blisters or coloration occurred in any of the patients. Patients in the 2 groups were followed up for half a year after the last hair removal. In the 2 groups, there were sparse new fine hairs and soft hair growth that were not included in the hair count, and the included hairs were thinner than those before the treatment. Conclusions:Compared with the control group, the treatment cycle is shorter, the efficiency is higher and the comfort level of the patients is higher in the experimental group.

Objective:To summarize the complications and prevention after botulinum toxin type A(BTA) injection for masseter muscle hypertrophy(MMH).Methods:The clinical data of patients with masseter hypertrophy who received BTA injection in Shanxi Bethune Hospital from January 2019 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Injection method: 100 U BTA was prepared into a solution with a concentration of 50 U/ml with 2 ml 0.9% sodium chloride injection. The "safe injection zone" of the masseter muscle was marked. The anterior and posterior boundaries were the anterior and posterior edges of the masseter muscle, respectively. The upper boundary was the line from the corner of the mouth to the earlobe, and the lower boundary was the lower edge of the mandible. The injection points(3 or 4 points) were at least 1 cm away from the four borders, and 25-40 U was injected on each side. The patients were followed up after treatment, the types of complications were recorded, and the treatment measures were summarized.Results:A total of 160 patients were enrolled, including 8 males and 152 females, with a mean age of (30.6±6.2) years. All patients were followed up for 1 to 6 months. The masseter muscle of all patients was reduced to varying degrees, the lower facial lines were softer, and the facial contour was improved. The incidence of complications was 81.3%(130/160). There were four main types of complications: (1) Complications with a nonmuscular etiology include ecchymosis in 5 cases (3.1%) which resolved spontaneously in 5 to 7 days and headache occurred in 2 cases (1.3%) which disappeared in 2-3 days with proper rest. (2) The complication related to the toxin effect mainly was the decrease of masticatory power in 86 cases (53.8%), which gradually recovered with the drug metabolism for 3-12 weeks. (3) Dose-related complications include facial ptosis in 4 cases (2.5%) with 30-40 U dose per side. 2 cases without special treatment, gradually recovered in about 8-12 weeks. One patient underwent the BTA injection to raise the mandibular margin and gradually recovered about 2 weeks later. One patient recovered gradually with the treatment by Thermage in another hospital. There were 9 cases (5.6%) of paradoxical rigid masseter muscle bulge. 5 cases resolved within 1 week after supplementary injection of 4 U botulinum toxin, and the other 4 cases resolved spontaneously within 1 to 2 weeks without special treatment. (4) Complications related to the injection site include abnormal smiles in 3 cases (1.9%). Patients were instructed to practice the smile correctly and gradually recovered in 4-12 weeks. Twenty-one patients (13.1%) had sunken cheeks. One patient improved by injection of hyaluronic acid, and the other patients recovered gradually within 8-12 weeks without special treatment.Conclusion:The incidence of complications after BTA injection for MMH is high, and the manifestations are diverse. The injection should be performed in the recommended safe area of the masseter muscle. A reasonable dose and depth of injection can reduce the occurrence of complications.

Objective:To summarize the complications and prevention after botulinum toxin type A(BTA) injection for masseter muscle hypertrophy(MMH).Methods:The clinical data of patients with masseter hypertrophy who received BTA injection in Shanxi Bethune Hospital from January 2019 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Injection method: 100 U BTA was prepared into a solution with a concentration of 50 U/ml with 2 ml 0.9% sodium chloride injection. The "safe injection zone" of the masseter muscle was marked. The anterior and posterior boundaries were the anterior and posterior edges of the masseter muscle, respectively. The upper boundary was the line from the corner of the mouth to the earlobe, and the lower boundary was the lower edge of the mandible. The injection points(3 or 4 points) were at least 1 cm away from the four borders, and 25-40 U was injected on each side. The patients were followed up after treatment, the types of complications were recorded, and the treatment measures were summarized.Results:A total of 160 patients were enrolled, including 8 males and 152 females, with a mean age of (30.6±6.2) years. All patients were followed up for 1 to 6 months. The masseter muscle of all patients was reduced to varying degrees, the lower facial lines were softer, and the facial contour was improved. The incidence of complications was 81.3%(130/160). There were four main types of complications: (1) Complications with a nonmuscular etiology include ecchymosis in 5 cases (3.1%) which resolved spontaneously in 5 to 7 days and headache occurred in 2 cases (1.3%) which disappeared in 2-3 days with proper rest. (2) The complication related to the toxin effect mainly was the decrease of masticatory power in 86 cases (53.8%), which gradually recovered with the drug metabolism for 3-12 weeks. (3) Dose-related complications include facial ptosis in 4 cases (2.5%) with 30-40 U dose per side. 2 cases without special treatment, gradually recovered in about 8-12 weeks. One patient underwent the BTA injection to raise the mandibular margin and gradually recovered about 2 weeks later. One patient recovered gradually with the treatment by Thermage in another hospital. There were 9 cases (5.6%) of paradoxical rigid masseter muscle bulge. 5 cases resolved within 1 week after supplementary injection of 4 U botulinum toxin, and the other 4 cases resolved spontaneously within 1 to 2 weeks without special treatment. (4) Complications related to the injection site include abnormal smiles in 3 cases (1.9%). Patients were instructed to practice the smile correctly and gradually recovered in 4-12 weeks. Twenty-one patients (13.1%) had sunken cheeks. One patient improved by injection of hyaluronic acid, and the other patients recovered gradually within 8-12 weeks without special treatment.Conclusion:The incidence of complications after BTA injection for MMH is high, and the manifestations are diverse. The injection should be performed in the recommended safe area of the masseter muscle. A reasonable dose and depth of injection can reduce the occurrence of complications.