Objective To select optimum water extraction process of SuXingErChen Syrup by orthogonal test and multivariate nonlinear regression analysis.Methods Naringin was extracted by water, Used the naringin content and extraction rate of extractum as indexes.Based on the orthogonal test and multivariate nonlinear regression analysis to make sure the best way for extracting naringin from SuXingErChen Syrup.Results The optimal conditions of water extraction process was that the herbs were added seven times the amount of water without infiltration,extracted two times with 80 min each time,which was selected by multivariate nonlinear regression analysis.Conclusion The process of water extraction for the preferred Su XingErChen Syrup is exact, high effective and suitable for production needs.

Objective To investigate the effects of siRNA silencing enhancer of zeste homolo 2 (EZH2) on invasion and migration of cervical cancer cells and the molecular mechanisms.Methods The small interfering RNAs (siRNA) targeting EZH2 were transiently transfected into C33A cell line by lipofectamin2000.The effects of EZH2 on cell invasion and migration were detected by wound-healing assay, Transwell assay and soft agar colony assay.The expression of MMP2 was detected by Western blot.Results Downregulation of EZH2 expression by siRNA in C33A cell line significantly inhibited cell invasion and migration in vitro.Meanwhile, siRNA-mediated depletion of EZH2 reduced the expression of MMP2.Conclusion Knocking down EZH2 expression by siRNA could surpress invasion and migration of human cervical cancer cells, which might be related to downregulating MMP2 expression.

To explore the dual regulatory effects of Shuanghuang Shengbai Granule, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on cell cycle in Lewis-bearing mice with chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression.

Objective:To compare the amino acid sequences difference of HA,NA novel influenza virus A/H7N9 isolates, decipher possible B cell epitopes and T cell epitopes of HA,NA protein,and analyze the association between susceptibility and HLA polymorphisms.Methods:The amino acid sequences of novel influenza A ( H7N9) virus were downloaded from Genbank.Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the amino acid sequences of HA and NA by using software Clustal X and MEGA 4.0.B cell and T cell epitopes were respectively predicted with Protean software and NetMHCⅡ2.2 Server online server.Results:The homology of HA and NA proteins of H7N9 virus was high.10 B cell epitopes and 15 T cell epitopes were randomly distributed throughout HA sequence and 12 B cell epitopes and 9 T cell epitopes were randomly distributed throughout NA sequence.HLA-DRB1*0701 allele which was commonly observed in Northern Chinese population have a high binding affinity for 9-mer peptides of HA and NA proteins.Conclusion:The prediction of B and T cell epitopes of HA and NA proteins with multiple methods benefits the research and development of vaccine against human infection with avian influenza A H7N9 virus.HLA-DRB1*0701 allele may contribute to susceptibility to novel influenza A (H7N9) virus.H7N9 influenza virus is more easily spread in Urumqi,Harbin,Shandong Province,Liaoning Province,Beijing, Shijiazhuang and Tianjin of China.

Objective To analyze the clinical data and TUBB4A mutation of hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum (HABC)in a family,thus to provide accurate genetic counseling and prenatal diagno-sis for this family with HABC,and also to provide clinical experience for the diagnosis of HABC in China.Methods The clinical data of the proband and her family members were collected at the Department of Pediatrics,Peking Univer-sity First Hospital,December 201 4,including medical history,physical signs,and brain MRI,biochemical tests and metabolic disease screening.The associated gene of hereditary leukoencephalopathy was screened for the proband and her family members were screened by targeting -high -throughput sequencing technology,and then the genetic varia-tions were verified by Sanger sequencing.With those detection methods,the gene mutation was confirmed,and then ge-netic features were analyzed.Results Clinical features were as follows:nystagmus as the first symptom,and motor and mental retardation,dystonia and ataxia followed.Brain MRI indicated hypomyelination of white matter and atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum.The clinical diagnosis of HABC was established based on the clinical features and brain MRI features above.Genetics features showed that one novel TUBB4A c.974G >T heterozygous missense muta-tion was found from the proband,which caused an amino acid change from the Trp into Leu (p.Trp325Leu).Both of her parents with normal phenotype were of wild -type in this site.Conclusions The proband from this family was diagnosed clinically based on her clinical data.One novel TUBB4Ac.974G > T (p.Trp325Leu)was founded in this study.Therefore,the spectrum of TUBB4A mutation will be expanded.In addition,this study elucidated clinical and genetic characteristics in this family with HABC,which may lay a solid foundation for the accurate genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.This study reported the first case of HABC caused by TUBB4A mutation in China.

Objective:To conjecture the correlation between fetal hydrothorax(FHT)and pregnancy outcome through the analysis of 95 fetuses with hydrothorax and their mothers.Methods:In this case series study, 95 FHT patients admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2016 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the pregnancy outcome, these patients were divided into the induced labor group (13 patients) and the delivery group (82 patients). General data and genetic examinations of patients in the induced labor group were analyzed to explore their pathogenesis and genetics.According to the neonatal Apgar score, patients in the delivery group were divided into the normal group and the asphyxia group.Fifteen indicators including the maternal age, gestational week at first diagnosis, maternal complications, FHT location, FHT severity, FHT outcome during pregnancy, fetal ascites, hydrops fetalis, other abnormal fetal structures, amniotic fluid volume, intrauterine treatment, gestational week of delivery, mode of delivery, sex of the newborn, and newborn birth weight in the 2 groups were comparatively analyzed by the chi-square test.With the neonatal Apgar score as the dependent variable, variables that had statistical significance during the univariate analysis were included in the regression analysis, and a multivariate binary Logistic regression equation was established to explore the factors affecting the pregnancy outcome.Results:There were significant differences in the FHT outcome during pregnancy (16/22/13 cases vs.2/18/11 cases, χ2=6.994, P=0.030), FHT severity (27/24 cases vs.9/22 cases, χ2=4.475, P=0.034), hydrops fetalis (14/37 cases vs.23/8 cases, χ2=17.012, P=0.001), amniotic fluid volume (21/30 cases vs.24/7 cases, χ2=10.228, P=0.001), intrauterine treatment (19/32 cases vs.2/29 cases, χ2=9.603, P=0.002), gestational week of delivery[(38.15±2.05) weeks vs.(34.83±3.14) weeks, t=5.748, P=0.001], and newborn birth weight[(3 325.00±637.41) g vs.(2 714.58±837.99) g, t=3.727, P=0.001]between the normal and asphyxia groups(all P<0.05). Among them, hydrops fetalis ( OR=7.070, P=0.020) and severe FHT ( OR=6.927, P=0.043) were risk factors for neonatal Apgar scores.Intrauterine treatment ( OR=0.062, P=0.027) and gestational week of delivery( OR=0.577, P=0.022) could be used as a protective factor for neonatal Apgar scores. Conclusions:Diagnosis of FHT during the early gestational weeks and multiple fetal structural abnormalities, especially hydrops fetalis, have higher probabilities of abnormal genetic examinations, and the fetal prognosis was poor.It is recommended to carry out chromosomal karyo type and microarray tests, as well as whole exome sequencing and detection of genetic syndromes(if necessary), to avoid unnecessary fetal treatment and improve the survival rate of perinatal infants after intrauterine treatment.The poor prognosis is related to hydrops fetalis and severe FHT; however, timely intrauterine treatment and prolonging pregnancy can improve the pregnancy outcome and increase the survival rate of perinatal infants.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the automatic cystocele severity grading software for quantitative evaluation of prolapse of bladder posterior wall by transperineal ultrasound . Methods One hundred and seventy transperineal ultrasound video clips were recorded when the female patients performing the Valsalva maneuver and those clips were divided into training group ( 85 cases) and test group ( 85 cases) randomly ,then the ralated structures of the images from the training group offline were marked . Through machine learning algorithm ,the computer had learned and was able to analyzed the marking information ,then the automatic cystocele severity grading software was obtained . And later the software was ran to mark the structures and get the cystocele severity grading in the images from the test group . Meanwhile , the same structures of the same images manually were marked and after an interval of more than two weeks the process were repeated by 3 doctors . Finally the grading results obtained from the software and the measurers of the 3 doctors were compared . Results The intelligent identification and automatic measurement software obtained from the machine learning algorithm was able to identify the related structures . The grading results of each measurer were of good consistency ( κ :0 .72 －0 .78 ;ICC :0 .980－0 .990) . The grading results between different measurers were of good consistency ( κ :0 .65－0 .75 ;ICC :0 .985－0 .992) . The grading results between automatic software and three different measurers were of good consistency ( κ :0 .63－0 .67 ;ICC :0 .967－0 .969 ; r ＝0 .936 ,0 .943 ,0 .936 ,all P ＜0 .01) . Conclusions The automatic cystocele severity grading software is able to identify the related structures in the images and reliable to apply the software in pelvic floor ultrasound .

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of syphilis in Jiading District of Shanghai from 2014 to 2018, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of future syphilis prevention and control work. Methods According to the date of onset, all syphilis cases in the infectious disease report information management system from 2014 to 2018, and their epidemic characteristics were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods. Results A total of 2 992 cases of syphilis were reported in Jiading District from 2014 to 2018, with an average annual incidence of 38.89/100 000. The overall incidence showed a downward trend year by year. Recessive syphilis was the main cause, and the incidence increased year by year. Fetal syphilis was relatively small and the incidence decreased year by year. The composition ratios of recessive syphilis, primary syphilis, secondary syphilis, and tertiary syphilis in different years were significantly different, and the differences were statistically significant (χ²=26.955, P<0.05). The peak time of syphilis was from March to June. The reported cases were mainly registered population, with a male to female ratio of 1.04:1. There were significant gender differences in the reported incidence of syphilis in each period in different years, and the gender difference between primary syphilis and secondary syphilis was statistically significant (χ²=17.793, P=0.001<0.05; χ²=12.701, P=0.013<0.05). There was no significant difference in gender between recessive syphilis, tertiary syphilis, and fetal syphilis (P>0.05). 20~39 years old had the highest incidence rate of syphilis. The areas with high incidence were mainly concentrated in the old urban area of Jiading Center and areas with high population density. The occupational distribution was mainly concentrated in young and middle-aged household workers and unemployed people, workers and elderly retirees. Conclusion In recent years, the syphilis epidemic in Jiading District of Shanghai has shown a downward trend. However, the situation of prevention and control was still severe. It is necessary to continue to improve the level of syphilis detection, and to detect and treat syphilis early. Meanwhile, it is important to strengthen publicity and education in key areas and key populations, and increase awareness of disease prevention to reduce the incidence of syphilis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the level of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in whole blood among general population from 8 provinces in China, and to analyze the characteristics of distribution among different regions.

METHODSThis cross-sectional study was performed in 8 provinces from eastern, middle and western China between 2009 and 2010, including 13 110 subjects from 24 regions, and the blood and urine samples were collected. The ICP-MS was applied to test the content of ICP-MS in blood samples, and the results were used to analyze the characteristics of contents and distributions of Zn and Cu among population from different ages, genders and regions groups.

RESULTSTotally, the mean (95%CI) contents of Cu and Zn in blood were 795 (791-799)µg/L and 3 996(3 976-4 015) µg/L, respectively. The characteristics of distribution of Cu content were as followed, the content of males were lower than it of females (male:767 µg/L; female: 822 µg/L, t = -13.302, P < 0.01). The contents of blood Cu in groups of people aging 6-12, 13-16, 17-20, 21-30, 31-45 and 46-60 years old were separately 860(853-868), 758(748-769), 734(728-734), 782(774-790), 811(795-827) and 820(815-826) µg/L. The differences showed statistical significance (F = 78.77, P < 0.01). The blood Cu content of people in eastern China (800µg/L) were also significantly higher than it in middle (774 µg/L)and western China (782 µg/L) (F = 10.94, P < 0.01). Distribution of blood Zn content showed characteristics as follows: the Zn content was higher in males than in females (male 4 085 µg/L and female 3 908 µg/L, t = 8.78, P < 0.01). The contents of blood Zn in groups of people aging 6-12, 13-16, 17-20, 21-30, 31-45 and 46-60 years old were separately 3 306 (3 261-3 350), 3 888 (3 839-3 937), 3 948 (3 902-3 994), 4 272(4 228-4 315), 4 231(4 180-4 281) and 4 250 (4 205-4 294)µg/L, which showed significant statistical differences (F = 233.68, P < 0.01). The blood Zn content of people in eastern China (3 938 µg/L) were significantly lower than it in middle (4 237 µg/L)and western China (4 105 µg/L) (F = 53.16, P < 0.01). In addition, the study also compared the relation between content of Cu and Zn and the frequency of eating seafood. The results found that the frequency of eating seafood could influence the content of Cu and Zn (Cu: F = 13.54, P < 0.01; Zn: F = 200.20, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe contents and distributions of Cu and Zn in blood differs among people from different groups in ages, genders and regions. The baseline data of this study provided reliable scientific evidence for further research.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Copper ; blood ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Zinc ; blood

OBJECTIVETo assess the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons monohydroxy metabolites in urine of general population in China among 8 provinces, provide the baseline of the metabolites in the general population.

METHODSFrom 2009 to 2010, 18 120 subjects of general population aged 6-60 years old were recruited from 24 areas among 8 provinces in east, west and central areas of China mainland by cluster random sampling. The information of the living environment and health condition were collected by questionnaire and spot urine samples were collected, 4 680 urine samples were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, and monohydroxy metabolites distribution in urine among groups of gender and ages were analysed.

RESULTSGeometric means (GM) of 2-naphthol, 1-naphthol, 3-phenanthrol and 1-hydroxypyrene concentration in urine (95%CI) were 1.85 (1.75-1.95), 1.55 (1.50-1.61), 0.57 (0.54-0.59) and 0.82 (0.78-0.85) µg/L, respectively;and median are 2.44, <0.50, 0.72 and 0.90 µg/L, respectively. The concentration between male and female were significantly different (P < 0.01), and the concentration among the groups of population were significantly different (P < 0.01), the GM of 2-naphthol among the groups of population aged 6-12, 13-16, 17-20, 21-30, 31-45 and 46-60 years old were 1.60, 1.56, 1.69, 2.23, 1.91 and 1.86 µg/L (χ(2) = 17.90, P < 0.01), the GM of 1-naphthol in the groups were 1.30, 1.16, 1.53, 1.68, 1.80 and 1.52 µg/L (χ(2) = 76.22, P < 0.01), the GM of 3-phenanthrol in the groups were 0.78, 0.76, 0.55, 0.42, 0.50 and 0.99 µg/L (χ(2) = 66.48, P < 0.01), the GM of 1-hydroxypyrene in the groups were 0.77,0.64, 1.00, 0.84, 0.84 and 0.57 µg/L (χ(2) = 51.48, P < 0.01), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe distribution of monohydroxy metabolites levels in urine of general population were different, it provided a basic data for the further study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons biomonitoring in the population.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Naphthols ; urine ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ; urine ; Pyrenes ; urine ; Sentinel Surveillance ; Young Adult