Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations, endoscopic manifestations, histological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of the primary gastrointestinal melanoma in China. Methods The gender, age, position, endoscopic manifestations, histological characteristics, treatment, prognosis of the primary gastrointestinal melanoma were gathered and analyzed by reviewing retrospectively the data of 2 cases seen at our hospital and 449 cases searched in CNKI from 1983 to 2015. Results The primary gastrointestinal melanoma was mostly seen in the rectum and anus, and secondly in the esophagus. A typical endoscopic finding was a protuberant or nodular tumor, with erosion or dirty surface on it. Most lesions were friable and easily hemorrhagic. The maximum diameters of most lesions, accounted for 83.3 %, were larger than 2.0 cm. The average value of the maximum diameters was (4.79 ± 2.67) cm. Most cases presented brown or black, followed by hoar. However, some lesions presented various colors, such as blue, red, even co-exited color or achromatic color. Preoperative misdiagnosed rate was 73.64 % and 1-year mortality was 54.19 %. Negative correlation was observed between survival time and lesion size, infiltration depth. Positive correlation was observed between lesion size and metastasis infiltration depth. Survival time had nothing to do with metastasis and age. Conclusion The primary gastrointestinal melanoma was highly aggressive, and usually found in the terminal age, usually together with extensive metastasis, misdiagnosed and poor prognosis. Knowing the clinical features, endoscopic manifestations, histological and immunohistochemical characteristics is the key to early diagnosis.

Objective To evaluate the effect of exercise on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL).Methods A total of 1 114 participants were recruited from the Physical Examination Center of two hospitals.SF-36 was used to measure HRQOL,and the classification of sports level was done according to the subjective evaluation of participants.Results The total score of HRQOL,physical component summary and mental component summary were 76.26± 16.10,75.97 ± 16.67 and 76.55± 18.33 respectively.The results of correlation analysis were as following:the positive correlation between BMI and general health (r=0.109),vitality (r=0.116),social functioning (r=0.092),role emotional (r=0.122),mental health (r =0.145) were significant (P＜ 0.01).The negative correlation between BMI and PF(r=-0.07,P=0.019)was significant.The mediation effects of exercise in was relationship between BMI and general health,vitality,mental health were significant,and the mediating effect were 5.84％,9.14％ and 6.58％.Conclusion This study demonstrates that mediation effects of the exercise are significant in some dimensions of HRQOL,but the direct influence of BMI on the HRQOL plays a leading role.And BMI is a protective factor under certain conditions.

OBJECTIVETo study the adscription of plasma effective constituents of rat after oral administration of Gegen Qinlian decoction.

METHODThis study was performed by using HPLC-UV to identify the chemical constituents of rat plasma samples obtained after oral administration of the whole and individual herbs of Gegen Qinlian decoction. A reversed phase Globalsil C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was used. The mobile phase was composed of 20 mmol x L(-1) ammonium acetate (adjusted to pH 4. 5 by acetate acid) and acetonitrile with gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1) and the column maintained at room temperature. The detection wavelength was set at 270 nm.

RESULTThe chromatographic analysis of the rat plasma obtained after oral administration of Gegen Qinlian decoction showed 31 compounds, fifteen of which were the original constituents contained in Gegen Qinlian decoction, thirteen of which were metabolites, while the other three only existed after oral administration of the Decoction. By comparison of the retention times of the unknown peaks with that of standard compounds and, by spiking method with the standard compounds, five peaks were identified as puerarin, baicalin, berberine, jatrorrhizine and palmatine.

CONCLUSIONThis HPLC-UV method is simple and reliable in the analysis of the UV absorbing chemical constituents of rat plasma. The compounds absorbed into blood and its metabolites are the possible effective constituents of Gegen Qinlian decoction because they interact directly within the body. The results obtained in this investigation may provide useful information in the further understanding of the action mechanism of the individual and whole herbs in Gegen Qinlian decoction.

Objective HupA is one of the potential drugs which can be used to treat Alzheimer's disease(AD).The aim of this study was to explore the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of HupA in vivo by using 11C-HupA.Methods A total of 25 SD rats were studied.They were divided into 5 groups (5 rats in each group).All had intravenous injection of 22 MBq(in0.2 ml)11C-HupA through tail vein.Dynamic im-aging Was acquired from 5 to 90 minutes after injection.Venous blood and organ activities were collected at 5,15,30,60.and 90 minutes after injection.Percentage activity of injected dose per gram of tissue(%ID/g)was calculated to characterize the biodistribution of tracer in different brain regions: frontal,apical, temporal,occipital,cerebellum,hippocampus,striatum,thalamencephalon, and brain stem, Variance analysis using SPSS 11.5 software was performed and compared among the study groups.Results 11C-HupA was character-istic for its quick clearance from blood,with half time T1/2 of (14.61±1.77) min,and clearance rate (CL)macokinetics of 11C-HupA in rats corresponded to a one-compartment model.with an activity curve(area 11C-HupA distribution in different brain regions,being greater in cerebral cortex,hippocampus,hypothala-mus and brain stem. Conclusions Pharmacokinetic study of 11C-HupA in brain was fast.convenient and showed high specificity and sensitivity.Its ability to quantitatively evaluate brain function and its character-istic distribution in mice provided some evidence for monitoring therapy in AD patients.

Objective To explore the effects of folic acid and vitamin B12 supplement in maternal lactation on insulin resistance in fetal growth restriction (FGR) in rat offspring.Methods Eighteen Sprague-Dawley female rats and male rats were used.Pregnant rats were randomly divided into two groups at 12 days:normal-protein group (NP,n=6) and low-protein group (LP,n=12).The were 84 FGR newborn pups in LP group (93.3％,84/90).Forty-eight FGR newborn pups were randomly selected and divided into two groups (24 in each group):intervention group and non-intervention group.The intervention group was fed with high folate and vitamin B12 in the diet;and non-intervention group and NP group were fed normal diet.All of the newborn pups were weaned at 21 days after birth and then fed with normal diet.At days 21,60 and 120 d after birth,eight pups were randomly selected from each group and fasting plasma glucose (FPG),fasting insulin (FINS),blood diglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (TC) were measured.The insulin resistance index (IRI) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were calculated to evaluate insulin sensitivity.Variance and Student-Newman-Keuls tests were used for statistical analysis.Results (1) The incidence of FGR:Birth weight of LP offspring [(4.44±0.58) g] was significantly lower than that of NP ones [(7.03±0.56) g] (t=15.75,P ＜ 0.05).(2) FPG and FINS:at day 21 after birth,FPG of the non-intervention group,intervention group and NP group was (4.8±0.3),(4.8±0.4) and (4.6±0.3) mmol/L (F=0.57),respectively;FINS was (4.2± 0.2),(4.5 ±0.4) and (4.3 ±0.1) mU/L (F=0.31),respectively;and there was no significant difference among the three groups (both P ＞ 0.05).At day 60,FPG of the three groups was (7.5±0.4),(6.9± 1.0) and (5.5±0.6) mmol/L (F=17.14);FINS was (14.7± 1.9),(10.7± 1.0) and (9.2± 0.7) mU/L (F=38.34),respectively.At day 120,FPG was (8.9±0.9),(8.0±0.8) and (6.4±0.7) mmol/L (F=21.60);FINS was (56.3±2.8),(38.2±2.5) and (33.1 ±2.8) mU/L (F=164.46).FPG and FINS were highest in the non-intervention group,and lowest in NP group,with significant differences among the three groups of pups (all P ＜ 0.05).(3) IRI and ISI:at day 21,IRI of the non-intervention group,intervention group and the control group was 0.9±0.1,0.9±0.1 and 0.9±0.2 (F=0.49);ISI was-(3.0±0.7),-(3.0±0.1) and-(3.0±0.3) (F=0.69);and there was no significant difference among the three groups (both P ＞ 0.05).At day 60,IRI of the three groups was 4.9±0.8,3.3±0.3 and 2.2±0.3 (F=49.48);ISI was-(4.7±0.2),-(4.3±0.1) and-(3.9±0.1) (F=63.47).At day 120,IRI of the three groups was 22.4±3.1,13.6±2.0 and 9.3±0.9 (F=75.15);ISI was -(6.2 ± 0.1),-(5.7 ± 0.1) and-(5.3 ± 0.1) (F=104.42);and there were significant differences among the three groups (all P ＜ 0.05).(4) TC and TG:at day 21,TC of the non-intervention group,intervention group and the control group was (2.0±0.1),(2.0±0.1) and (2.0±0.1) mmol/L (F=0.10);TG was (0.75±0.1),(0.77±0.1) and (0.74±0.1) mmol/L (F=0.33);and there was no significant difference among the three groups (both P ＞ 0.05).At day 60,TC of the three groups was (2.3 ± 0.1),(2.2 ± 0.1) and (2.0± 0.2) mmol/L (F=8.34);TG was (1.5 ± 0.2),(1.2±0.1) and (1.0±0.2) mmol/L (F=17.93).At day 120,TC was (2.4±0.2),(2.2±0.1) and (2.1 ±0.1) mmol/L (F=6.12);TG was (1.7±0.5),(1.2±0.3) and (l.0±0.1) mmol/L (F=9.80).The TC and TG were highest in the non-intervention group and the lowest in the control group;and there were significant differences among the three groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Supplementing folic acid and vitamin B12 in maternal lactation can improve in some extent insulin resistance in FGR rats,but not sufficient enough to completely repair glucose and lipid metabolism.

Objective To examine the association of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) blood flow (Qa) dynamics with inflammation state and its effect on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.Methods Thirty MHD patients with AVF and twelve healthy people were enrolled in the study.Qa and cardiac output (CO) were measured by Transonic Hemodialysis Monitor HD 02.In MHD patients,pre-dialysis blood samples were taken before Qa monitoring.High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was measured by immunoturbidimetry (Kyoma,Japan).Inflammatory factors IL-2,IL-6,IL-10,TNF were measured by Cytometric Bead Array (BDTM).Cardiovascular diseases morbidity was monitored prospectively within nineteen months follow-up period.Results There were no significant differences in age and sex between MHD patients and healthy people.The serum IL-6,IL-10,TNF and hsCRP were significantly higher in MHD patients than those in healthy controls [2.38 (1.86-4.69) vs 1.14 (0.27-1.18) ng/L,P＜0.01; 1.47 (1.19-2.10) vs 1.04 (0.00-1.23) ng/L,P＜0.01; 1.33 (1.05-1.56) vs 0.54 (0.00-1.24) ng/L,P＜0.05; 4.90 (1.58-7.45) vs 1.50 (0.63-1.90) mg/L,P=0.01].During the follow-up period,6 patients (20.0％) developed at least one episode of cardiovascular event.Qa,serum IL-6 and hsCRP levels were significantly higher in patients with CVD as compared to those without CVD [(1120±192) vs (893±189) ml/min,P＜0.05; 4.86 (2.96-7.85) vs 2.20 (1.80-3.10) ng/L,P＜ 0.01;11.75 (3.83-31.53) vs 4.45 (1.05-6.68) mg/L,P＜0.05].Binary Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that serum IL-6 was an independent and stronger risk factor for CVD morbidity [HR=1.943,95％CI (1.110-3.402),P=0.02].Spearman rank correlation analysis and liner regression analysis showed that Qa was positively correlated with serum IL-6 (β=0.492,P＜0.01).Path analysis suggested that Qa contributed to CVD mortality via the increase of serum IL-6.Conclusions AVF blood flow monitoring is important for MHD patients.IL-6 is an independent risk factor of CVD in MHD patients.AVF blood flow increases cardiovascular diseases morbidity in MHD patients via its promotion of IL-6 production.

Child ; Humans ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; complications ; Panniculitis ; etiology ; Subcutaneous Tissue

Humans ; Infant ; Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Male

Objective To examine the expression of toll-like receptor 2(TLR2)in peripheral blood monocytes and explore its association with disease stages and clinical manifestations and to explore the patho- genesis of rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods The expression of toll-like receptor 2 in peripheral blood monocytes from 47 RA patientis(27 in active stage and 20 in stable stage)and 18 normal individuals were de- tected by flowcytometry and RT-PCR.Results The expression of toll-like receptor 2 in peripheral blood monocytes in patients with active disease was significantly increased compared to non-active patients and nor- mal individuals,The expression was found to correlate with the Disease Active Score(DAS),serum C-reactive protein(CRP)level and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),but not correlate with rheumatoid factor (RF)and the anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide(CCP)antibody.Conclusion The expression of toll-like recep- tor 2 in peripheral blood monocytes of patients with active RA is significantly increased.And the expression is correlated with disease activity index.The innate immune system is activated in patients with active disease. And the increased expression may promote the activities of monocytes.

ABO Blood-Group System ; Erythroblastosis, Fetal ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn