Since the fecal bacteria transplantation (FMT) had been exist for a long time, it attracted more attention in recent years because this therapy could adjust the bacteria disturbance rapidly in clinical settings. Recent studies demonstrated that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has great clinical value in the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection, inflammatory bowel disease, Intractable functional constipation and other diseases. But the FMT is not as perfect as we expect, so we did this article to review the history and terminology of FMT, and summarized the progress in nursing methods of FMT.

In order to broaden the application area of the new nitrogen removal technology, a full-scale system for short-cut nitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) was investigated in the nitrogen removal from a strong-ammonium pharmaceutical wastewater. When the influent ammonium concentration was (430.40 ± 55.43) mg/L, ammonia removal efficiency was (81.75 ± 9.10)%. The short-cut nitrification and Anammox system could successfully remove nitrogen from the pharmaceutical wastewater. The start-up of short-cut nitrification system took about 74 d and the nitrite accumulation efficiency was (52.11 ± 9.13)%, the two-step mode using synthetic wastewater and actual wastewater was suitable for the start-up of short-cut nitrification system. The start-up of Anammox system took about 145 d and the maximum volumetric nitrogen removal rate was 6.35 kg N/(m3·d), dozens of times higher than those for the conventional nitrification-denitrification process. The strategy achieving Anammox sludge by self-growth and biocatalyst addition was suitable for the start-up of Anammox system.
Ammonia ; chemistry ; Bioreactors ; Drug Industry ; Nitrification ; Nitrites ; chemistry ; Nitrogen ; chemistry ; Sewage ; microbiology ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; methods ; Waste Water ; chemistry

We conducted studies to confirm the hypothesis that the cellular damage occurring around implanted biphasic bioceramics could be related to a micro-particles release because of an insufficient sintering. An in vitro cytotoxicity study was performed on four biphasic ceramic (BCP) samples. Without the treatment of extraction medium, a cytotoxicity was observed, although after centrifugation this cytotoxicity disappeared in all samples. (2) Micro-particles of HA, beta-TCP and 40%beta-TCP/60%HA mixture were used for a cell inhibition study. A decrease of cell viability was observed with the increase in particles concentration. At 10000 particles/ cell, the viability and proliferation were completely inhibited. (3) HA, beta-TCP and BCP ceramic granules were implanted in rabbit femoral cavities for 12 weeks. No degradation of HA granules was observed. The degradation was higher for beta-TCP (40%) than for BCP (5%). On the other hand, new bone formation was significantly higher for beta-TCP (21%) and HA (18%) than for BCP (12%). Much more micro-particles were formed around BCP granules than around beta-TCP, and were phagocytosed by macrophages. The release of ceramic micro-particles could be related to the sintering process. BCP ceramics have to be sintered at only 1160 degrees C. Consequently, HA microparticles of BCP ceramic are incompletely sintered and easily released after immersion or implantation. The microparticles could be at the origin of local inflammation and cell damage and could perhaps modify osteogenesis. Particular attention must be paid to this problem with regard to BCP ceramics because of the sintering difficulties of this bioceramic.
Biocompatible Materials ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; Calcium Phosphates ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; Cells, Cultured ; Ceramics ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; Hydroxyapatites ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; Materials Testing ; Particle Size ; Prostheses and Implants ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes of the serum immune cytokines in medical radiation workers exposure to low dose ionizing radiation. METHODS: Totally 244 medical professionals working with radiation(61 diagnosis radiology,51 nuclear medicine,74 radio therapeutics and 58 interventional radiology) from 7 hospitals of Guangdong Province were selected as study subjects by using the typical sampling method; 51 administration workers who did not expose to radiation were selected as control group. The radiation dose of these individuals was monitored by thermoluminescent measurement instrument for one year. Venous blood was collected and the levels of interferon γ(IFN-γ),interleukin 10(IL-10),transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) in serum were examined by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay. RESULTS: The maximum annual average dose of radiation per person of the medical radiation workers was 0. 41 mSv/a. It was smaller than the occupational exposure limit(20. 00 mSv/a). The annual average dose of radiation per person in the group of nuclear medicine was significantly higher than those of diagnosis radiology,radio therapeutics and interventional radiology(P <0. 01). Among the male staffs,the expression of IL-10 in the diagnosis radiology group,radio therapeutics group and interventional radiology group was lower than that in the control group(P < 0. 05); the expression of IL-10 in radio therapeutics group was lower than those in nuclear medicine group and interventional radiology group(P < 0. 05); the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-10 in radio therapeutics group was higher than those in diagnosis radiology group,nuclear medicine group,interventional radiology group and control group(P < 0. 05). These individuals were divided into 3 different dose group(0. 03-,0. 06-and > 0. 15 m Sv/a) based on their average radiation dose. The expression of IL-10 in male staffs of these3 dose groups was lower than that of the male control group(P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: Long-term low dose ionizing radiation may restrain the expression level of IL-10 in the male staffs.

Objective: To explore the usability of regional saturation of cerebral oxygenation (rScO₂) combined with percentage of α variability (PAV) in predicting brain function prognosis in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted. The clinical data of patients with TBI who were monitored rScO₂ and bedside quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Henan Provincial People's Hospital from August 2018 to July 2019 were collected. The rScO₂, PAV, and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score were recorded within 72 hours after the TBI. The primary prognostic indicator was the 3-month Glasgow outcome score (GOS) score. The differences between the two groups of poor prognosis of brain function (GOS score 1-3) and good prognosis (GOS score 4-5) were compared. Binary multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between rScO₂, PAV, GCS score and the prognosis of brain function in patients with TBI. In addition, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to analyze the predicting value of rScO₂ and PAV only or combination for prognosis of brain function. Results: A total of 42 patients with TBI were enrolled in the study, with rScO₂≥0.60 (grade Ⅰ) in 14 patients, 0.50≤rScO₂ < 0.60 (grade Ⅱ) in 16 patients, and rScO₂ < 0.50 (grade Ⅲ) in 12 patients. PAV 3-4 scores (grade Ⅰ) were detected in 16 patients, 2 scores (grade Ⅱ) in 17 patients, and 1 score (grade Ⅲ) in 9 patients. GCS score 9-14 (grade Ⅰ) were observed in 13 patients, 4-8 (grade Ⅱ) in 23 patients, and 3 (grade Ⅲ) in 6 patients; 18 patients had poor prognosis and 24 had good one. The rScO₂, PAV and GCS scores of the poor-prognosis group were significantly higher than those in the good-prognosis group [rScO₂ with grade Ⅲ: 55.6% (10/18) vs. 8.3% (2/24), PAV with grade Ⅲ: 38.9% (7/18) vs. 8.4% (2/24), GCS score with grade Ⅲ: 27.7% (5/18) vs. 4.1% (1/24)] with significant differences (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in other general data including gender, age, total length of hospital stay or acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ) score between the two groups. Binary multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that rScO₂ and PAV were independent risk factors for prognosis of brain in patients with TBI [rScO₂: odds ratio (OR) = 4.656, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.071-20.233, P = 0.040; PAV: OR = 3.525, 95%CI was 1.044-11.906, P = 0.042]. ROC curve analysis showed that both of rScO₂ and PAV had predictive value for the prognosis of brain function in patients with TBI (AUC was 0.796 and 0.780, respectively, both P < 0.01), and rScO₂ combined with PAV had higher predictive value with the AUC of 0.851 (P < 0.01) than rScO₂ or PAV alone, the sensitivity was 94.4% and the specificity was 62.5%. Conclusions rScO₂ and PAV were associated with early brain function prognosis in patients with TBI. The combination of two monitoring indicators can reliably assess the prognosis of brain function in patients with TBI.