Objective To establish the method of determining the content of lead in Cynomorium Songaricum Rupr.by atomic fluorescen spectrometry.Method After digested by perchloric acid-nitric acid,atomic fluorescen spectrometry was used to determining the content of lead in Cynomorium Songaricum Rupr..Results When the concentration of trace lead was 0.00～10.00 ng/mL,it had linear relationship with fluorescence intensity.The linear function was Y =408.459 3X-72.159 5,and the linear correlation coefficient was 0.999 5.The relative standard deviation of six determination results of the samples was 2.8%.The recovery rate was 93.7%～96.0%.Conclusion The method is featured by easy operation,fast speed and good sensitivity.

OBJECTIVETo explore the expression patterns of the chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 in human sperm.

METHODSWe collected semen samples from 10 fertile men, performed density gradient centrifugation, and then determined the expressions of both CXCL12 and CXCR4 in the sperm by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining.

RESULTSRT-PCR revealed the mRNA expressions of CXCL12 (0.641 +/- 0.180) and CXCR4 (0.464 +/- 0.100) in the sperm. However, only CXCR4 rather than CXCL12 was expressed at the protein level, and the positive staining for CXCR4 was observed mainly in the posterior part of the acrosome.

CONCLUSIONCXCL12 and CXCR4 are involved as important molecules in regulating the function of human sperm.

Acrosome ; metabolism ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Receptors, CXCR4 ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spermatozoa ; metabolism

Many specific therapeutic antibody drugs have been developed for different indications. In drug development, it has been found that the antibody isotype framework can not only affect the physical and chemical properties of therapeutic antibodies, but also influence the activity and therapeutic effect. As a result, IgG isotype selection should be considered carefully in antibody drug development strategies. Because of the unique biological characteristics, IgG4 isotype has been used in some therapeutic antibodies for which effector functions are not desired. In order to provide new ideas for the development of antibody drugs, the research and application progress of IgG4 isotype in therapeutic antibody drug development has been reviewed.
Drug Design ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Biomarkers ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Protein Precursors ; Prothrombin ; Vitamin K Deficiency ; complications ; diagnosis ; Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding ; etiology ; pathology ; prevention & control

Objective To investigate the effects of a short hairpin RNA targeting epidermal growth factor recereceptor (EGFR-shRNA) on Colo-16 cell apoptosis and sensitivity to rapamycin. Methods The expression vector of EGFR-specific shRNA was constructed. Colo-16 cells were classified into 4 groups, normal control group remaining untreated, liposome group transfected with lipofectamine 2000, negative control group transfected with shRNA-NC/Iipofectamine 2000 and positive interference group transfected with the expression vector of shRNA-EGFR/Lipofectamine 2000. After additional culture, immunocytochemistry and Western blot were conducted to detect the protein expression of EGFR, and flow cytometry to measure the apoptosis in Colo-16cells. MTT assay was performed to measure the sensitivity of Colo-16 cells to rapamycin. Results Compared with the normal control group, the expression of EGFR was down-regulated by 43.3% in positive interference group (F= 44.6, P< 0.05), and the sensitivity to rapamycin was increased by 2.44 folds. The apoptosis rate in positive interference group was (12.65±0.091)%, significantly different from that in the normal control group (F = 2042.9, P < 0.05). Conclusion The plasmid expression vector containing shRNA targeting EGFR can effectively suppress the expression of EGFR by Colo-16 cells, enhance the sensitivity of Colo-16 cells to rapamycin and induce the apoptosis in Colo-16 cells.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the reproducibility of Gleason scores for prostate cancer.

METHODSBased on the revised Gleason Scoring System of the International Society of Urological Pathology ( ISUP) , we analyzed the reproducibility and difference of Gleason scores in 49 cases of prostate cancer using the methods of combination and grouping.

RESULTSThe total reproducibility of Gleason scores among 15 pathologists was good (κ = 0.642), 62.2% by the combination method, the highest in Gleason 5 + 5 (81.2%) and 5 +4 (73.3%), then in Gleason 4 + 4 (67.5%), 3 + 3 (64.0%), 4 +3 (61.3%), and 3 + 4 (44.0%), and the lowest in Gleason 4 + 5 (38.9%) and 3 + 5 (33.3%). The total reproducibility of Gleason scores by the grouping method was 71.4%, the highest in Gleason 9-10 (84.9%) , then in Gleason 7 (76.7%) and 6 (64.0%), and the lowest in Gleason 8 (60.7%).

CONCLUSIONThe reproducibility of Gleason scores remains to be further improved in prostate cancer, mainly concerning the understanding of Gleason 3 and 4 carcinoma.

Carcinoma ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Grading ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Reproducibility of Results

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of barium meal in gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD).Methods The data of patients who performed barium meal from January 2003 to December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed,and the GERD detection rate and its relationship with gender and age were calculated and compared.The degree and position of reflux during barium meal in 454 patients in 2012 and the relationship between age and degree and symptom of reflux were studied.Results The GERD detection rate was 13.48％(2 743/20 353) from January 2003 to December 2012,and increased by years.The GERD detection rate in male and female were 13.73％(1 312/9 554) and 13.25％(1 431/10 799) respectively,and there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).With the increase of age,the GERD detection rate increased aslo.In patients of age ≤30 years,31-60 years and ≥61 years,the GERD detection rate were 6.87％ (197/2 866),11.63％(1 096/9 421) and 17.98％(1 450/8 066) respectively,and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The mild reflux accounted for 242 cases,the moderate reflux accounted for 110 cases,and the severe reflux accounted for 102 cases in patients with GERD in 2012,and there was also an aggravating reflux degree with the increase of age.In patients ≤30 years,31-60 years and ≥61 years,the reflux degree were 10.26％(4/39),17.92％(38/212) and 29.56％(60/203) respectively (P ＜ 0.05).The position with left anterior oblique was most often,accounting for 95.37％(433/454).Conclusions Barium meal can be directly observed,and evaluate the degree of reflux and position.Barium meal is simple and intuitive,and can be used as one of GERD diagnostic methods.

3 d in 16)were converted to open surgery because of massive adhesion at the Calot's triangle(13 cases),severe wound hemorrhage(4),common bile duct stones(4),gallbladder-duodenum fistula(2),gallbladder-colon fistula(1),or Mirizzi syndrome(1).During the operation,no bile duct injury occurred.None of the patients had intra-abdominal haemorrhage,biliary leak,or subhepatic abscess after the operation.The 279 patients were followed up for 5 to 24 months with a mean of 12 months,during which no patients complained of abdominal pain or jaundice.Conclusions The success of LC depends on early treatment and strict selection of patients.Intraoperative hemorrhage and bile duct injury can be avoided by sufficiently exposing the Calot's triangle and using the technique of flush-suction blunt dissection.Conversion to open surgery is necessary when LC is difficult.

Objective To explore the value of blood lipid and CA125 in identification diagnosis between lung cancer and pulmo‐nary tuberculosis .Methods The blood lipid and serum CA125 levels in 131 patients with lung cancer( Ⅰ - Ⅳ stage) ,53 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 60 normal controls were determined by biochemstry ,immunoturbidimetry and electrochemilumi‐nescence immunoassay and was done compared study .Results The serum TC and HDL‐C level in 131 patients with lung cancer were decreased with severity and were lower than in those of in 53 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis(TC :P< 0 .05 ,< 0 .05 ,<0 .01 and < 0 .001 respectively ;HDL‐C :P< 0 .05 ,< 0 .05 ,< 0 .01 and < 0 .01 respectively) .The serum LDL‐C level was no differ‐ences between lung cancer( Ⅰ - Ⅲ stage) and in 53 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis(P> 0 .05) only the lung cancer( Ⅳ stage) was a little increased(P< 0 .05) .The serum TG and ApoB/ApoA1 ratio levels in 131 patients with lung cancer( Ⅰ - Ⅳ stage) were increased with severity and were significantly higher than in those of 53 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TG :P < 0 .05 ,< 0 .05 ,< 0 .01 and < 0 .01 respectively ;ApoB/ApoA1 :P< 0 .05 ,< 0 .05 ,< 0 .01 and < 0 .01 respectively) .The level of CA125 in 131 patients with lung cancer was significantly higher than in those 53 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis(P< 0 .001) .Conclusion The serum TC and HDL‐C ,TG ,ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and CA125 levels may be the indexs of identification diagnosis between lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis .

Objective To study the time of monoclonal immunoglobulinemia of undetermined significance (MIUS) transforming into multiple myeloma (MM),and the changes of immunoglobulin level and the clinical features.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in 22 patients with MM.According to the follow-up of immunoglobulin levels,patients were divided into formal and informal groups.The changes in immunoglobulin,serum calcium,hemoglobin and creatinine concentrations,and the time of MIUS transforming into MM were detected,and the impact of treatment on the prognosis was analyzed.Results The median age at diagnosis as MIUS was 69 years in formal group and 79 years in informal group.The median time for MIUS transforming into MM was 9.8 years in formal group and 1.3 years in informal group (P 0.006).The initial average concentration of immunoglobulin in patients with MIUS was 12.5 g/L (2.0-31.6 g/L) in informal group and 11.5 g/L (2.8-29.0 g/ L) in formal group (P＞0.05).There were no significant differences in levels changes of immunoglobulin,serum calcium,hemoglobin,creatinine index before and after the outcome.The transfer time for MIUS transforming into multiple myeloma was 9.8 years and 9.7 years,and the survival time was 13.6 years and 13.5 years in patients with versus without treatment (P＞ 0.05).Conclusions Regular formal follow up can accurately assess the transfer time for MIUS to MM,and the transfer time is longer in formal groups than in informal group.The changes in concentrations of immune globulin,serum calcium,hemoglobin,and creatinine cannot serve as indicators for outcome evaluation.Drug treatment neither delays the progress time of MIUS to MM nor reduces the complications of MM and nor prolongs the survival time.