Objective To acknowledge the present status of clinical use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) in China. Methods Five hundred and seventy-five valid questionnaires were collected from 50 hospitals in different areas of China including Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Shenyang and Guangzhou. Results 54.7% of doctors used cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitors. The ratio of the doctors prescribing loxoprofen, diclofenac, meloxicam were 22.6%, 23.3%, 14.60%, respectively. The ratio of the doctors who prescribe uncoated routine-dose aspirin, uncoated low-dose aspirin, enteric-coated routine-dose aspirin, enteric-coated low-dose aspirin and others were 17.0%, 14.7%, 36.8%, 28.5% and 3.0%, respectively. The ratio of doctors who only "some-times" prescribed co-medicine to prevent gastrointestinal damages when they prescribed aspirin, conventional NSAID and COX-2 selective inhibitors were 41.10%, 40.70% and 45.1%, respectively, while the most commomly used co-medicine were H2 receptor antagonist (H2 RA) and proton pump inhibitor respectively. 37.1% of doctors examined H. pylori infection status, and 76.3% of doctors would eradicate H. pylori if positive. Conclusions The most commonly used conventional NSAID is diclofe-nac. The most commonly used formulation of aspirin is enteric-coated aspirin. Most doctors only "sometimes" prescribe co-medicine together with aspirin, conventional NSAID and COX-2 selective inhibitors to prevent gastrointestinal damages, and the most commonly used co-medicine is acid inhibitor. Only a few doctors examine H. pylori infection prior to the administration of NSAID.

Objective To observe the effect of Vitamin E on advanced glycosylation end-products(AGEs) and their receptors in renal tissue of diabetic rats.Methods Rat diabetic nephropathy was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ.Rats were allocated to normal control group(NC group),diabetes mellitus group(DM group),and Vitamin E group(VE group).All rats were treated with corresponding drugs for 8 weeks.During and after the treatment,the general state,blood glucose level(BGL),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine(Scr),urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1C),clearance rate of creatinine(Ccr) and kidney weight/body weight ratio were determined in different groups.The fluorescence microscope was used to observe advanced glycosylation end-products fluorescence intensity in iced slices.The expression of RAGE in rats' renal tissue slices was measured by immunohistochemistry.Results ① Compared with those in NC group,GLU,HbA1C,BUN,UAER,kidney weight/body weight ratio,contents of AGEs,and RAGE increased significantly(P

Objective To explore the effects of inflammatory mediator blocker AG490 on neurological deficits,apoptosis and expression of caspase-3 following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) in rats.Methods The male SD rats were randomly divided into the groups sham-operation,I/R,saline and AG490;and the focal cerebral I/R models were made by middle cerebral artery thread embolism method.AG490(1 mg/kg) was intraperitoneal injection in AG490 group immediate and 12 h after ischemia-reperfusion respectively.The neurological deficits score was evaluated in 24 h after I/R in each group.The number of apoptosis in cerebral tissue was examined by d-utp nick end labeling staining(TUNEL).The expression of P-JAK2,P-STAT3,caspase-3 were detected by Western Blot.Results Compared with the groups I/R and saline,the neurological deficits score in AG490 group was significantly decreased(all P

Objective To study the transfer of ropivacaine across the single cotyledon of the term human placenta and the effects of maternal hypoproteinemia and fetal acidemia on the transfer. Methods Eighteen placentas were obtained from healthy full term parturients within 5 min after vaginal or cesarean section delivery. The dual perfused human placental model was made. The placentas were randomly divided into three groups of 6 placentas : (A) control group in which 100% fresh frozen plasma was used in both maternal and fetal circulation with pH maintained at 7.4 on both sides; (B) fetal academia group in which 100% fresh frozen plasma was used in both circulations but fetal pH was reduced to 7.0; (C) maternal hypoproteinemia group in which 50% fresh frozen plasma used in maternal circulation and 100% fresh frozen plasma in fetal circulation, pH was maintained at 7.4 on both sides. Samples were taken from the perfusate in the reservoir at 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 min after ropivacaine (2?g?ml-1) and antipyrine (10 ?g?ml-1 ) were added in maternal circulation for determination of concentrations of ropivacaine, antipyrine, glucose and lactate. Glucose consumption rate, lactate generation rate and relative and absolute transfer ratio of ropivacaine were calculated. Results Absolute transfer ratio of ropivacaine was gradually increasing with perfusion time, reaching 8.7?1.0% (A) , 10.5 ?1.6% (B) and 11.8?1.1% respectively at 120 min. Relative transfer ratio of ropivacaine was relatively constant during 120 min perfusion and was significantly higher at each time point in group B and C than in group A ( P

Phospholipase A_2 (PLA_2) inhibitor quinacrine was used to explore protective effect on multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) caused by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Gut I/R caused the increase of gut PLA_2 activity and induced endotoxemia and bacteriemia. Pretreatment with intravenous quinacrine 10mg?kg~(-1) attenuated bacteria and endotoxin translocation,markedly lowered the levels of thromboxane A_2 and prostacyclin I_2 in blood,and provided protection from the development of vital organs dysfunction. As a result,the survival rate in pretreatment group increased by 25%. The results demonstrate that gut I/R promotes gut barrier failure,then contributes to the development of MOD by allowing bacteria or endotoxin reaching the circulation. PLA_2 and PLA_2-dependent lipid mediators play an important role in the development of gut I/R injury and MOD. Intravenous quinacrine has protection against MOD resulting from gut I/R.

Objective: We investigated experimentally the changes of intestinal immunity following shock and resuscitation after trauma. Method:The experimental model was made in rats, which underwent laparotomy, then bleeding and reinfusing through the right fetmoral artery. Result: The concentration of IgA following shock and resuscitation were significantly higher than that before shock.. The concentration of IgA 24 h following resuscitation was the lowest, and was significantly lower than that at the end of shock.. The endotoxin in portal vein following shock and resuscitation were higher than that before shock.. The endotoxin level 24 h following resuscitation was the highest, and markedly higher than that at the end of shock. Conclusion: The traumatic shock and resuscitation are capable of causing intestinal immunosuppression and endotoxemia.

Objective: To investigate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on oxygen free radicals induced myocardial injury. Method: An in vivo myocardial impairment model was developed in SD rat with exogenous oxygen free radicals. The changes cardiac performance and serum malonylaldehyde (MDA), lactic acid, cretine phosphokinase (CK) levels were tested before and at different interval after I. V. administration of oxygen free redieal. Result: Myocardial performance after oxygen free radicals administration was significantly depressed compared to the baseline values (P

0.05 ),the O- 2 production increased significantly (P

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of PTX on the global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injuryMethods The global cerebral ischemia of gerbils was induced by clamping bilateral carotid arteries for 30 min , then declamping with the reperfusion lasting 90 min At the beginning of ischemia , PTX 25mg?kg -1 or 50mg?kg -1 was administered intravenously by mini infusion pump In another group , PTX 25mg?kg -1 was infused at the beginning of reperfusion In sham operated and control groups the same volume of 0 9% NaCl were infused 0 2% Even's blue 1ml?100g -1 was injected intraperitoneally At the end of experiment , The gerbils were decapitated to be preserved at -70℃ for measurement of water contents of whole hemispheres , cerebral superoxide dimutase (SOD) activity, malonyldialdehyde (MDA) content and Even's blue content Results As compared with those in control group, at the beginning of ischemia or reperfusion ,the administration with PTX 25mg?kg -1 significantly reduced the cerebral water content (P