Recent studies found that B cell subsets and their factors have double effects on anti-and aiding schistosome infec-tion. This article summarizes the research progress of positive and negative immunoregulation of schistosome infection involving B lymphocytes antibody and regulatory B cells Bregs relating cytokines IL-10 IL-7 and TGF-β .

Objective By making models of premature animal,explores the effects of dexamethasone on the brain development of premature rats and its mechanisms.Methods Eighteen SD rats were randomly divided into high-dexamethasone(H-Dex) group,low-dexamethasone (L-Dex) group and normal saline(NS) control group,with 6 rats in each group.The pregnant rats in L-Dex group were injected with dexamethasone [0.1 mg/(kg·d)] from 16 to 18 days of pregnancy,while the pregnant rats in H-Dex group were injected with dexamethasone [0.5 mg/(kg· d)] ; the pregnant rats in NS control group were injected with 0.9％ NaCl of the same volume.All of the fetal rats were received after administrating caesarean operation on the day 19 of pregnancy.Rats were sacrificed at the directed time and brain tissue was prepared.Histological feature and the water content of the brains were observed.Level of apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry.The expressions of myelin basic protein (MBP) and interleukin(IL)-1β in brain tissue homogenate were detected by ELISA.Results (1) The brain water contents of rats in H-Dex group,L-Dex group and NS control group were (85.94 ± 0.54) ％,(86.08 ± 1.01) ％,(86.94 ± 0.82) ％.Compared with NS control group,the water contents of Dex group were lower (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Glial cells of brain cortex in L-Dex group and H-Dex group were more mature than in NS control group,and the changes in H-Dex group was more significant.(3) The expressions of MBP in brain tissue of H-Dex group,L-Dex group and NS control group were (5.73 ± 1.06) μg/mg,(5.46 ±0.77) μg/mg and (2.42 ±0.52) μg/mg.Compared with NS control group,Dex group was higher(P ＜0.05).While the expressions of IL-1β in brain tissue of H-Dex group,L-Dex group and NS control group were (249.05 ± 11.29) pg/g,(257.47 ± 9.33) and (292.66 ± 21.51) pg/g.Compared with NS control group,Dex group was lower(P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between H-Dex group and L-Dex group(P ＞ 0.05).(4) The level of apoptosis in H-Dex group,L-Dex group and NS control group were (18.07 ± 1.63) ％,(6.88 ± 0.47) ％ and (2.00 ± 0.32) ％.Compared with NS control group,the level of apoptosis in Dex group was higher(P ＜0.05),and H-Dex group was higher than that in L-Dex group.Conclusion (1) Using dexamethasone prophylactic could promote the development of glial cells,reduce the water content,increase the expressions of MBP,and decrease the expressions of IL-1β in brain tissues.It indicates that dexamethasone may play a major role in maturation of fetal brain.(2) Using dexamethasone prophylactic could increase the amounts of the apoptosis cells,and this effect is dose-dependent.It indicates that dexamethasone may have a negative effect on the fetal brain and suggestes that using dexamethasone in premature infant should be cautious,and if it has to,using a lower dose.

Objective To investigate the effect of chronic infection of Toxoplasma gondii on the spatial learning and memory capability in mice.Methods Toxoplasma tachyzoites(RH strain)were reanimated at 37 ℃ after 15 days' storage at-20 ℃,and injected intraperitoneally to mice of the experimental group each with 7.7?105.Normal saline was given to the control group,0.5 ml per mouse.Two months later,all mice were tested in the Morris Water Maze.Smears of the mice brain homogenate and pathological sections were examined.Results ① The density of cysts in the brain homogenate was 15/HP,and there was no evident pathological change in the hippocampus and adjacent areas of mice in the brain in the experimental mice.② Latency to platform,cumulative distance to the platform,total distance traveled in both experimental and control groups decreased significantly with the increase of training days(P

Objective To explore the implementation situation and influencing factors of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) after receiving post-abortion care (PAC) in artificial abortion women.Methods According to the demographic characteristics and abortion risks,4 068 artificial abortion women in the family planning clinic of our hospital were classified.The LARC implementation situation after receiving PAC was compared among different characteristic populations.The Chi square test was utilized to analyze the statistical significance of the data by SAS software.Results The LARC rate in young women was 7.9%),which was lower than 27.7% in 19-40 years old women and 11.8% in perimenopausal women;the LARC rate in nulliparous women was 10.6%,which was lower than 27.7% in parous women;the LARC rate in high-risk abortion women was 33.1%,which was higher than 16.6% in low-risk abortion women,these data analysis had statistically significant significance (P<0.05).The LARC rate in ≤ 20 years old women among high-risk abortion women,breastfeeding women,delivery women within three months,cesarean section women within six months and more than three times artificial abortion women was low (< 50%).However,the LARC rate in the scar pregnancy women and more than two times cesarean section women was high (> 80%).Conclusion Young women,nulliparous women and postpartum women in high-risk artificial abortion should be ranked the focus group for PAC consulting.

Objective To investigate the causes and risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected parturient.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on the 1021 HBV infected parturient from Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from July 2005 to June 2011.The comparisons were done by chi-square test.Results Among 1021 cases of HBV infected parturient,868 (85.01％) were asymptomatic and the PPH rate was 2.76％ (24/868) ;the remaining 153 cases (14.99％) were chronic active hepatitis B and the PPH rate was 16.99％(26/153).The difference between two groups was statistically significant (x2 =56.541,P＜0.01).The total incidence rate of PPH was 4.89％ (50/1021) and 17 cases (34.00％) were postpartum hemorrhage＞1000mL.The causes of PPH included uterine inertia (30/50,60.00％),abnormal placenta (11/50,22.00％),dysfunction of coagulation (5/50,10.00％) and lesion of birth canal (4/50,8.00％).The risk factors of PPH included delivery mode (x2 =6.528,P=0.038),abortion times (x2 =16.269,P=0.000),delivery times (x2 =6.990,P=0.008),ALT levels (x2=56.541,P=0.000) and HBV DNA (x2 =64.706,P=0.000).Conclusions The main causes of PPH in HBV infected parturient include uterine inertia,abnormal placenta,lesion of birth canal and dysfunction of blood coagulation.PPH is correlated with abortion times,delivery times,delivery mode,liver function and HBV DNA.The incidence of PPH in parturient with chronic active hepatitis B is higher than asymptomatic parturient.

To explore the effects and mechanism of dexamethasone and ambroxol on expression of surfactant protein (SP)-B mRNA and thyroid transcription factor (TTF)-1 in premature rat lung. Methods Sixteen pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: two doses of dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg injected intramuscularly on Day 17 and 18 of pregnancy respectively);single dose of dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg injected intramuscularly on Day 18 of pregnancy);ambroxol group (100 mg/kg injected intraperitoneally on Day 16, 17 and 18 of pregnancy respectively); and control group (normal saline injected intraperitoneally on Day 16, 17 and 18 of pregnancy respectively). There were four pregnant rats in each group. All of the fetal rats were taken out on Day 19 of pregnancy as the preterm birth model, and 20 fetal rats from each group were randomly selected. The ratio of body weight to fetal lung weight of newborn rats was calculated. Changes in lung morphology were observed under light microscopy and the ratio of alveoli surface area to alveolar septae surface area was calculated. Expression of TTF-1 protein was determined by immunohistochemistry. Expression of SP-B mRNA was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. One-way analysis of variance, Student-Newman-Keuls method and Pearson correlation analysis were applied as statistical methods. Results (1) The ratio of body weight to fetal lung weight was (6.5±0.6), (7.9±0.8), (9.5±0.8) and (9.5±0.9) mg/g in two doses of dexamethasone group, one dose of dexamethasone group, ambroxol group and control group respectively (F=67.69,P<0.01). The ratio of two doses and one dose of dexamethasone group was lower than that of control group (q=17.143 and 9.143, all P<0.01) and ambroxol group (q=17.143 and 9.143, all P<0.01). The ratio of two doses dexamethasone group was lower than that of one dose dexamethasone group (q=8.000, P<0.01). (2) The ratio of alveoli surface area to alveolar septae surface area was 2.19±0.15, 1.70±0.18, 1.67±0.13 and 1.08±0.12 in two doses of dexamethasone group, one dose of dexamethasone group, ambroxol group and control group respectively (F=190.85, P<0.01). The ratio of two doses of dexamethasone group, one dose of dexamethasone group and ambroxol group were higher than that of the control group (q=33.639, 18.788 and 17.879, all P<0.01). The ratio of two doses dexamethasone group was higher than that of one dose dexamethasone group (q=14.848, P<0.01). (3) Expression of TTF-1 protein was 0.311±0.018, 0.224±0.019, 0.196±0.013 and 0.191±0.018 in two doses of dexamethasone group, one dose of dexamethasone group, ambroxol group and control group respectively (F=211.69,P<0.01). TTF-1 protein expression of two doses and one dose of dexamethasone group were higher than that of control group (q=30.000 and 8.250, all P<0.01) and ambroxol group (q=28.750 and 7.000, all P<0.01). TTF-1 protein expression of two doses dexamethasone group was higher than that of one dose dexamethasone group (q=21.750, P<0.01). (4) Expression of SP-B mRNA was 1.25±0.13, 1.15±0.12, 1.10±0.10 and 1.01±0.12 in two doses of dexamethasone group, one dose of dexamethasone group, ambroxol group and control group respectively (F=14.48, P<0.01). SP-B mRNA expression of two doses of dexamethasone group, one dose of dexamethasone group and ambroxol group were higher than that of control group (q=9.231, 5.385 and 3.462, all P<0.01). SP-B mRNA expression of two doses of dexamethasone group was higher than that of ambroxol group (q=5.769, P<0.01) and one dose of dexamethasone group (q=3.846, P<0.01). (5)TTF-1 expression in two doses of dexamethasone group, one dose of dexamethasone group and control groups was positively correlated with SP-B mRNA expression (r=0.512, 0.597 and 0.449, respectively, all P<0.05). Conclusions Ambroxol can accelerate the maturation of fetal lung with minimal adverse effects on fetal lung weight. Ambroxol might be an alternative to dexamethasone to prevent neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.

Objective: To explore the occurrence of anemia in patients with ten common malignant tumors and the related risk factors. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in 15 612 patients with ten common malignant tumors admitted in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from January 2016 to September 2016 by single factor analysis. Results: Among the 15 612 cases, there were 7 468 males (47.83%), 8 144 females (52.17%), and anemia occurred in 5 541 cases, accounted for 35.5% of all the cases with malignancy.Ovarian cancer, gastric cancer and esophageal cancer ranked top three in all types with occurrence of 57.9%, 53.1% and 49% respectively.According to the grading, mild to moderate (Grade 1-2) anemia accounted for 91.2% of the total cancer related anemia, while severe (Grade 3-4) consisted only a small proportion of 8.8%.The mean age of malignant tumor patients was (56.1±11.6)years old, and that showed a significantly difference between the anemia group and non-anemia group in patients' ages among lung cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma(t=7.162, 2.486, 4.353, 2.926, all P<0.05). Gender analysis showed that male patients were more prone to cancer related anemia in esophageal cancer and lung cancer(χ²=91.034, 9.240, all P<0.05), and less likely in colorectal cancer, liver cancer and thyroid cancer(χ²=7.707, 6.629, 8.700, all P<0.05) (ovarian cancer, cervix cancer and breast cancer were excluded in this section for their none or rare incidence in male). Conclusion The patients with malignancy have a relative high occurrence of anemia.Caner related anemia is rather mild to moderate than severe, and tumor types, ages and genders were the risk factors of anemia in patients with malignancy.

Objective To investigate the effect of Andrographis paniculata Nees(APN)extract on Coxsackievirus A16(CVA16)in vitro.Methods African green monkey kidney-derived Vero cells(Vero cells)were treated with APN extract at the concentration of 500.0,250.0,125.0,60.0,30.0,15.0,7.5 and 3.8 μg/mL,the cytotoxicity was determined with cell counting Kit-8 and the IC50was calculated by Probit unit regression method.Direct inactivating activity on CVA16,blocking of CVA16 adsorbing Vero cells and inhibition of CVA16 replication in Vero cells were determined and compared between Ribavirin(RBV) and APN extract with CVA16-infected Vero cells.SPSS 24.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results The selected concentrations of APN extract and RBV for experiment were 15.0, 7.5 and 3.8 μg/mL according to cytotoxicity test.Both of APN extract and RBV had neither direct inactivation on CVA 16 nor blocking of CVA16 adsorbing at the concentration of 15.0,7.5 and 3.8 μg/mL(F=1.54,1.52 and 0.67, 1.68,all P>0.05).However,both drugs had the capability of inhibiting CVA 16 replication in Vero cells at the concentration of 15.0 and 7.5 μg/mL(t=6.87,11.76 and 7.71,12.84,all P<0.05).Conclusion Experimental result shows that APN extract can effectively inhibit CVA 16 replication in Vero cells in vitro.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (Nab-P) in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Fifty-six over 65 years old patients with advanced NSCLC treated with Nab-P monotherapy in department of chemotherapy of the People's Hospital of Zhongshan City from January 2014 to January 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. The chemotherapy regimen was Nab-P 260 mg/m2, on d1 or d1 + d8, every 21 day for a cycle, imaging examination was made for efficacy evaluation after every 2 cycles. Results All 56 patients had been evaluated for efficacy, and received a total of 186 cycles of chemotherapy. All patients had been completed 2 cycles or more than 2 cycles of chemotherapy, and the median number of chemotherapy cycles was 3. The treatment response rate (RR) was 25.0 ％ and the disease control rate (DCR) was 76.8 ％. The median progression free survival (PFS) time was 4.7 months. The main adverse reactions were neutropenia, nausea and vomiting, fatigue and peripheral nerve toxicity. However, the vast majorities of adverse reactions were grade 1-2, and can be improved after treatment. Conclusions Nab-P is effective in the treatment of advanced NSCLC in elderly patients. The adverse reactions are mild and tolerant, and it is worthy to be popularized.

Objective: To investigate the survival and prognostic factors of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for patients with myeloid neoplasms and RUNX1 mutations. Methods: From July 2014 to April 2018, the clinical data of forty-two AML/MDS patients with RUNX1 mutations in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical characteristic features and distribution of the mutations frequently observed with RUNX1 mutations were summarized, the prognosis of allo-HSCT for these patients was also analyzed. Results: Among 42 AML/MDS patients with RUNX1 mutations, 27 were male, 15 were female. The median age was 43.5 (16-68) years old. There are 31 patients in allo-HSCT group and 11 patients in chemotherapy group. RUNX1 mutations co-occurred with many other gene mutations, the most frequent mutations were FLT3 (26.2%, 11/42) . Interestingly, FLT3 mutations only occurred in AML patients compared with MDS patients (P=0.014) . ASXL1 (25%, 3/12) mutations were observed as the most frequent co-mutations in MDS patients. One-year overall survival (OS) , disease-free survival (DFS) of allo-HSCT and chemotherapy patients were (70.6±9.0) %, (61.0±9.4) % and (34.4±16.7) %, (22.4±15.3) %, respectively. When OS and DFS between allo-HSCT and chemotherapy patients were compared, significant differences (χ²=4.843, 4.320, P<0.05) were showed. In univariate analysis, transplant age >45 years was a negative effect for OS [HR=4.819 (95% CI 1.145-20.283) , P=0.032] and DFS [HR=5.945 (95% CI 1.715-20.604) , P=0.005]. Also, complex chromosome karyotype abnormality was a negative effect for OS [HR=5.572 (95%CI 1.104-28.113) , P=0.038]. Conclusion Transplant age (>45 years) and complex chromosome karyotype abnormality were negative prognostic factors in allo-HSCT for myeloid neoplasms patients with RUNX1 mutations.