Objective To find an easy and proper way to differentiate metastatic breast cancer from second primary breast cancer by analyzing the histopathological characteristics of 40 patients with bilateral breast cancer.Methods According to the Chaudary histological criteria,the histopathological and biological characteristics of 16 cases of synchronous bilateral breast cancer and 24 cases of metachronous bilateral breast cancer were evaluated.The histopathological and biological characteristics included Nottingham histological grade,immunohistochemistry (IHC) results of the estrogen receptor,progesterone receptor and expression of Her-2.Results The average age of the 40 patients at first diagnosis was 41 years old (range,26-68 years old).The average time interval between first and second diagnosis of tumors was 34 months (range,7-209 months) in metachronous cancer.The concordant histopathological type was found in 93.8 ％ (15/16) of synchronous cancer patients and 58.3 ％ (14/24) of metachronous cancer patients (P =0.02).The concordance rates of tumor stage was 68.8 ％ (11/16) in synchronous cancer patients,while it was 25.0 ％ (6/24) in metachronous cancer patients (P =0.03).For progesterone receptor status,the concordance rates were 87.5 ％ (14/16) and 54.2 ％ (13/24) in synchronous and metachronous cancer patients respectively (P =0.03).There was no statistically significant difference in terms of estrogen receptor status and Her-2 expression (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Without considering the limitation of Chaudary criteria and the number of patients,it seems to be an easy and proper way to differentiate metastatic cancer from second primary cancer in the patients with bilateral breast cancer by combining the histopathological type,tumor stage and progesterone receptor status.The synchronous cancer is closer to same clonal lesion (metastatic lesion).

Objective To observe and compare the curative effects of zoledronic acid (ZA) combined with radiotherapy and ZA combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of bone metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Seventy-eight patients with NSCLC bone metastasis treated by radiotherapy or chemotherapy were taken in our hospital from January 2010 to June 2014, including 39 cases of ZA combined conventional fractionation radiotherapy (radiotherapy combined group), and 39 cases of ZA combined with chemotherapy (paclitaxel liposome + cisplatin) (chemotherapy combined group). Each group had 39 cases. WHO objective evaluation standard, efficacy evalulation of solid tumor metastasis and curative effect standard grading of pain, anticancer agent toxicity classification standard, Karnofsky standard were used for evaluating and analyzing the patients with primary lung tumor, bone metastasis, degree of pain, adverse reactions and functional status (once before and after the treatment). Results The efficiency rate of primary lung tumor, the efficiency rate of bone metastasis, the total effective rate of pain relief and the improvement rate of functional status (Karnofsky score increased by 10 points or more)in the radiotherapy combined group and chemotherapy combined group were 82.05 % (32/39) vs. 79.49 % (31/39), 48.72 % (19/39) vs. 51.28 %(20/39), 82.05 % (32/39) vs. 84.62 % (33/39), 66.67 % (26/39) vs. 71.79 % (28/39) respectively, and the differences were not statistically significant (the values of x2 were 0.224, 0.237, 0.195, 0.259 respectively, all P> 0.05); Although the two groups showed low-grade fever, bone marrow suppression, esophagitis, liver and kidney damage, gastrointestinal reactions and other adverse reactions, the adverse reactions of two groups were close to [28.21 % (11/39) vs. 30.77 % (12/39)] (x2 = 0.314, P> 0.05). Fortunately, these reactions were controlled well after symptomatic treatment. Conclusion ZA combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy is a safe and effective way for bone metastasis of NSCLC, which should be taken based on the individual condition of the patients.

Objective To construct an eukaryotic expression vector of human telomerase reverso transcriptase (hTERT) gene specific shRNA, and investigate the effect of pshRNA-hTERT combined with γ-irradiation on telomerase activity and DNA damage. Methods The recombinant expression plasmid pshRNA-hTERT was constructed and transfected into Hep-2 cells. The telomerase activity was examined by the PCR-hased telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP). DNA single-stranded break (SSB) and the DNA double-stranded break (DSB) were detected by Comet assay. The xenograft model of human laryngeal carcinoma with the same genetic background and different radiosensitivity (Hep-2 and Hep-2R) was established in nude mice. The mixture of pshRNA-hTERT and liposome was injected to the transplanted tumor to observe the inhibition of the tumor growth. The cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL. The hTERT protein expression was determined by streptavidin-peroxidase conjugated method (AP). Results Recombinant expression plasmid pshRNA-hTERT was successfully constructed and transfected into Hep-2 cells. The hTERT expression inhibition rate reached 60.78 %. pshRNA-hTERT not only inhibited telomerase activity of Hep-2 inehiding the increase of telomerase activity induced by γ-irradiation, but also inhibited the repair of the SSB and DSB induced by irradiation in the human laryngeal carcinoma xenograft in nude mice with the same genetic background and different radiosensitivity. The pshRNA-hTERT combined with γ-irradiation could inhibit the growth of transplanted tumor (Hep-2: EPO = 1.79; Hep-2R: EPO = 2.01) with reduced telomerase activity and hTERT protein expression. Conclusions The eukaryotic expression vector pshRNA-hTERT could enhance the radiosensitivity of Hep-2 cells in vitro and the human laryngeal carcinoma xenograft in nude mice which had the same genetic background with different radiosensitivity.