Chemokines participate in many biological functions including immune inflammatory response,various metabolic reactions and damage stress response.Meanwhile,they also play a crucial role in the process of tumor progression including regulating tumor proliferation,invasion and metastasis,and mediating immune cells infiltration and angiogenesis in tumor tissue as well as the tolerance to antitumor treatment.Pancreatic cancer is one of the highly malignant digestive system neoplasms with relatively high risk of early local invasion and distant metastasis,resulting in high mortality.At present,the specific mechanism of the development of pancreatic cancer has not been clarified yet.In recent years,the role of chemokine CXC (chemokine subfamily) and its receptor CXCR (CXC chemokine receptors) in pancreatic cancer has become a hot research topic and great progress has been made in this field.This paper overviewed the recent research advance on the functions of chemokine CXC and their receptors in pancreatic cancer.

AIM:To investigate the effect of Epstain-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 (EBV-LMP1) on proliferation and cell cycle of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. METHODS:The expression of EBV-LMP1 was detected by immunohistochemical method (LSAB). Proliferation of NPC cells was identified by MTT method. Cell cycle percentage was detected by flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS: OD value of EBV-LMP1 expressive NPC cells L-CEN1 was much higher than that of both EBV-LMP1 negative NPC cells V-CEN1 and CNE1 ( P 0.05).CONCLUSION:The expression of EBV-LMP1 on NPC cell might cause some change of cell cycle and enhance cell proliferation.

Objective To investigate the expression and methylation status of HOXA7 gene in human pancreatic cancer cell lines, and to explore the relationship between them.Methods HOXA7 mRNA expression of human pancreatic cancer cell lines BxPC3, CFPAC1, PANC1 and SW1990was detected by RT PCR.Bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) and combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) was used to test promoter methylation status.All the cell lines were treated by 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC), and HOXA7mRNA expression, methylation status was detected before and after this treatment.Results HOXA7 mRNA was expressed in BxPC3, CFPAC1 and SW1990, while there was no expression of HOXA7 mRNA in PANC1.HOXA7 promoter methylation rates of CFPAC1, BxPC3, PANC1 and SW1990 were 93.16%, 90.65%,90.09% ,52.30%.HOXA7 promoter methylation rate of SW1990 was significantly lower than those in other 3cell lines ( P ＜0.01 ).After 5-aza-dC treatment, HOXA7 mRNA of PANC1 was expressed again, and HOXA7mRNA of BxPC3 was increasingly expressed;while the expression of HOXA7 mRNA in CFPAC1 and SW1990was not significantly changed after 5-aza-dC treatment.Conclusions The expression of HOXA7 mRNA in BxPC3 and PANC1 was closely correlated with promoter hypermethylation, while there was no obvious relation in CFPAC 1 and SW1990.

Objective Interleukin-21(IL-21) is likely to contribute to the development of liver fibrosis, but up to now, no study has been reported on the relationship between IL-21 and intrauterine adhesions ( IUA) .This study aimed to establish a rat model of IUA induced by mechanical injury and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infection (dual injury), determine the expression level of serum IL-21, and confirm the association of serum IL-21 with the formation of IUA. Methods Forty healthy female SD rats were randomly divided into four groups of equal number,control, mechanical injury, LPSinfection, and dual injury.At 7 days after IUA modeling,uterine tissue-swere collected from all the animals for observation of the endometrial glands,detection of the degree of IUA by Masson staining, measure-ment of the serum IL-21 level by radioimmunoassay, and analysis of the correlation between the number of endometrial glands and the de-gree of fibrosis. Results The number of endometrial glandswas significantly smallerin the dual injury group (3.59±1.20) than in the mechanical injury (11.66±2.34) and LPSinfection group(11.59±1.47)(P<0.05), while the proportion of fibrosis area wassignificantly higher in the former group(0.65±0.03) than in the lattertwo(0.30±0.07 and 0.32±0.08)(P<0.05).The level of serum IL-21 was signifi-cantly increased in the dual injury group ([286.21±27.80]pg/mL) as compared with those in the control ( [ 118.65 ±22.55 ] pg/mL ) , mechanical injury([176.20±19.05]pg/mL), and LPS infection group ([187.98±16.51]pg/mL) (P<0.05), with a positive correlation be-tween the IL-21 level and theproportion of fibrosis area ( r=0.271, P<0.05) . Conclusion A rat model ofIUAwas successfully established by mechanical injury and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infection.The evi-dent increase of serum IL-21 in the IUA model was positively correlated with the percentage of fibrosis area, suggesting that IL-21 may be involved indirectly in the formation of IUA.

Objective To investigate the effective administration model for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the community. Methods In a prospective study, the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in 4 713 resident pregnant women over 20 years old who received antenatal care in a general hospital or a special hospital from Sep. 2011 to Aug. 2012. Five hundred and thirty-three pregnant women were diagnosed as GDM, 198 patients who labored in a general hospital were enrolled in thegroup A , and the rest who labored in a special hospital were enrolled in the group B. 198 cases with non-GDM were enrolled in the group C. Results The incidence of GDM during this study period was 11.3%. The maternal age , gestationl weeks and OGTT results of patients in the three groups were significantly different (P < 0.05). With the increase of maternal age of pregnant women, the blood glucose increased while the gestationl weeks descreased. No significant differencees were shown in prevalence of polyhydramnios, hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy, premature labor, macrosomia , fetal growth restriction and neonatal asphyxia among the three groups (P > 0.05). However, significant differences were found in the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage and cesarean section. The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage increased significantly in the patients of group B (χ2= 7.156, v = 2, P = 0.028). The incidence of cesarean section increased significantly in the patients of group A (χ2= 63.592, v = 2, P = 0.000). Conclusion Establishing an effective administration model for gestational diabetes mellitus in the community could control the incidence of GDM associated complications.

Objective To determine the methylation status and expression of Ras association domain family 1A (RASSF1A), and the possible effect between promoter aberrant methylation and pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. Methods The methylation status of RASSF1A promoter CpG island (CGI) pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC3 was detected in 5 cases of normal pancreatic tissue and 13 pairs of pancreatic cancer tissues (tumor and peri-tumor) by using COBRA (combined bisulfite restriction analysis) and the methylation rate was calculated. The RASSF1A mRNA expression of BxPC3 was compared between pre- and post-treatment of the inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase (5-Aza-2-deoxycitydine, 5-Aza-dC). Results The average methylation rate of RASSF1A promoter CGI was 62.90% in BXPC3, 9.14% in normal pancreas, 53.79% in peri-tumors (TP), and 55.82% in tumors. The methylation rates in port-tumors and tumors were significantly increased when compared with that of normal pancreas (P < 0.01), while there was no significant difference between in peri-tumors and tumors (P > 0.05). After 5-Aza-dC treatting BxPC3 cells, the methylation rates decreased to 42.5% (P < 0. 05) and RASSF1A mRNA expression was enhanced. Conclusions Aberrant hypermethylation of RASSF1A promoter CGI could be considered as an early event in the process of pancreatic cancer and participates in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in mammary tumors and to discuss the technique factors which influence the detection rate.Methods The 1H-MRS features of 47 mammary tumors, of which 24 malignant tumors and 23 benign tumors confirmed by pathology were analyzed. All of the tumors were detected before Gd-DTPA enhancement. Results Eleven of 24 malignant tumors showed increased choline resonance peak at 3.24 ppm while 4 of 23 benign ones at 3.24 ppm .The positive value were 45.8% and 17.4% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity were 45.8% and 82.6% respectively by using 1H-MRS to discriminate benign from malignant tumors. The main factors influencing the detection rate were low suppressed lipid, low suppressed water and low single-noise rate.Conclusion Choline is not special features of malignant tumors. Choline can be obtained despite the nature of tumor if they grow rapidly. The low sensitivity of choline to be detected mainly dues to technique factors.

ObjectiveTo investigate the methylation of the promoter region in miRNA in pancreatic cancer cell line PANC1 and normal pancreatic tissue,to discover the miRNA with hypermethylation associated with pancreatic cancer.MethodsThe genomic DNA of PANC1 and normal pancreatic tissue was extracted,and fractured by ultrasound.Methylation DNA fragments were obtained by 5-methyl of pyrimidine nucleoside antibodies and immunomagnetic beads.The hypermethylation miRNA differentially expressed between PANC1 and normal pancreatic tissue was selected by using methylation DNA chip.BSP ( bisulfite genomic sequencing PCR) and TA clone sequencing was performed for further validation.The genomic DNA of pancreatic cancer cell lines BXPC3,CFPAC1,PANC1 and SW1990 was extracted.The COBRA (combined bisulfite restriction analysis) was used to validate differentially expressed hypermethylation miRNA.ResultsEight differentially expressed hypermethylation miRNAs were screened from the DNA methylation chips,then five of them were selected for sequencing.The methylation status of miRNA-615,-663,-663b was significantly higher in the PANC1 than in normal tissues (60.6％ vs 7.6％,88.8％ vs 22.2％,94.4％ vs 13.0％ ) ; the methylation status of miRNA-675 was not significantly different between PANC1 and normal pancreatic tissue (76.0％ vs 100％ ).Due to large error in sequencing,miRNA1826 was excluded.The results of COBRA confirmed all the 4 miRNAs were highly methylated in PANC1 ; except for miRNA-675,other 3 miRNAs were highly methylated in BxPC,miRNA-663,miRNA-663b were highly methylated in CFPAC1,while miRNA-615,miRNA-663 were highly methylated in SW1990.ConclusionsHypermethylation miRNAs were differentially expressed between pancreatic cancer cell lines and normal pancreatic tissue,among them,highly methylated miRNA-663 was possibly associated with pancreatic cancer.

Objective To investigate the effect of estrogen on the fibrosis process of intrauterine adhesions and the expression of forkhead box F2 (FoxF2).Methods Primary human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) were obtained by separation with 0.2％ collagenase Ⅰ digestion-mesh filtration-differential adherence,and identified by immunocytochemistry.HESCs affected with 10ng/ml transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) for 48 hours.HESCs in model group were affected with 0,10-6,10-8,10-10 and 10-12mol/L estrogen,the expressions of smooth muscle actin alpha (α-SMA),Collagen I (COL Ⅰ) and FoxF2 were detected by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting.Results HESCs with high purity and good activity were obtained by using 0.2％ collagenase Ⅰ digestion-mesh filtration-differential adherence separation method.Immunocytochemistry showed positive vimentin and negative cytokeratin 18 in HESCs.The results of qPCR and Western blotting showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of α-SMA,COL Ⅰ and FoxF2 were higher in model group than in control group (P＜0.05),the model was built successfully.qPCR revealed that the mRNA expression levels ofα-SMA,COL Ⅰ and FoxF2 were significantly lower in 10-6,10-8 and 10-10mol/L estrogen groups than in model group (P＞0.05 in 10-10mol/L estrogen group,P＜0.05 in other groups),while in 10-12mol/L estradiol group,the expression levels of FoxF2 mRNA significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and of α-SMA and COL Ⅰ mRNA increased,but no significant difference were found (P＞0.05).Compared with the model group,the protein expression levels of α-SMA,COL Ⅰ and FoxF2 in 10-6,10-8 and 10 10mol/L estrogen groups decreased,but no significant difference was found (P＜0.05),while in 10-12mol/L estradiol group,the expression levels ofα-SMA protein increased (P＞0.05),and of COL Ⅰ and FoxF2 proteins decreased (P＜0.05).Conclusions The expression of FoxF2 in intrauterine adhesions is increased.Estrogen can reverse the fibrosis process of intrauterine adhesions in a certain range and inhibit the expression of FoxF2.

Objective To explore the effects of different intrauterine adhesion (IUA) classification systems on predicting the IUA prognosis.Methods One hundred cases were selected as the subjects in present study from those diagnosed with IUA and underwent surgery in Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University from Jan.2010 to Jan.2017,and were followed up for two years.According to the actual situation,all patients were scored by March,AFS,ESGE and Chinese classification for comparing the effects of different IUA classification systems on predicting the pregnancy rate,live birth rate and effective rate within 2 years after surgery.Results ESGE classification had a good effect on predicting the postoperative live birth rate and effective rate,and a certain predictive effect on pregnant rate,with the area under curve (AUC) of 0.722,0.754 and 0.635,respectively.March classification had a certain effect on predicting the postoperative live birth rate and effective rate with AUC of 0.635,0.754,respectively,but had a poor effect on predicting pregnant rate.AFS classification and China classification had poor effect on predicting the IUA prognosis.Conclusion ESGE classification system is better than the other systems including March,AFS and Chinese classification,on predicting the IUA prognosis,but further verification in large sample size is still required.