Objective: To study the microcosmic and pathological changes of compressed premaxillary suture in rabbit models with the cleft in premaxilla.Method: 12 male New Zealand rabbits, at the age of 3 weeks were designed randomly into 3 groups with 4 in each. In group 1and 2 a retropress force of 2.24 and 1.12 N was applied on the maxilla of the animals respectively. The other group was the control. The experimental animals were killed and compressed premaxilla suture specimens were examined by microscopy and electron microscopy 3,6,9 and 12 weeks after operation respectively. Result:In group 1 disturbance of microstructure and degeneration of osteoblasts were observed 3 and 6 weeks after application of the compress force. In control group normal bone structure and development of maxilla were observed. The microcosmic changes in group 2 were similar to those in group 1, but slighter. The microcostructure in the compressed premaxilla tended to be normal 9 weeks after operation. Conclusion:Compress force on premaxillary suture may result in limited pathological changes of the bone during early developing stage.

Objective To analyze the immunization coverage of 23-valent pneumococcal polysac-charide vaccine(PPV23)in a large population in Guangzhou and to evaluate its safety by analyzing the ad-verse events following immunization(AEFI)reported to the passive surveillance system. Methods Immu-nization data of PPV23 in Guangzhou from 2010 to 2015 were collected from Information Management System of Biological Products and the Information System of Immune Programming of Guangzhou. AEFI reported to the AEFI Information System during 2010 to 2015 was collected for safety evaluation. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive methodology. Results A total of 621 059 doses of PPV23 were pre-scribed in Guangzhou from 2010 to 2015. Most of the recipients were children younger than 10 years old,ac-counting for 79. 44% . Only 9. 38% of the subjects received PPV23 were older than 60 years. A total of 243 AEFI cases were reported at a rate of 39. 13 cases per 100 000 doses,among which 199 cases(32. 04 / 105 ) showed minor vaccine reactions,25 cases(4. 03 / 105 )occurred adverse events,16 cases(2. 58 / 105 )de-veloped coupled diseases and 3 cases(0. 48 / 105 )were classified as psychogenic reactions. No rare adverse reactions were observed. Conclusion The majority of people immunized with PPV23s in Guangzhou were children,while the immunization coverage among the elderly was relatively low. PPV23 was safe for vaccina-tion as the reported AEFI cases were similar to that of other vaccines.

[Summary] The characteristics ot clinical data and relevant inspection (quantitative sensory and electrophysiological studies) in 5 patients hospitalized with acute painful neuropathy following rapid glycaemic control with insulin from 2010 to 2012 in our hospital were analyzed.The results showed that 5 patients were all males,aged 31-49 years,with lower body mass index,and diagnosed as latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA) or type 2 diabetes.Glycaemic control was poor before application of insulin.When insulin was used,the hyperglycemia was rapidly corrected in a short time,with recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia during insulin treatment.The painful neuropathic symptoms appeared within 2-4 weeks after application of insulin,and were relieved partially or completely after 2-6 months.Neuropathic symptoms manifested as tingling and tenderness,with worsening during night and after insulin injection.The neuropathic symptoms were not significantly alleviated after application of neurotrophic drugs such as methycobal,protogen,and prostaglandin.These patients often suffered from severe anxiety.Nerve electromyogram examination showed slowed or normal motor conduction velocity of tibial and fibular nerves,and normal feeling threshold.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on tumor microenvironment T-lymphocyte subsets and dendritic cells in H22-bearing mice and the mechanisms for intervention of tumor immune escape by LBP. METHODS: H22-bearing mice were given LBP orally for two weeks. T-lymphocyte subsets and the phenotypes of dendritic cells in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). RESULTS: LBP could significantly increase the numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in TIL as compared with those in model control group (P<0.05). In model control group, the number of dendritic cells in tumor microenvironment decreased markedly, while in LBP-treated group, the increased number of dendritic cells and B7-1 expression were observed, but there were no significant differences between these two groups. CONCLUSION: LBP has anti-tumor effect probably by increasing the numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in TIL to relieve the immunosuppression and enhance the anti-tumor function of the immune system. But whether LBP can recover the phenocyte and function of dendritic cells in H22-bearing mice should be further studied.

Objective To explore a method of large cranial bone defect reconstructed by titanium implant with computer aided design(CAD)/computer aided manufacture(CAM)technique.Methods From April 2006 to June 2008,7 cases of cranial bone defect due to tumor and trauma were admitted.The data of skull bone defects were obtained by CT.The resin model was designed and manufactured with rapid prototyping technique.Results The CT data could be used by image software directly.The resin model was manufactured accurately by RP technique.The titanium implant design could be completed by CAD/CAM.7 patients achieved one stage healing.After a follow-up of 6 months to 1 year,cranial bone defect was reconstructed satisfactorily.Conclusion Individual design and repair of large cranial bone defect with CAD/CAM technique is worth extending application clinically.It is a quite ideal and very simple method for the surgical treatment of the cranial bone defect.

BACKGROUND:Proximal humeral fractures are commonly treated by open reduction and internal fixation, which greatly injuries tissue and noticeably damages local blood supply. However, with the development of material and progress of repair method, complications have obviously reduced. OBJECTIVE: To compare the difference of locking plate and ordinary steel plate in the repair of proximal humeral fractures. METHODS:A total of 68 patients with great displacement and comminuted proximal humeral fractures, who were treated in the Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from February 2012 to October 2014, were enroled in this study. According to fixation method, they were divided into two groups. 32 cases in the locking plate group were subjected to locking plate, and 36 cases in the ordinary steel plate group received fixation with T type plate and Clover plate. They were folowed up at the out-patient clinic at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 weeks after treatment. The satisfaction rate of shoulder function treatment was assessed using Neer scoring system. They received reexamination before withdrawal of fixator. The incidence of complications was observed in patients. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The satisfaction rate was significantly lower in the ordinary steel plate group than in the locking plate group (75%, 81%,P < 0.05). No screw and plate breakage, shoulder seam impact,humeral head necrosis or infection was found in the locking plate group. Six cases suffered from pain. In the ordinary steel plate group, there were screw and plate breakage in five cases, shoulder seam impact in five cases, pain in eight cases, humeral head necrosis in two cases and infection in two cases. The incidence of complications was significantly greater in the ordinary steel plate group than in the locking plate group (P < 0.05). These data suggest that locking plate can be used as the first choice for internal fixation in treatment of proximal humeral fractures. No matter satisfaction rate of repair or complications, it is better than ordinary steel plate fixation.

BACKGROUND:Tougu Xiaotong Capsule has pretty good clinical therapeutic effect on osteoarthritis of early and middle periods. However, the mechanism of Tougu Xiaotong Capsule is not ful y clarified. The RhoA GTPases can regulate chondrocyte apoptosis and hypertrophy.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the Tougu Xiaotong Capsule on the expression of Rac1and Cdc42 in tumor necrosis factor-α-induced in vitro cultured rat articular chondrocytes, and to explore its mechanism of action for combating osteoarthritis.
METHODS:Knee cartilage of the 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats was used to stably establish in vitro culture system of chondrocytes. Passage 3 chondrocytes were identified by toluidine blue staining. Chondrocyte apoptosis was successful y induced by 20μg/L tumor necrosis factor-αand then Tougu Xiaotong Capsule at different dosage (500, 100, 20 mg/L) was given after 24-hour incubation. MTT assay was used to detect cellsurvival, flow cytrometry to measure mitochondrial membrane potential, and western blot assay to determine the protein expression of Rac1, Cdc42, Bax and Bcl-2.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Tougu Xiaotong Capsule could reduce tumor necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis of chondrocytes to improve the survival rate of the cells, and at the same time, could down-regulate the protein expression of Rac1, Cdc42 and Bax and increase the protein expression of Bcl-2 significantly (P<0.05). Tougu Xiaotong Capsule possibly plays a therapeutic efficacy on osteoarthritis by reducing promote apoptosis Rac1, Cdc42 and Bax expression and increasing apoptosis inhibiting gene Bcl-2 expression, thereby to inhibit apoptosis of chondrocytes.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been induced to differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro.OBJECTIVE:To explore the association between GATA-4, Nkx-2.5 and α-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) expression and cell morphological changes and structure formation in the process of BMSCs differentiation into cardiomyocyte-like cells.METHODS:By using myocardial lysate, BMSCs were induced to differentiate into cardiomyocytes.Immunocytochemistry staining was used to detect cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and connexin43, for the identification of cardiomyocytes. In the process of directional differentiation, RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of GATA-4,Nkx2.5 and α-MHC.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:During the directional differentiation of BMSCs, the cells were changed from long fusiform to short rod, forming protrusions that were interconnected to form mesh-like, bamboo-like or myotube-like structure. When the cells were interconnected like a bamboo, cTNT and connexin43 positive cells were visible, and then the number of positive cells increased with the presence of myotube-like structure. RT-PCR results showed that during the induced directional differentiation of BMSCs, GATA-4, Nkx2.5 and α-MHC mRNA levels increased continuously. When interconnected cells formed a mesh-like structure, GATA-4 expression reached the peak and then kept a high level. When adjacent cells were fused into a myotube-like structure, α-MHC reached the peak. Additionally, the expression of Nkx2.5presented a time-dependent increase trend. Overall, during the induced differentiation of BMSCs into cardiomyocyte-like cells, the expression of cardiomyocyte specific genes, characterized by temporality and spatiality, is related to the changes of cell morphology and special structure formation.

Objective:To establish the method for the determination of emodin and danshensu Pinggan oral liquid. Methods:The contents were determined by HPLC. The chromatographic conditions for emodin were as follows: an Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column (150 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5μm) was used and the mobile phase was methanol-water (80 ∶20). The detection wavelength was 287 nm and the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 . The column temperature was 25℃ and the injection volume was 20 μl. The chromatographic condi-tions for Danshensu were as follows:an Agilent Eclipse SB-C18 column (150 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm) was used and the mobile phase was methanol-1% acetic acid solution (2 ∶98). The detection wavelength was 280 nm and the flow was 1. 0 ml·min-1. The column temperature was 30℃ and the injection volume was 20 μl. Results:Emodin had a good linear relationship within the range of 26. 75-428. 00 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 9). The average recovery was 102. 7% and RSD was 0. 76% (n=6). Sodium Danshensu had a good linear relationship within the range of 10.17-162.77 μg·ml-1(r =0.999 9). The average recovery was 100.5% and RSD was 1. 47% (n=6). Conclusion:The method is simple, accurate and reproducible, which can be used for the quality control of the prep-aration.

Objective To explore a method for repairing the appearance and function of the cheek aesthetic unit.Methods A single volume of 100 ml to 150 ml of tissue expander was implanted at the lower edge of the injury area on the cheek.The first injection was performed 5 days after the operation and twice a week after the injection.It took an average of about 4 months to complete the expansion,with 3-5 times over expanded.The lesions were resurfaced with the expanded flaps,and long term follow-up was observed for flap survival.Results 17 cases of cheek lesions had been successfully reconstructed,with the color,texture of the expanded flaps well matched to the surrounding skin after 3-12 months follow-up.The facial expression functions and configurations were satisfied.Conclusions Excessive expansion of the prefabricated skin flap of the jaw and neck can repair the cheek aesthetic unit successfully,which is a practical method and meets the needs of aesthetic unit repair.