Objective To study and compare the metabolism of Chrysanthemum morifolium extracts(CME) in vitro intestinal flora from human,rat,Beagle dog,and rabbit.Methods Intestinal flora of human,rat,Beagle dog,and rabbit and CME were anaerobically cultured at 37 ℃ in vitro. After being extracted by acetic ether,the main metabolites of CME were separated and quantified by HPLC.Results In vitro,CME was easily metabolized by the intestinal flora and the main metabolites in incubation medium were determined in high concentration after 0.5 h.By LC-MS,luteolin and apigenin were identified,respectively;both metabolites were degraded with prolongation of incubation time and the concentrations of luteolin and apigenin were low after 24 h;moreover,CME was quickly metabolized by human,rat,Beagle dog intestinal flora,and gently by rabbit intesinal flora.Conclusion In vitro,CME is easily metabolized by intestinal flora human,rat,Beagle dog,and rabbit and the main metabolites are luteolin and apigenin.

The study is to investigate the relationship between dyslipidemia and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Ninety elderly nondiabetic patients (60 -84 years old) were under long-term follow-up in outpatient department. Blood lipid measurement and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTr) were performed,the two-hour glucose levels (2 hPBG) between normal and abnormal blood lipid groups were compared. We found that patients with hypertriglyceridemia had a significantly higher 2 hPBG than patients with normal blood triglyceride(P＜0. 01 ). But there were no differences in 2 hPBG levels between other dyslipidemias and normal lipid patients. OGTT screening in elderly patients with hypertriglyceridemia can be helpful in early detection and prevention of diabetes.

OBJECTIVE To compare sensitivity in typeⅠ hypersensitivity between BN and Wistar rats, and to establish a sensitive and reliable determination system for typeⅠ hypersensitivity. METHODS BN and Wistar rats were sc given ovalbumin (OVA) 10, 20 and 40 μg·kg~(-1) every other day for 5 times and normal control group with sc normal saline. The total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in serum were determined with ELISA and the specific IgE levels in serum were determined by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis on the 21st day from the 1st injection. The blood pressure, serum histamine and tryptase levels were determined after challenge on the 22nd day. RESULTSTotal IgE, specific IgE, histamine and tryptase levels in serum significantly increased and blood pressure decreased in OVA 10, 20 and 40 μg·kg~(-1) BN rat groups compared with normal control group, while in Wistar rats these symptoms only appeared in OVA 40 μg·kg~(-1) group. CONCLUSION BN rats are more sensitive than Wistar rats in typeⅠ hypersensitivity. The blood pressure, serum total IgE, specific IgE, histamine and tryptase levels can be used as the important indicators in typeⅠ hypersensitivity.

To establish single- and double-transfected transgenic cells stably expressing hMATE1, hMATE1 cDNA was cloned by RT-PCR from human cryopreserved kidney tissue, and subcloned into pcDNA3.1(+) plasmid by virtue of both HindIII and Kpn I restriction enzyme sites. Subsequently, the recombined pcDNA3.1(+)- hMATE1 plasmid was transfected into MDCK, MDCK-hOCT1 or MDCK-hOCT2 cells using Lipofectamine 2000 Reagent. After a 14-day-cultivation with hygromycin B at the concentration of 400 µg · mL(-1), all clones were screened with DAPI and MPP+ as substrates to identify the best candidate. The mRNA content of hMATE1, the cellular accumulation of metformin with or without cimetidine as inhibitor, or transportation of cimetidine was further valuated. The results showed that all of the three cell models over expressed hMATE1 mRNA. The cellular accumulation of metformin in MDCK-hMATE1 was 17.6 folds of the control cell, which was significantly inhibited by 100 µmol · L(-1) cimetidine. The transcellular transport parameter net efflux ratios of cimetidine across MDCK-hOCT1/hMATE1 and MDCK-hOCT2/hMATE1 monolayer were 17.5 and 3.65, respectively. In conclusion, cell models with good hMATE1 function have been established successfully, which can be applied to study the drug transport or drug-drug interaction involving hMATE1 alone or together with hOCT1/2 in vitro.

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristic of the prevalence of aasthma in children in China, and to provide clues for the prevention and treatment of asthma in China. Methods: A systematical literature retrieval on children asthma prevalence from CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP and PubMed databases was performed. Random effects model was used to calculate the combined prevalence of asthma and its 95% confidence interval (CI) with Stata 16.0 software, the subgroup analysis was conducted according to sex, age and region. Results: A total of 26 studies were included, including 213 729 children, 112 169 boys and 101 560 girls. Meta-analysis showed that the combined prevalence of asthma in children aged 14 and under in China was 3.3%(95%CI=2.7%-4.0%). The subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of asthma in boys was higher than that in girls(Q=11.42, P=0.01). The prevalence of asthma in preschool children aged 4-6 was higher than that in infants aged 0-3 and school children aged 7-14(Q=8.03, P=0.02). And there was no significant discrepancy of the asthma prevalence among children between the north and south(Q=0.72, P>0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of childhood asthma in China presented an increasing trend. Our findings underscore more efforts to control and prevent asthma among children.

Objective: To investigate the sleeping status of the first grade primary students aged 6-8 in Beijing, to investigate the association between maternal parenting stress and children s sleep, and to inform intervention of addressing sleep problems among children in Beijing. Methods: Online survey was conducted based on the child cohort study designed to study puberty, obesity, and cardiovascular risk (PROC). The Children s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and Parenting Stress Index Short Form (PSI-SF) were completed by parents, and 1 136 school aged children and their mothers were included as study participants. Logistic regression models were used to determine the association between maternal parenting stress and children s sleep. Results: The prevalence of sleep problems among first grade primary students was 78.52%. Among the children who received PSI-SF, the score of children with sleeping problems(86.66±17.31) was higher than that of the children with no sleeping problems(78.59±17.75)( t =6.42, P <0.01). After adjusting sociodemographic characteristics, multivariable logistic regression results showed children of mothers with parenting stress were more likely to have sleep problems ( OR =2.52, 95% CI =1.55-4.11, P <0.01). Taking 3 dimensions in PSI-SF as independent variables, the analysis indicated that compared with the children having mothers free from parental stress and difficult children, the children with mothers with parental stress were more likely to suffer from the sleeping problems( OR = 1.66 ,1.76, P <0.05). Conclusion Sleep problems are prevalent among first grade primary students, and it underscores providing psychological support to alleviate maternal parenting stress to address children s sleep problems.

Objective To explore the dynamic changes in brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentration and the diagnostic value of BNP for heart failure at different time points in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods AMI patients who were admitted in our department between January 1, 2016 and July 31, 2016 and underwent emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 12 h after onset were enrolled in this study. All the patients received bedside examinations of BNP concentration and clinical cardiac function within 1 h after PCI and at 12, 20, 24 and 48 h after the onset of AMI. According to the peak BNP concentration, the patients were divided into high peak BNP group (>400 pg/mL) and normal peak BNP group (≤400 pg/mL). Results Seventy patients were enrolled in the study. Within 48 h after AMI onset, BNP concentration variations followed a pattern of an initial increase till reaching the peak concentration at 20 to 24 h, with subsequent gradual decrease. BNP concentrations differed significantly among the indicated time points (χ2=141.7, P<0.05) except for those between 20 h and 24 h (χ2=0.173, P>0.05). Compared with those in normal peak BNP group, the patients in high peak BNP group had an older age, a lower BMI, a longer time to perfusion, and a higher likeliness of anterior myocardial infarction and pulmonary infection (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, BMI and anterior myocardial infarction were independently associated with the increase of peak BNP concentration. ROC curve analysis showed that BNP concentration within 1 h after emergency PCI was unable to diagnose heart failure at that time (P>0.05), while BNP concentrations at 12, 20, 24 and 48 h after AMI onset had significant diagnostic values for heart failure (P<0.05) with areas under ROC of 0.860, 0.786, 0.768 and 0.863, and optimal cutoff values of 156.5, 313.7, 240.9 and 285.9 pg/mL, respectively. Conclusions BNP concentration increases first and then decreases in the early phase of AMI, and the peak concentration occurs at 20-24 h after the onset. The diagnostic values of BNP concentrations at different time points also vary.

Objective To explore the dynamic changes in brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentration and the diagnostic value of BNP for heart failure at different time points in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods AMI patients who were admitted in our department between January 1, 2016 and July 31, 2016 and underwent emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 12 h after onset were enrolled in this study. All the patients received bedside examinations of BNP concentration and clinical cardiac function within 1 h after PCI and at 12, 20, 24 and 48 h after the onset of AMI. According to the peak BNP concentration, the patients were divided into high peak BNP group (>400 pg/mL) and normal peak BNP group (≤400 pg/mL). Results Seventy patients were enrolled in the study. Within 48 h after AMI onset, BNP concentration variations followed a pattern of an initial increase till reaching the peak concentration at 20 to 24 h, with subsequent gradual decrease. BNP concentrations differed significantly among the indicated time points (χ2=141.7, P<0.05) except for those between 20 h and 24 h (χ2=0.173, P>0.05). Compared with those in normal peak BNP group, the patients in high peak BNP group had an older age, a lower BMI, a longer time to perfusion, and a higher likeliness of anterior myocardial infarction and pulmonary infection (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, BMI and anterior myocardial infarction were independently associated with the increase of peak BNP concentration. ROC curve analysis showed that BNP concentration within 1 h after emergency PCI was unable to diagnose heart failure at that time (P>0.05), while BNP concentrations at 12, 20, 24 and 48 h after AMI onset had significant diagnostic values for heart failure (P<0.05) with areas under ROC of 0.860, 0.786, 0.768 and 0.863, and optimal cutoff values of 156.5, 313.7, 240.9 and 285.9 pg/mL, respectively. Conclusions BNP concentration increases first and then decreases in the early phase of AMI, and the peak concentration occurs at 20-24 h after the onset. The diagnostic values of BNP concentrations at different time points also vary.

Objective:To study the effects of Jianpi Bushen Jiedu Decoction on the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of nude mice with HCCLM3 subcutaneous transplanted tumor by regulating JAK2/STAT3 pathway.Methods:HCCLM3 subcutaneous transplanted tumor model was established in mice. After the successful modeling, 24 nude mice were divided into blank group, TCM group and combined group according to random number table method, with 8 mice in each group. Mice in the TCM group were given 0.68 mg/ml alcohol extract of Jianpi Bushen Jiedu Decoction for gavage, and the combined group were given sorafenib suspension plus alcohol extract of Jianpi Bushen Jiedu Decoction 3.5 mg/ml for gavage, once a day, for consecutive 4 weeks. The effects of Jianpi Bushen Jiedu Decoction on tumor volume, tumor weight of HCCLM3 subcutaneous transplanted tumor and mice body weight were observed; Western blot was used to detect the expressions of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin and JAK2/STAT3 pathway-related proteins in subcutaneous transplanted tumor tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma of mice in each group.Results:Compared with the control group, the average tumor weight of subcutaneous transplanted tumor decreased significantly in the TCM group and the combined group ( P<0.05), and the expressions of JAK2, STAT3, p-JAK2, p-STAT3, N-cadherin, and Vimentin decreased significantly in subcutaneous transplanted tumor tissue ( P<0.05), while E-cadherin increased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Jianpi Bushen Jiedu Decoction can inhibit the growth of subcutaneous transplanted tumor of hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. The mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway, thereby inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) for incomplete immune reconstruction in patients with HIV/AIDS.Methods:Eight electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the use of CHM for patients with HIV/AIDS with incomplete immune reconstruction.Outcomes included CD4+ cell count,quality of life,and adverse events/effects.The Cochrane Risk of Bias was employed to evaluate the methodological quality of the included RCTs.Results:We identified 13 eligible RCTs,with an overall high risk of bias,on 10 different CHMs.There was a significant increase in CD4+ cell count after the use of Jianpi Yiqi medicinal paste for 3 months;tripterygium glycosides tablets (TGTs) for 3 months (mean difference[MD]52.63 cells/μL,95％ confidence interval[CI,46.98,58.28]),6,9,and 12 months;Wenshen Jianpi granules for 6 months;Shenling Fuzheng capsules for 6 months (MD 49.53 cells/μL,95％ CI[8.45,90.61]) and 12 months;Aikeqing granules for 9 months (MD 61.51 cells/μL,95％ Cl[16.25,106.77]) and 12 months;Guipi decoction for 12 months;Mianyi No.2 granules (JT) for 12 and 18 months;and Chinese medicine granules for 18 months.The increase in the mean difference ofCD4+ cell count from 6 to 18 months was larger in Chinese medicine granules and Mianyi No.2 granules (JT).Guipi decoction and Jianpi Qushi decoction improved the Karnofsky score.Four RCTs reported the outcome of adverse events/effects,while four cases of minor adverse effects were reported in the TGTs group.Conclusion:Jianpi Yiqi medicinal paste,Wenshen Jianpi granules,Shenling Fuzheng capsules,Aikeqing granules,Guipi decoction,and TGTs may be effective in increasing CD4+ within 12 months,and Mianyi No.2 granules (JT) and Chinese medicine granules may show long-term effects.High-quality large RCTs on the effectiveness and safety of CHMs are still warranted.