Lactoferrin (Lf) is one of the food protein belonged to the innate immune system. Apart from its main biological function of binding and transport of iron ions, lactoferrin also has many other functions and properties such as antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, catalytic, anti-cancer, anti-allergic and radioprotecting. Lf is usually used as additives of food and cosmetics. The research of lactoferrin has been increasingly reported, and the application of lactoferrin as a drug carrier has drawn extensive attention over the recent year. In this paper, researches of lactoferrin as drug carriers are classified and summarized in brain targeting, liver tumor targeting, lung tumor targeting and oral delivery systems according to their different characteristics.
Administration, Oral ; Brain ; Drug Carriers ; Humans ; Lactoferrin ; chemistry ; Neoplasms

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of IFNα combined with mannan peptide in treatment of patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B ( CHB ). Methods Eighty HBeAg-positive CHB patients with HBV DNA quantity ranging from 10 to 10 eopies/mL were enrolled and randomized into the treatment group and the control group ( n = 40 for each ). Patients in treatment group were given daily subcutaneous injection of IFNα-2b 5,000,000 U for 52 weeks, and received mannan peptide 10 mg per intravenous injection or 2. 5 mg per intramuscular injection for a total of 2 to 3 treatment courses (12 weeks for each). The control group received only IFNα-2b treatment. Liver function, serum markers of hepatitis B, HBV DNA quantity and blood tests were performed before the treatment and at 2, 4, 8, 16, 26 and 52-week during the treatment; and the adverse effects were recorded. Results The rates for ALT normalization, negative HBsAg, negative HBeAg, HBeAg seroconversion and negative HBV DNA were 91. 8% , 17. 5% , 52. 5% , 27. 5 % and 47. 5% at 52nd week in the treatment group, while those in the control group were 80. 0% , 12. 5% , 30. 0% , 10. 0 % and 25. 0% , respectively. There were significant differences in HBeAg-negative, HBeAg-seroeonversion and HBV DNA-negative rates between two groups (χ2 = 4. 178, 4.021 and 4.381, P < 0. 05 ) , and these indexes in the treatment group were increased to 57. 5% , 30. 0% and 50. 0 respectively at 52nd week after drug withdraw. White blood cells began to be elevated at 4th week and were restored to the normal levels at 8th week in the treatment group, while the count in the control was lower than the normal value even at 52nd week of the treatment with the average of (3.45±1. 18)×109/L. Conclusion Alpha-interferon combined with mannan peptide therapy is effective for patients with HBeAg-positive CHB, which may restore the declined peripheral WBC counts induced by interferon and improve the compliance.

Adult ; Angiomyolipoma ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; metabolism ; Epithelioid Cells ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Melanoma-Specific Antigens ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Nephrectomy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Drug Industry ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Risk Factors ; Ventilation

Objective:To analyze the immunogenicity of the extracellular region of Δ42PD1.Methods: Six fragments ofΔ42PD1 extracellular region-encoding sequence were amplified by PCR, and were cloned into pCTCON2 vector, a yeast surface displaying vector.Yeast cells were transfected with Δ42PD1 fragment-carrying plasmids, then yeast cells were spread on SDCAA plates.Single cell clones were selected and cultured in SGCAA media to induce expression of the target genes.Mouse anti-humanΔ42PD1 anti-serum were generated by immunization of BALB/c mice via intramuscular injection ofΔ42PD1-carrying plasmid plus in-situ electroporation.The binding of anti-serum with yeast cells surface-displaying Δ42PD1 fragments were analyzed using flowcytometry.Results:Nucleotide sequences analysis indicated that the amplified six fragments ofΔ42PD1 sequence length were 110 bp,and the isolated sequence ofΔ42PD1 fragments were 100%homology with PD1 gene previously registered in GenBank.Results from flowcytometry showed that among the six fragments of Δ42PD1 displaying on the surface of yeast cells,F3 and F2 profoundly boundΔ42PD1-specific polyclonal antibodies.Conclusion:F3 and F2 ofΔ42PD1 is an immunogenic dominant region,which pave the way for generation of Δ42PD1-specific monoclonal antibody and epitope mapping.

To explore the expression of livin gene in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) cells and its clinical significance, the mRNA level of livin gene in 46 ANLL adult patients were measured by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Other 10 healthy adults were selected as normal controls (NC), HL-60 cell line was employed as positive control. The results showed that the mRNA level of livin gene in ANLL patients was significantly higher than that in NC, while it decreased in patients with complete remission (CR). In relapsed patients, the level of livin mRNA increased again. In ANLL patients, the CR rate of patients with livin positive was lower than that of patients with livin negative (p<0.05). It is concluded that overexpression of livin gene may play a synergic role in the pathogenesis of ANLL and associates with CR rate in ANLL. It seems that high expression of livin gene may be used as a marker of poor prognosis in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; genetics ; metabolism ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Accumulated data have suggested that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and corresponding receptor (VIPR) are involved in the development of hematopoietic stem cells and liver growth. In the present study, radioimmunoassay, biomolecular interaction analysis and reverse transcriptation polymerase chain reaction were used to quantify VIP, VIPR and detect the subtype of VIPR in rat liver during development. VIP concentration of liver in fetal or neonatal rats was significantly lower than that of teens or adult rats (P<0.05). The binding capacities of VIPR in liver of immature rats were much greater than that of the adult rats (P<0.05). The tendency of change in VIP concentration was contrary to that of the binding capacity of VIPR in the liver of rats during development. VIPR-1 was expressed in rat liver in all phases of development. These results may be of benefit to the understanding of the mechanisms of liver growth and fetal liver hemopoiesis shift.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Liver ; growth & development ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ; metabolism ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of stent implantation using a rapid artificial cardiac pacing technique on ostial lesions of left anterior descending artery (LAD).Methods From Jun 2008 to Nov 2010,38 patients with ostial lesions of LAD were recruited and randomly divided into two groups:patients with stent implantation using a rapid artificial cardiac pacing technique (pacing group,n =19 ) and patients with direct stent implantation (no-pacing group,n =19 ).Post-stenting examination was performed.Patients were followed-up for 9 months and coronary angiography was reviewed.The immediate success rate,major adverse cardiac events including death,reinfarction and target vessel revascularization,late lumen loss,sent thmmbosisin,rent-restenosis were compared between these two groups.Results There were no significant differences in the baseline values,disease characteristics and instant response to surgery between pacing and no-pacing groups(P ＞ 0.05 ).The time cost for stent placement was significantly shorter in the pacing group than that in the no-pacing group ( [ 16.5 ± 0.5 ] s vs.[46.6 ± 1.4 ] s,t =88.256,P =0.004 ).After surgery,there was no acute or subacute thrombosis,in-stent restenosis or occlusion for patients in the pacing group.In the no-pacing group,one patient developed acute thrombosis.The symptoms disappeared after thrombus aspiration and balloon dilatation by emergency percutaneous coronary intervention.Patients were followed up for 270 -275 days,and patients in the pacing group received post-stenting coronary angiography 9 months after stent implantation using a rapid artificial cardiac pacing technique,and no in-stent re-stenosis was found.During this period,nobody had adverse events such as death,myocardial infarction or target lesion revascularization,while five cases with in-stent restenosis (50％ -60％ )were found in the no-pacing group,without further target lesion reconstruction due to symptomless.Conclusion Compared with previous positioning technique,stent implantation using a rapid artificial cardiac pacing technique on treatment of ostial lesions of LAD is safer,and more effective.It is a favorable method for accurate positioning of bracket and can improve the prognosis,reduce the occurrence of acute thrombosis and in-stent restenosis.

0.05).In addition,in different medication intervals and the same total dosage(200 mg),there was no difference in the number of patients who reached ASAS20,ASAS50 anti BASDAI50 in both groups.The changes of other parameters were not observed.Conclusion Two dosages and different medication interval of rhTNFR-Fc have similiar efficacy onset time and maintenee period.Mean- while,at the same total dosage,there is no signifieant difference in therapeutic effect in the two dosage groups. However,50 mg(1/7 d)regimen has better compliance than 25 mg(1/3 d).

Objective To investigate the role of CD4~+CD25~+ Treg cells on the pathogenesis of ankylos- ing spondylitis(AS), and to study the machanism of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-?blocker on the treatment of AS by detecting the number of CD4~+D25~+ Treg cells before and after the treatment. Methods The diagno- sis of 10 AS patients was made based on the 1984 modified New York criteria. The patients received subcuta- neou injection of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor-Fc fusion protein(rhTNFR-Fc)(etaner- cept)50 mg weekly for 8 weeks and 10 heathy subjects were enrolled for control. The mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood in beth patients and controls. The number of CD4~+CD25~+ T cells and CD4~+ CD25~(high)T cells and the expression of CTLA-4. were detected by flow cytometry. Results The proportion of CD4~+CD25~+ T cells(24?19)% in total CD4~+ T lymphocytes of peripheral blood and CD4~+CD25~(high)T/CD4~+ T (6?6)% from AS patients before treated with rhTNFR-Fc was higher than that in healthy volunteers and AS patients after treatment(P