Objective:To analysis and discussion the effects of undergraduate nursing students to improve results in digestive endoscopy nursing skills by using situational approach.Methods: One hundred undergraduate nursing students of 2010 session in our school were randomly divided into a control group and the experimental group, control group used to explain the observation approach, the experimental group to implement the simulation methodology in this basis, two months later, to evaluate the effect of the digestive endoscopy nursing skills for both two groups.Results: Post-intervention, control group of digestive endoscopy theoretical knowledge points, skills to operate were 81 points, 62 points; experimental group theoretical knowledge of digestive endoscopy division, operating skills were 91 points, 81 points, The experimental group was significantly better than the control group.Conclusion: The situational approach can effectively improve the nursing theoretical knowledge and skills for undergraduate nursing students in the process of digestive endoscopy nursing.

Of all 58 cases of knee osteoarthritis treated by acupuncture and moxibustion, 42 cases were recovered,(accounting for 72.5%), 14 cases were obviously improved (accounting for 24.1%), and 2 cases were ineffective (accounting for 3.4%). The total effective rate was 96.6%. This result demonstrated that acupuncture and moxibnstiou therapy has the good functions of dredging meridians and collaterals, activating qi and blood circulation, dispelling cold and dampness, and removing swollen to stop pain.

Objective To explore risk factors of neurosurgical patients in bed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and to compare the Autar Scale with the Caprini Scale for predicting DVT formation. Methods Retrospective analysis of DVT risk factors was conducted on sixty-eight cases neurosurgical patients in bed of three hospitals. In addition, used two kinds of risk assessment scales to assess patient′s level of DVT risk. Results Coma (OR=9.410,95%CI=1.689-52.423), paralysis (OR=4.950,95%CI=1.432-17.105) , infection (OR=2.927,95%CI=1.162-7.373), lower limb central venous catheterization (OR=6.072,95%CI=2.187-16.858) may be risk factors for DVT in neurosurgical patients in bed. The two risk assessment tools were used within 24 hours after admission (χ2=34.861) and within 24 hours after surgery (χ2=52.869) to predict differences in neurosurgical patients with thrombosis risk level, with statistical significance (P < 0.01). Conclusions Nurses should identify risk factors of DVT every day and take preventive measures early to reduce the risks. The Caprini Scale is better than the Autar Scale for predicting DVT formation.

Objective To investigate mental health and personality characteristics of supercargoes. Methods Catell 16 Personality Factor Test (16PF) and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) were used in 470 supercargoes for quantitative analysis. Pearson correlation analysis, multiple regressions and t test were used for data analysis. Results The participants showed a significantly lower score, although specific items were higher than normal models. There was no difference in different age groups. 16PF were positively correlated with total score of SCL-90, except for gregariousness, intelligence, ambition, fantasy,worldly-wisdom,creativity and independency. All factors in SCL-90 were significantly related with the subfactor (i. e. adaptation and anxiety) of 16PF. Conclusion The mental health of supercargoes may not be optimistic,and the personality problems may have some effects on their mental health.

OBJECTIVE:To provide a reference for setting codes in national New Rural Cooperative Medical System (NRC-MS) drug catalog. METHODS:Current conditions of drug catalog coding at home and abroad were introduced,the problems in the process of setting codes in national NRCMS drug catalog were analyzed and the countermeasures were put forward. RESULTS& CONCLUSIONS:Existing drug catalog codes mainly include those published by World Health Organization(WHO)in anatomi-cal,therapeutic and chemical classification system,and those in Chemical (Raw Material and Preparation) Classification and Code of China,Classification and Code of Drugs Covered by Social Insurance,meanwhile,the setting code method of relevant drugs can be also learnt from Chinese Pharmacopoeia and National Essential Drug List,etc. In setting codes in national NRCMS drug catalog,there were problems such as difficulty in classifying and mapping drug codes,insufficient authority of references for drug codes,too many reference standards for drug codes,and poor normalization of drug code extension. We should further refer to definitely authoritative standards for drug codes,establish appropriate rules on drug code integrated mapping,develop uniform and perfect drug code category set,and establish a system subject to continuous update and an effective evaluation mechanism,to solve the problems in the process of setting codes in national NRCMS drug catalog.

Objective To investigate the effects of propofol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced brain injury in rats.Methods Fifty-four pathogen-free SD rats of both sexes, aged 6 weeks, weighing 200-250 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (group C, n = 6) ; LPS group (group L, n = 24) ; propofol group (group P, n = 24) . Brain injury was produced by injection of LPS 1 mg/kg via the left internal carotid artery in L and P groups. Propofol 100 mg/kg was injected intraperitonealry immediately after the LPS administration in group P, while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead of propofol in group L. The equal volume of normal saline was given instead of LPS and propofol in group C. Six rats in each group were sacrificed and the brain tissues were immediately removed at 24 h after intraperitoneal administration in group C, and at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after intraperitoneal administration in L and P groups for determination of brain water content, high-mobility group box 1 ( HMGB1) expression and NF-κB activity, and microscopic examination. Results The brain water content and NF-kB activity were significantly increased, and HMGB1 expression was up-regulated in group L as compared to group C (P ＜ 0.05) . The brain water content, expression of HMGB1 and NF-kB activity were significantly lower in group P than in group L ( P ＜ 0.05) . The microscopic examination showed that brain injury was attenuated in group P compared with group L. The brain water content was positively correlated with the HMGB1 expression and NF- κB activity (r = 0.692 and 0.769 respectively, P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Propofol can reduce the LPS- induced brain injury by reducing inflammatory response of the brain tissues.

Objective To observe clinical therapeutic effect of treatment of knee joint-effusion with moxibustion plus auricular point sticking.Methods 35 cases(51 knees)of knee joint effusion were treated by moxibustion plus auricular points sticking for once daily.Results The total effective rate was 96.1%.Conclusion The treatment of moxibustion plus auricular point sticking has a definite therapeutic effect on knee joint-effusion with the function of reducing swelling and alleviating pain,being worthy of spread.

Objective To compare the result of T2/T3 transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder after segmental cystectomy, treated by postoperative radiation plus intravesical chemotherapy and postoperative intravesical chemotherapy alone.Methods From 1985 to Dec.1995 patients with T2/T3 TCC bladder cancer who had been treated by segmental cystectomy were eligible for this retrospective analysis. Fifty-eight patients received postoperative radiotherapy plus intravesical chemotherapy (RT+IVC) and 35 patients were given postoperative intravesical chemotherapy (IVC) with thio-TEPA or calmette-Gue'rin bacilli (BCG). For radiation,8 or 18 ?MV X-ray was given with total dose of 50-60 ?Gy. Vesicoclysis was performed on 50-60 mg thio-TEPA twice per week and 0.5 mg BCG per week.Results The 3-year local control rates of RT+IVC and IVC groups were 68.6% and 48.2% showing a difference statistically significant (? 2=4.08,P=0.044).The 3- and 5-year survival rates of RT+IVC and IVC groups were 70.7%,49.5% and 59.9%,35.7% ,showing no significant difference (? 2=1.77,P=0.184). Among the 5 year survivors of the RT+IVC patients, 78.6% had their bladder preserved. Though untoward radiation reactions were severer, they were tolerated well.Conclusions Combined radiation therapy plus intravesical chemotherapy is indicated for T2/T3 bladder cancer after segmental cystectomy. Multimodality therapy is more favored to improve both the local control and the possibility of preserving the bladder.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between carotid arteriosclerosis and ischemic cerebral vascular disorders (ICVD). Method We examined 126 ICVD patients and 126 non-ICVD patients in the alterations of carotid dimension and intramembrane morphology with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Results Carotid plaques to various extent were detected in 82 cases of ICVD patients and 38 cases of non-ICVD patients. The incidence of carotid plaques was 68.3% and 35.7%, respectively in these two groups of patients. Furthermore, patients either with age over 60 years, hypertension, or hyperlipemia were found to be more susceptible to carotid arteriosclerosis. Conclusion MRA is very useful to detect early-stage carotid arteriosclerosis, and the occurrence in the carotid arteriosclerosis is closely related to ICVD.

After the significance to asses the value of information resources in hospital library was elaborated, the methods to assess the value of information resources in hospital library were constructed by contingent valuation and investment return analysis in combination with the practical service in hospital library according to the analysis of the economic value assessment in domestic and foreign public libraries and academic libraries.