Soluble ST2 (sST2) is a decoy receptor of IL-33 in blood.sST2and ST2L (receptor on cell membrane) seem to be markedly induced in mechanically overloaded cardiac myocytes,especially the expression of sST2.A large number of sST2 bind IL-33 thus subtracting IL-33 from the interaction with ST2L,potentially attenuating the cardioprotective effects of IL-33/ST2L pathway.Recently,sST2 has emerged as a novel for heart failure biomarker.Though sST2 was a less robust marker for the diagnosis of heart failure than NT-proBNP,it has been implicated in the prognostication of patients with acute dyspnea,acute or chronic heart failure and myocardial infarction,with particular value for mid-and long-term prognosis.However,further studies are needed in order to better point out the evidence for a routine use of sST2 evaluation in patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases.

AIM: To investigate the clinic efficacy and operation safety of improved small incision extracapsular cataract extraction in the sight-regaining program.
METHODS: Totally 82 cases ( 82 eyes ) included in the sight-regaining program of the cataract patients were underwent small incision extracapsular cataract extraction conbined with improved technology ( anterior capsule staining, continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, auxiliary incision ) , postoperative visual recovery and operative complications were observed.
RESULTS: Postoperative visual acuity: uncorrected visual acuity when out of hospital: ≥0. 3 were 67 cases (82%);1wk after dismissed from hospital:≥0. 3 were 76 cases (93%), admist which ≥0. 8 were 45 cases (55%). There is no serious complication such as posterior capsule rupture, zonular dialysis, etc. in the operation.CONCLUSION: Combined use of improved technology can increase operation safety of small incision extracapsular cataract extraction.

Objective To investigate the effect of high uric acid(HUA) on insulin sensitivity (IS) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and its mechanism. Methods 3T3-L1 adipocytes were pretreated with HUA with or without NAC,and then stimulated by insulin. The cell viability of 3T3-L1 adipocytes was detected by CCK-8 assay. The glucose consumption was measured by glucose oxidase method. The levels of phospho-IRS-1,phospho-Akt and GluT4 protein were tested by western blot. Results HUA could inhibit insulin-induced glucose consumption,phosphorylation of Akt (Thr308),dephosphorylation of IRS-1 (Ser307) and the GluT4 protein expression (P<0.05). All the above could be blocked by NAC(P<0.05). Conclusion HUA can inhibit inulin stimulated IRS-1/Akt signaling and GluT4 expression,and thus induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

With the development of natural products, the research activities on the solubilization methods of water-insoluble natural products have been carried out worldwide. Big molecular weight and poor solubility of most natural active ingredients lead to a very poor oral absorption and low bioavailability, which has extremely limited their development in pharmaceutical fields and clinical application. As a result, it is necessary to find out a suitable technique to improve the solubility and enhance the oral bioavailability of insoluble natural drugs. Based on the related references published in these years, this review introduced some new techniques to improve the solubility and bioavailability of natural drugs, including prodrugs, inclusion complex, solid dispersion, cocrystals, osmotic pump, liquisolid compacts, micronization, self-microemulsifying, nanosuspensions, lipsomes, polymeric micelles and so on, and summarized the theory, characteristics, application range, application examples, problems and development direction of each technique.
Administration, Oral ; Biological Availability ; Biological Products ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; trends ; Solubility ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; trends ; Water

Elsholtiza Bodinieri Vaniot has the food and medicinal value. The whole plant contains aromatic oils, flavonoids, triterpenoids, phenolic constituents, β-carotene, vitamin C and inorganic elements, and is characterized by antibacterial, antioxidant, hypolipidemic and other kinds of activity. However, few researches are on the extraction method and activity of the effective ingredient of Elsholtiza Bodinieri Vaniot. This article reviewed the chemical constituents of Elsholtiza Bodinieri Vaniot, with a purpose to provide references for further study and development.

Objective To investigate the association of human leukocytes antigen(HLA)-DR/DQ with oral lichen planus(OLP) in the area of Yangtze River Delta. Methods HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 genotyping of 44 unrelated OLP patients and 150 normal controls were performed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers(PCR-SSP) method.The data were compared between the OLP group and normal controls,and between different types of OLP patients. Results The frequency of HLA-DRB1*09 and HLA-DRB1*07 alleles were significantly higher in OLP group than those in normal controls(56.8% vs 31.3% and 27.3% vs 13.3%,P

Objective To investigate the histological changes of normal human skin after fixed irradiation with multiple-pulse fractional Er:YAG laser.Methods After hair removal,the upper arms of 7 healthy volunteers were consecutively irradiated with multiple-pulse fractional Er:YAG laser.Tissue samples were resected from the irradiated skin at 1,24,48,72 hours,on day 5,7,15,and 30 after the irradiation.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining and Masson staining were performed to observe the histological changes and collagen proliferation respectively.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of heat shock protein(HSP)70 and 47.Results The consecutive irradiation with multi-pulse fractional Er:YAG laser generated an array of tapering microscopic treatment zones(MTZs)of gasification and ablation in the upper arm skin.After the irradiation,inflammation developed in the microscopic lesions with the epithelization of epidermal cells within 7 days; local dermal collagen was renewed and remodelled during the 7th to 30th day.HSP70 expression peaked as early as 48 hours after the treatment and maintained until the 7th day,while the high expression of HSP47 persisted from the 15th to 30th day after irradiation.Conclusion The fixed,multiplepulse and fractional Er:YAG laser irradiation can reach the deep dermis,and induce the local proliferation of dermal collagen.

Objective To establish the reference range of serum human serum insulin levels in our laboratory and investigate measurement stability, Methods The automated Architect i2000 chemiluminescence immunoassay, calibrator and quality control materials were used to measure concentration of serum insulin. Totally 413 cases of healthy adults were enrolled. The physiologic characteristics and the influence of laboratory markers on insulin levels were analyzed. Then the reference range in our laboratory was established. The thermal stability of insulin at different temperatures was investigated. Results Within-run imprecision and between-day imprecision of the automated Architect i2000 insulin assay were 1.67% and 2. 6%, which indicated that this system had good analytical performance. The subjects were classified into 4 groups according to age range ( 10 years). There was no significant difference among four age groups (the median is 5. 6, 5.2, 5.3 and 5. 7 mU/L) (X<'2> = 1. 929,P >0.05). However, the insulin levels were higher in female ( median = 5.7 mU/L) than male ( median = 5.0 mU/L) ( Z = 3.696, P < 0.01 ). The reference range was established based on the 2. 5 and 97.5 percentile values. The reference range of insulin for female was 2. 6-11.8 mU/L and 2. 3-11.6 mU/L for men, which differed from that of other insulin assay. Insulin had a positive correlation with BMI (r =0. 115 ,P =0. 019) and triglyeeride (r =0.143 ,P = 0. 004), and a negative correlation with high density lipoprotein (r = -0.179, P = 0.000). Insulin was stable at 25 ℃ for at least 4 hours or 4 ℃ for 24 hours or could be extended to at least 7 days when stored at -20 ℃. Conclusion Gender is an important physiologic characteristic which has an impact on human serum insuhn level. Insulin reference range should be established according to gender. Insulin immunoreactivity was not very stable at different temperatures.

[Summary] Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy ocular damage involved in lacrimal, tear film, cornea, and conjunctiva which can lead to ocular discomfort and decreased visual.The mechanism of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy ocular surface damage and treatment is reviewed.

BACKGROUND: The full three-dimensional finite element model can not only establish a realistic three-dimensionalmodel, but also can simulate the osteotomy on the model. Analysis of biomechanics guides the clinical operation.OBJECTIVE: To establish a three-dimensional finite element model of ankylosing spondylitis kyphosis and provide an effective digital platform for further studies.METHODS: A 30-year-old male patient with ankylosing spondylitis kyphosis participated voluntarily in the current study. CTimages obtained from CT transverse scanning from C1 to the sacrococcyx were imported into Mimics 17.0 software toestablish a three-dimensional geometric model of the posterior spine. The geometric model was then imported into Studio Geomagic 2013 software. For the subsequent optimization of image processing, the posterior spine convex geometry wasestablished on the three-dimensional geometric model. We used Unigraphics NX 8.5 to establish the spinal kyphosis surfacemodel, then added modeling of calcification of the ligaments, partial resection of useless sacral bone, and finally, imported themodel into ANSYS 15.0 finite element analysis software, then added the ligaments and set the parameters of the material,generating a complete three-dimensional finite element model of ankylosing spondylitis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A three-dimensional finite element model of complete ankylosing spondylitis wassuccessfully established. Using the ten-node approach, we generated 398370 tetrahedral elements, and 668538 nodes.This will provide a reliable digital platform for the next step of biomechanical analysis.