Objective To evaluate effectiveness of guideline-oriented training for community healthcare workers (HCWs) with The Applied Standards for Hypertension Prevention and Control at the Grassroots to provide guidance to hypertension management in communities. Methods In 2003, four community health-care service centers in Beijing were selected and assigned as intervention (one at urban and one at rural) and control (one at urban and one at rural ) groups, respectively. HCWs in the intervention group received guideline-oriented training based on The Applied Standards for Hypertension Prevention and Control at the Grassroots, while HCW in the control group did not. All HCWs participated in tests of the knowledge of hypertension management using the same questionnaire before and after the training to analyze their changes in awareness scores with a full of 32. Results There were 39 and 33 HCWs in the intervention group and 15 and 16 HCWs in the control group, respectively at urban, and 30 and 33 HCWs in the intervention group and 21 and 22 HCWs in the control group, respectively at rural before and after the training were involved in the tests, respectively. After training, overall knowledge scores of hypertension prevention and control in HCWs in the intervention group at urban increased obviously, with an average score of 26 of 32 ( 81.0% ) after training from 15 of 32 (45. 6% ) before it ( P ＜ 0. 01 ) , with a net increase of 28.5% (9/32), as compared to HCWs in the control group. Those at rural increased to 6. 6% (20/32) after training from 40. 7% (13/32) before it ( P ＜ 0.01 ), with a net increase of 22. 2 percent (7/32), as compared to HCWs in the control group. Their awareness of knowledge of hypertension prevention and control significantly improved, with the most obviously in the target of blood pressure control (51.7% vs. 31.5% ) and principles of pharmaceutical therapy (42. 2% vs. 27. 6% ). Conclusions Guideline-oriented training based on The Applied Standards for Hypertension Prevention and Control at the Grassroots can effectively improve community HCWs' awareness of knowledge of hypertension management and should be widely promoted in communities.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of patients with Moyamoya disease in the southwest of Shandong province and evaluate the efficacy of cerebral revascularization treatment in it.Methods Clinical data of 96 patients with Moyamoya disease,admitted to our hospital form March 2011 to December 2013,were analyzed retrospectively and compared with those in Japan,South Korea and Inland.Results The clinical characteristics of patients with Moyamoya disease in the southwest of Shandong province were similar with that in Japan,South Korea and Inland,but enjoyed their own particularity:the age distribution showed two peaks (aged 0-10 and aged 31-50) and the sex ratio (female＞male) was similar to those among Japanese and Korean patients,but the age distribution was more concentrated;the incidence of children (12.5％) was significantly lower than that of Japan and South Korea;the main type of Moyamoya disease was the ischemic one (80.2％);the occurrence of transient ischemic attack was higher than that in Japan,South Korea and Inland;the incidences of epilepsy and cerebral infarction were lower than those in Japan,South Korea and Inland;the incidence of cerebral hemorrhage (19.8％) was similar to Japan and Inland,and significantly lower than that in Korea.The clinical symptoms of most Moyamoya disease patients were improved with the treatment of extracranial-intracranial revascularization;and the treatment outcomes showed no significant difference between Chinese,Japanese and Korean.Conclusions The clinical features and pathogenesis mechanism of Moyamoya disease in the southwest of Shandong province may be different form Japan and South Korea.Extracranial-intracranial revascularization is a effective treatment for Moyamoya disease.