BACKGROUND: Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are pluripotent cells which may differentiate into tissues of all three germ layers. Such research as the feeder-free growth of hESCs is few in China. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is a major factor to maintain the undifferentiated state of hESCs.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of FGF at different concentrations in maintaining the undifferentiated state and pluripotency of hESC lines in the long-term culture.METHODS: Two cell lines of hES-8 and hES-18 were cultured with mouse embryonic fibroblast condition medium for 3 passages and then transferred into mouse embryonic fibroblast condition medium containing different concentrations of FGF: 100, 160, 250 μg/L for 8 passages. The hESCs were removed from the petri dish, cell clusters were digested with collagenase IV and gathered. Cell differentiation and pluripotency were observed. The eighth generation of the hESCs were collected and incubated into severe combined immunodeficiency mice, so as to observe teratoma formation. Morphologies of the cells were evaluated. Alkaline phosphatase staining, surface labeling immunocytochemical analysis and RT-PCR assay method were utilized to determine the OCT-4 expression and tumorigenesis in vivo.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cultured in mouse embryonic fibroblast condition medium containing 160 and 250 μg/L FGF, two cell lines of hESC could maintain undifferentiated state: Clones were round with a high ratio of nucleus to cytoplasm. Large areas in the center of clones were undifferentiated cells, while surrounding the clones were differentiated cells; Strong positive expression for alkaline phosphatase staining was observed; Two cell lines showed high levels of OCT-4 transcription factor protein; The surface markers SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81 were all positive on both two lines; The hESC clusters could form embryoid body in vivo 10 days later; 3 germ layers of teratomas were also obtained after implanted into severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Mouse embryonic fibroblast condition medium containing 100 μg/L FGF was not sufficient to maintain the long-term proliferation of hESCs, and most of the cells differentiated and died after 4 passages. Alone with concentration 160 μg/LbFGF or more could maintain two hESC lines undifferentiated stably in vitro, has no influence on the differentiation and totipotency of two cell lines.

Based on a review of literature and the current reform of public hospital corporate governance,such corporate governance is divided intocombined regulation and operation,anddivided regulation and operationmodels.Then the principal-agent theory was called into play to analyze the main problems and causes of the existing models.From the perspectives of government supervision and assessment,professionalization of hospital directors,market competition mechanism,thoughts were made on how to improve such corporate governance.

Objective:To study effects of psychological intervention and sedativn on stress response to gastroscopy.Methods:86 patients for gastroscopy were randomly divided into three groups:29 patients in group of psychological intervention watched video materials about psychological intervention before gastroscopy;29 patients in sedative group were given intravenous midazolam and propofol.; 28 patients in control group were no psychological intervention or sedation. Patient's discomfort and changes of blood pressure(BP),heart rate(HR) , saturation of pulse oxygen(SpO 2) were recorded. The level of norepinephrine(NE), adnephrin(E), dopamine(DA) and cortisol(CS)in serum were detected.Results:The incidence of cough,nausea and vomiting, and restlessness in group of psychological intervention and in sedative group was lower as compared with the control group. BP,HR,NE,E and CS in control group rose significantly during the procedure while that of patients in group of psychological intervention and in sedative group was no significant change.Conclusion:The psychological intervention or sedation with midazolam and propofol can reduce stress response to gastroscopy.

Constant infusion, exponentially declining infusion and program infusion of theophlline were administered to rabbits byadopting the rabbit population pharmacokinetic parameters in this laboratory, and the plasma concentrations of the drug was measured by ul- traviolet spectrophotometry. The results showed that the plasma drug concentrations following exponentially declining infusion and program infusion attained the desired steady-state level at only 30 min, though the T1/2?= 6. 08h, The median absolute value of performance error in pro-gram infusion and exponentially declining infusion was 7. 8% and 14% respectively.

Objective To investigate the clinical and characteristic imaging findings of intracranial gliosarcoma. Methods The imaging findings of surgery and pathology proved intracranial gliosarcoma in 15 cases were retrospectively analyzed. There were 10 males and 5 females, ranging in age from 44 to 67 years (mean age 58 years). Results All tumors were located in supratentorium, including 13 cases in the temporal or parietal lobe, 1 cases in the occipital lobe, and 1 cases in the thalamus. Tumors appeared as round or ellipse in shape. The lesions ranged in size from 3 to 9 cm (mean 4.6 cm). CT scan showed mingled hypo and isodensity in 7, hypodense in 4 with CT value from 18 to 22 HU, hyperdense in 4 with the CT value from 48 to 55 HU. Enhancement appeared as an irregular pattern. The margin was clear. Most intracranial gliosarcoma showed perifocal edema. MRI were examined in 6 cases, whichappeared as low signal on T 1WI, and as high signal on T 2WI. There was irregular enhancement of the mass. Conclusion It was difficult to make the correct preoperative diagnosis for gliosarcoma, but it was possible to make a tendency diagnosis using CT or MR combined with the history. Contrast enhanced CT and MRI should be useful in differentiating gliosarcoma from glioblastoma.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical application effects of tinnitus diagnosis and treatment process. METHOD: The 1541 clinic patients with tinnitus were included in the diagnosis and treatment process. The diagnosis was clarified based on comprehensive examinations and tests. According to the characteristics of tinnitus, the patients underwent etiological treatment, drug therapy, masking therapy, sound therapy and psychological therapy, respectively, and the curative effect was evaluated. RESULT: There were 781 patients received etiological treatment, where the effective rate is 86.17%. For 369 cases of acute and subacute tinnitus, the effective rate for low frequency tinnitus is 80.77% (126/156), and that for high frequency is 72.30% (154/213). For 224 cases of chronic compensated tinnitus, the effective rate of masking therapy is 79.63% (86/108), and the effective rate of sound therapy is 79.31% (92/116). For the 124 cases of chronic decompensated tinnitus, the effective rate of sound therapy combined with psychological counseling is 83.06%. CONCLUSION The utilization of tinnitus diagnosis and treatment process can give the patients of tinnitus with different characteristics satisfactory curative effects, and is suggested to be proposed for clinical application.
Acoustic Stimulation ; Counseling ; Humans ; Tinnitus ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the serum therapeutic concentration of tramadol during intravenous analgesia for postoperative pain relief. Methods Twenty adult patients ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ (10 male, 10 female) undergoing elective radical operation for cancer of stomach were treated with intravenous tramadol for postoperative pain relief. Patients addicted to any drug or tolerant to opioid and patients with epilepsy or liver and/or renal dysfunction were excluded. All patients were premedicated with intramuscular phenobarbital 0.1g and atropine 0.5mg. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0. 1mg/kg and fentanyl 5 μg/kg and intubation was facilitated with vecuronium 0.16mg/kg. Anesthesia was maintained with continuous intravenous infusion of propofol 4-6 mg@ kg 1 @ h 1, fentanyl 2-3 μg@ kg-1 @ h-1 and vecuronium 0.1mg@ kg-1@ h-1 combined with inhalation of 1% isoflurane. After surgery in ICU when patients felt slight pain (VAS 1-2), intravenous tramadol 1.5mg/kg was given as initial dose. Whenever patients felt slight pain (VAS 1-2) again, a bolus of tramadol 20 mg was given intravenously every 10 min until VAS was 0. The onset time (from the end of iv injection of initial dose of tramadol to VAS 0), the duration of action (from VAS 0 to VAS 1-2) and the time when accumulated dose of tramadol amounted to twice the initial dose were recorded. HR, MAP, respiratory rate (RR) and SpO2 were monitored and recorded before and 10, 20, 30 min after administration of tramadol. Venous blood samples were taken before each additional tramadol administration on demand for determination of serum tramadol concentration by high performance liquid chromatography. Results The mean serum therapeutic level of tramadol during period of analgesia was (370±148)ng/ml(248.6-615.7ng/ml). The mean onset time of the initial dose was (9.2± 2.1 )min. The mean duration of action was (2.3 ± 1.0)h. The time when accumulated dose of tramadol amounted to twice the initial dose was (6.4 ± 2.7)h on average. There were no significant changes in HR,MAP, RR and SpO2 after tramadol. Conclusions It is safe and effective to give intravenous tramadol for postoperative pain relief. Serum therapeutic concentration of tramadol varies greatly from patient to patient,so the dose of tramadol should be individulized.[Key Words] Pain, postoperative; Tramadol; Plasma concentration; Injections, intravenous

Objective To study the transfer of ropivacaine across the single cotyledon of the term human placenta and the effects of maternal hypoproteinemia and fetal acidemia on the transfer. Methods Eighteen placentas were obtained from healthy full term parturients within 5 min after vaginal or cesarean section delivery. The dual perfused human placental model was made. The placentas were randomly divided into three groups of 6 placentas : (A) control group in which 100% fresh frozen plasma was used in both maternal and fetal circulation with pH maintained at 7.4 on both sides; (B) fetal academia group in which 100% fresh frozen plasma was used in both circulations but fetal pH was reduced to 7.0; (C) maternal hypoproteinemia group in which 50% fresh frozen plasma used in maternal circulation and 100% fresh frozen plasma in fetal circulation, pH was maintained at 7.4 on both sides. Samples were taken from the perfusate in the reservoir at 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 min after ropivacaine (2?g?ml-1) and antipyrine (10 ?g?ml-1 ) were added in maternal circulation for determination of concentrations of ropivacaine, antipyrine, glucose and lactate. Glucose consumption rate, lactate generation rate and relative and absolute transfer ratio of ropivacaine were calculated. Results Absolute transfer ratio of ropivacaine was gradually increasing with perfusion time, reaching 8.7?1.0% (A) , 10.5 ?1.6% (B) and 11.8?1.1% respectively at 120 min. Relative transfer ratio of ropivacaine was relatively constant during 120 min perfusion and was significantly higher at each time point in group B and C than in group A ( P

Objective:To study the chemical constituents in the seed of Cassia leschenaultiana.Methods: The compounds were separated and purified by column chromatography , thin-layer chromatography and recrystallization .The structures were identified by the physicoche mical identification and spectral analysis .Results:Seven compounds were isolated from the seeds of Cassia leschenaultiana and identified as 1-desmethylchryso-obtusin (Ⅰ) , aurantio-obtusin (Ⅱ) , ale-emodin (Ⅲ) , obtusin (Ⅳ) , chryso-obtusin (Ⅴ) , ob-tusifoline(Ⅵ)and aurantio-obtusin(Ⅶ).Conclusion:All of the compounds are isolated from the seeds of Cassia leschenaultiana for the first time.

In this article, we observed the serum level of Prolactin and the intensity of renal insufficiency in 40 patients with renal failure and compared their relationship. Our study showed that the serum level of Prolactin in patients with renal failure was much higher than that of normal controls (P