Objective:To analysis and discussion the effects of undergraduate nursing students to improve results in digestive endoscopy nursing skills by using situational approach.Methods: One hundred undergraduate nursing students of 2010 session in our school were randomly divided into a control group and the experimental group, control group used to explain the observation approach, the experimental group to implement the simulation methodology in this basis, two months later, to evaluate the effect of the digestive endoscopy nursing skills for both two groups.Results: Post-intervention, control group of digestive endoscopy theoretical knowledge points, skills to operate were 81 points, 62 points; experimental group theoretical knowledge of digestive endoscopy division, operating skills were 91 points, 81 points, The experimental group was significantly better than the control group.Conclusion: The situational approach can effectively improve the nursing theoretical knowledge and skills for undergraduate nursing students in the process of digestive endoscopy nursing.

Objective To explore risk factors of neurosurgical patients in bed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and to compare the Autar Scale with the Caprini Scale for predicting DVT formation. Methods Retrospective analysis of DVT risk factors was conducted on sixty-eight cases neurosurgical patients in bed of three hospitals. In addition, used two kinds of risk assessment scales to assess patient′s level of DVT risk. Results Coma (OR=9.410,95%CI=1.689-52.423), paralysis (OR=4.950,95%CI=1.432-17.105) , infection (OR=2.927,95%CI=1.162-7.373), lower limb central venous catheterization (OR=6.072,95%CI=2.187-16.858) may be risk factors for DVT in neurosurgical patients in bed. The two risk assessment tools were used within 24 hours after admission (χ2=34.861) and within 24 hours after surgery (χ2=52.869) to predict differences in neurosurgical patients with thrombosis risk level, with statistical significance (P < 0.01). Conclusions Nurses should identify risk factors of DVT every day and take preventive measures early to reduce the risks. The Caprini Scale is better than the Autar Scale for predicting DVT formation.

Objective To investigate mental health and personality characteristics of supercargoes. Methods Catell 16 Personality Factor Test (16PF) and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) were used in 470 supercargoes for quantitative analysis. Pearson correlation analysis, multiple regressions and t test were used for data analysis. Results The participants showed a significantly lower score, although specific items were higher than normal models. There was no difference in different age groups. 16PF were positively correlated with total score of SCL-90, except for gregariousness, intelligence, ambition, fantasy,worldly-wisdom,creativity and independency. All factors in SCL-90 were significantly related with the subfactor (i. e. adaptation and anxiety) of 16PF. Conclusion The mental health of supercargoes may not be optimistic,and the personality problems may have some effects on their mental health.

Of all 58 cases of knee osteoarthritis treated by acupuncture and moxibustion, 42 cases were recovered,(accounting for 72.5%), 14 cases were obviously improved (accounting for 24.1%), and 2 cases were ineffective (accounting for 3.4%). The total effective rate was 96.6%. This result demonstrated that acupuncture and moxibnstiou therapy has the good functions of dredging meridians and collaterals, activating qi and blood circulation, dispelling cold and dampness, and removing swollen to stop pain.

OBJECTIVE:To provide a reference for setting codes in national New Rural Cooperative Medical System (NRC-MS) drug catalog. METHODS:Current conditions of drug catalog coding at home and abroad were introduced,the problems in the process of setting codes in national NRCMS drug catalog were analyzed and the countermeasures were put forward. RESULTS& CONCLUSIONS:Existing drug catalog codes mainly include those published by World Health Organization(WHO)in anatomi-cal,therapeutic and chemical classification system,and those in Chemical (Raw Material and Preparation) Classification and Code of China,Classification and Code of Drugs Covered by Social Insurance,meanwhile,the setting code method of relevant drugs can be also learnt from Chinese Pharmacopoeia and National Essential Drug List,etc. In setting codes in national NRCMS drug catalog,there were problems such as difficulty in classifying and mapping drug codes,insufficient authority of references for drug codes,too many reference standards for drug codes,and poor normalization of drug code extension. We should further refer to definitely authoritative standards for drug codes,establish appropriate rules on drug code integrated mapping,develop uniform and perfect drug code category set,and establish a system subject to continuous update and an effective evaluation mechanism,to solve the problems in the process of setting codes in national NRCMS drug catalog.

Problem tracking method is used in dynamic and systematic tracking of the dual-signature on blood test tubes at wards of the hospital as carried out by the blood transfusion team.This practice is designed to routinely identify problems in implementation of blood transfusion safety regulations,develop and apply reform plans for overall improvement of the safety.

Objective To identify routine forensic samples by genotyping method for HLA - A locus. Method A two - step PCR - SSP method was established. The first step is amplification with a pair of primers specific for all HLA - A alleles, the second step is amplification with primers specific for HLA - A30, A31, A33 respectively, using the first step amplification product as template. Secondly amplified PCR products were genotyped by electro-phoresis. Results 100 blood stains with a serological typing result of HLA - A30, A31 and A33 were tested with this method. The discrepancy rate between serological and genetic typing was 29%. Seminal stains, salivary stains reserved for 2 years and blood stains reserved for 18 years in room temperature gave satisfactory results. Conclusions It is better to replace serological typing by genetic typing. A two - step PCR - SSP genotyping method can be applied to forensic samples.

Objective To study the genetic polymorphism and frequencies of 15 STR loci in 10071 unrelated individuals of Han nationality, which are compared with the data reported previously. Methods 15 STR loci were amplified in DNA samples from 10071 unrelated individuals in Guangdong Han population using PowerPlex~(TM) 16 system, which were genotyped with ABI 377 or 3100 Genetic Analyzer. Frequencies for 15 STR loci were obtained. Results Except D8S1179 locus, rare alleles were found in the other 14 STR loci. The number of rare alleles ranged froml to 7 in the 14 STR loci ,which increased up to 34 rare alleles, including D21 S11 (32.1 and 36.2), D18S51 (15.2 and 17.2), Penta E (15.2, 17.4, 18.4, 19.4, 26 and 27), D7S820 (9.2, 10.1, 11.1 and 15), Penta D (18, 19 and 20), TPOX (14) and FGA (13) which were detected the first time and D21S11 (30.3), D7S820(9.1 and 9.2) which were frequently seen in the population although infrequent in European population. Conclusion More rare alleles can be detected with genetic polymorphism data from a lager number of individuals and more credible frequencies of alleles be obtained.

The extended service in domestic and foreign medical libraries was summarized according to the trans-formation of medical library and the need of public health information followed by a description of some typical cases of extended service provided by MedlinePlus website , Disaster Medical Information Management Research Center , and patient libraries in order to provide the reference for domestic medical libraries to cary out their extended service .

After the significance to asses the value of information resources in hospital library was elaborated, the methods to assess the value of information resources in hospital library were constructed by contingent valuation and investment return analysis in combination with the practical service in hospital library according to the analysis of the economic value assessment in domestic and foreign public libraries and academic libraries.