· AlM:To analyze the association between the macular thickness and emmetropic, low myopic, moderate myopic and highly myopic eyes.
·METHODS:The 276 teenagers (276 eyes) between 18~28 years treated in our hospital from January, 2013 to May, 2014 were selected, whose corrective visual acuity was≥1.0 and intraocular preasure was ≤21mmHg and who were willing to participate in this research.Forty-nine emmetropic, 72 low myopic, 104 moderate myopic and 51 highly myopic eyes were measured by optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) to detect the central subfield thickness, bitamporal, superior, lateral and inferior region thickness of inner and outer region, average thickness of retinal macula, foveal thickness and retinal volume.The thickness of different parts of macula lutea was measured and statistically compared among emmetropic, low myopic, moderate myopic and highly myopic eyes.
· RESULTS: The central subfield thickness of emmetropic, low myopic, moderate myopic and highly myopic eyes were (225.38±20.97), (230.97±19.15), (227.01±16.92), (231.91 ±18.97 )μm. The average thickness of retinal macula, of emmetropic, low myopic, moderate myopic and highly myopic eyes were (280.92±12.71), (278.15± 11.90), (270.05±12.07), (267.93±11.08) μm.There were no significant differences of center thickness (F=1.253, P=0.291) and central subfield thickness ( F=1.034, P=0.378) between emmetropic, low myopic, moderate myopic and highly myopic eyes.The macular thickness of inner and outer region in moderate myopic eyes was significantly less than that in emmetropic eyes, and there was significant difference (P<0.05).Comparison between low myopic, moderate myopic and highly myopic eyes was carried out and macular thickness of all regions of inner and outer region in moderate myopic group was significantly increased, and there was significant difference (P<0.05).There was no significant difference when compared with the macular thickness of inner and outer region of the highly myopic group (P>0.05).
· CONCLUSlON: ln low myopic eyes of teenagers, the center macular thickness do not become thinner. However, the macular thickness of inner and outer region is thinner than that of emmetropic eyes.Furthermore, with the increase of the degree of the myopia, the amount of macular thinner gradually decreases from outer region to inner region.

Objective To discuss the diagnostic value of Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and Epidermal growth factor (EGF) in uterine myoma.Methods Seventy-three patients with uterine leiomyoma treated by surgery as treatment group,and 65 healthy women were selected as control group.The levels of MMP9 and EGF in both groups were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.Results The levels of MMP-9and EGF in treatment group were significantly higher than those of control group((1.72±0.36) mg/L vs.(1.28±0.25) mg/L, (342.16± 128.65) ng/L vs.(209.84± 100.34) ng/L;t =8.241,6.678;P ＜0.01).There were no relationships between the levels of MMP-9 and EGF with maximum diameter of uterine myoma (P ＞0.05).Conclusion Serum levels of MMP-9 and EGF have some clinical value in diagnosing uterine leiomyoma.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the quality of life (QOL) in patients with breast cancer at different TNM stages and to estimate the value of EuroQol Five Dimension Indicator (EQ-5D) in measuring QOL among Chinese breast cancer patients.

METHODSA survey with Quality of Life Instruments for Cancer Patients-Breast Cancer (QLICP-BR) and EQ-5D was undertaken in breast cancer patients who had completed their standardized treatment (except for the endocrine treatment) six months ago. Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and covariance analysis were used to evaluate the possible factors influencing the QOL of breast cancer patients. Simultaneously, with the results of Quality of Life Instruments for Cancer Patients-General Module (QLICP-GM, which is included in QLICP-BR.) and the total scores of QLICP-BR as standard, we conducted Pearson correlation analysis to evaluate the value of EQ-5D.

RESULTSA total of 178 female breast cancer survivors were collected from March 2010 to September 2010. There were 47 cases (26.4%) at stage 0 and I, 81 cases (45.5%) at stage II, and 50 cases (28.1%) at stage III and IV. The total standardized score of QLICP-BR was 72.55 ± 3.10 in patients at stage 0 and I, 64.09 ± 2.69 in patients at stage II and 58.21 ± 3.00 in patients at stage III and IV. The total standardized score of QLICP-BR and social domain of patients at stage 0 and I were higher than patients at stage II (all P < 0.05). The total standardized score of QLICP-BR, specific domain of breast cancer, psychological, social and physical domains of patients at stage 0 and I were higher than patients at stage III and IV (all P < 0.05). Covariance analysis showed that QOL standardized scores were significantly different across TNM stages when age, degree of education, birth place (metropolis or rural), occupation, domestic income, and medical insurance were controlled (P = 0.002). Correlation analysis indicated that EQ-5D has a positive correlation with QLICP-GM and QLICP-BR (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSQOL of patients with early stage breast cancer is better than those at late stage. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve QOL of breast cancer patients. Chinese version of EQ-5D can well detect the differences of QOL among patients with different TNM stages, which can be used for evaluating QOL in Chinese female breast cancer patients.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Analysis of Variance ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Breast Neoplasms ; psychology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Income ; Mastectomy ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Quality Control ; Quality of Life ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo assess the association of smoked meat intake, SULT1A1 polymorphism as well as their combined effects with breast cancer risk.

METHODSA total of 400 newly diagnosed breast cancer cases from a cancer hospital in Sichuan province and 400 healthy controls from participants of physical examination in a hospital in Chengdu city were recruited from May 2007 to July 2009. A valid questionnaire was designed to collect their demographic characteristics and breast cancer risk factors. Daily intake of foods was collected using semi-quantitative frequency questionnaire and then the daily intake of smoked meat was calculated and transformed to energy-adjusted smoked meat intake by the residual method. Gene sequencing was used to analyze SULT1A1 Arg213His genotypes. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).

RESULTSThe energy-adjusted daily intake of smoked meat (Median (P₂₅, P₇₅)) was 8.65 (3.63, 18.44) g/d in cases and 4.44 (0.19, 8.71) g/d in controls. The frequency of SULT1A1 variant allele was 14.75% (59/400) among cases and 12.75% (51/400) among controls. High energy-adjusted daily intake of smoked meat (≥ 4.44 g/d) was significantly associated with breast cancer risk among premenopausal (OR = 2.31, 95%CI: 1.46 - 3.66) and postmenopausal subjects (OR = 3.13, 95%CI: 1.89 - 5.17). High energy-adjusted daily intake of smoked meat combined with carrying SULT1A1 variant allele elevated breast cancer risk among premenopausal (OR = 3.31, 95%CI: 1.66 - 6.62) and postmenopausal subjects (OR = 3.81, 95%CI: 1.79 - 8.10).

CONCLUSIONHigh smoked meat intake contributes to high risk of breast cancer. SULT1A1 variant allele increases breast cancer risk among subjects who were exposed to high smoked meat intake.

Adult ; Arylsulfotransferase ; genetics ; Breast Neoplasms ; etiology ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Cooking ; Diet ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Meat ; adverse effects ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo study the possible relationship between polymorphic N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) acetylator status and antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity and to elucidate the molecular mechanism of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity.

METHODSBlood samples from 101 tuberculosis cases with antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity and from 107 tuberculosis without antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity were collected for a case-control study. DNA of the subjects was extracted and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The single nucleotide polymorphisms of NAT2 were determined by direct PCR sequencing. The genotype frequencies were compared between cases and controls by χ(2) test, using SPSS 12.0 software, and the association between the disease and genotypes was analyzed.

RESULTSAmong the 101 patients with antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury, 36 patients (35.6%) were found with 282 T/T, 12 (11.9%) with 590 A/A, and 48 (47.5%) with 857 G/A or A/A. However, among the 107 controls, 9 patients (8.4%) were found with 282 T/T, 3 (2.8%) with 590 A/A, and 33 (33.8%) with 857 G/A or A/A. The patients with 282 T/T, 590 A/A, or 857 G/A or A/A genotype had a higher risk of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity than those with 282 C/C or C/T, 590 G/G or G/A, or 857 G/G, and the OR values were 6.03 (95%CI: 2.88 - 12.62; χ(2) = 22.73, P < 0.05), 4.67 (95%CI: 1.42 - 15.44; χ(2) = 6.40, P < 0.05) and 2.03 (95%CI: 1.16 - 3.57; χ(2) = 6.08, P < 0.05) respectively. There were 40 patients with slow acetylator (39.6%) in cases with hepatotoxicity and 13 with slow acetylator (12.2%) in controls without hepatotoxicity. Patients with slow acetylator genotype (OR = 4.74, 95% CI = 2.42 - 9.28; χ(2) = 20.62, P < 0.05) had a significantly higher risk of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity than those with rapid or intermediate acetylator genotypes. Among the cases, 19.8% (20/101) were found with NAT2(*)6A/7B, and 11.9% (12/101) with NAT2(*)6A/6A, whereas among the controls, 2.8% (3/107) were found with NAT2(*)6A/7B, and 2.8% (3/107) with NAT2(*)6A/6A respectively, the patients with NAT2(*)6A/7B and NAT2(*)6A/6A had a much higher risk of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity, and the OR values were 8.40 (95%CI: 2.85 - 24.73; χ(2) = 14.90, P < 0.05) and 4.67 (95%CI: 1.42 - 15.44; χ(2) = 6.40, P < 0.05) respectively.

CONCLUSIONPerhaps, the slow acetylation genotypes of NAT2 were the main risk factors of developing antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity.

Adult ; Antitubercular Agents ; adverse effects ; Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; etiology ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Tuberculosis ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEDiagnosing neonatal asphyxia solely according to Apgar score may lead to misdiagnosis. The aim of this study was to explore new and more accurate diagnostic criteria for neonatal asphyxia.

METHODSTotally 10 376 live born neonates in our hospital were consecutively enrolled into the study. The following five items related to birth asphyxia, i.e., antepartum high-risk factors, Apgar scores, umbilical artery blood pH, organ injury, differential diagnosis on the causes of low Apgar score cases were examined and registered. The relationship among the first 4 items were analyzed. By differential diagnosis, the sensitivity and specificity of each index on diagnosing asphyxia and their complementary value on each other were investigated.

RESULTSThe items correlated well with each other (P < 0.01 or < 0.05) but were not entirely parallel and consistent; they could complement but could not substitute for each other. The sensitivity of antepartum high-risk factors, low Apgar scores, umbilical artery blood pH < 7.00 and organ injury was 100%, 100%, 44.44% and 100%, while the specificity was 17.99%, 98.90%, 96.05% and 96.62%, respectively. Of the 230 low Apgar score cases in this series only 50.9% coincided with asphyxia. For the 230 cases, when low Apgar score was combined with umbilical artery blood pH < 7.00, the sensitivity and specificity were 41% and 99.1% and when low Apgar score was combined with umbilical artery blood pH < 7.20, the sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 29.20%, respectively. After organ injury was added, the specificity was increased to 65.49%. When differential diagnosis was further added to exclude the other causes of low Apgar score cases, the misdiagnosis rate was minimized.

CONCLUSIONUp to now, no single accurate index for diagnosing neonatal asphyxia is available. In order to increase diagnostic bases and reduce misdiagnosis, the criteria of sole Apgar score should be replaced by multi-index diagnostic criteria. Based on the present study, a set of integrated diagnostic criteria for neonatal asphyxia is proposed: (1) prenatal high-risk factors, (2) low Apgar scores (respiratory depression must present), (3) umbilical artery blood pH < 7.00, if only pH < 7.20, the items (2) (4) (5) must be present, (4) hypoxic-ischemic organ injury (at least one organ dysfunction), (5) the other causes of low Apgar scores should be excluded. The last 4 indexes should all be met and the first one serves as reference. If multi-organ (three or more organs) dysfunction and (or) hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy are present, severe asphyxia can be diagnosed.

Apgar Score ; Asphyxia Neonatorum ; blood ; diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic Errors ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Infant, Newborn ; Multiple Organ Failure ; Risk Factors ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Objective To explore the pain catastrophizing (PC) level of pain in patients with multiple fractures and its influencing factors. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to investigate 156 patients with multiple fractures in the orthopedic trauma department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. The questionnaire included a general information survey, a Digital Pain Rating Scale, PC scale, Positive and Negative Emotion Scale, and Social Rating Scale. Results The average PC score of patients with multiple fractures was (23.22±12.05), with 27 patients (17.20%) reaching the PC level. The average score of the Digital Pain Rating Scale was (6.30±1.49), the score of the Positive Emotion Scale was (27.92±6.06), the score of the Negative Emotion Scale was (23.18±7.00), and the total score of the Social Rating Scale was (27.90±4.61). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that pain score, negative emotion level, and social support level had predictive effects in PC among patients with multiple fractures. Conclusion The incidence of PC among patients with multiple fractures is at a moderate to high level. Patients with high pain scores, high negative emotion scores, and low social support are more likely to develop PC.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEGenetic polymorphism Val158Met of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) may contribute to estrogen-induced carcinogenesis of breast cancer. Soy isoflavones possesses chemical structure similar to endogenous estrogen and may promote the carcinogenesis of breast cancer. This study was to investigate the relationship between the polymorphism of COMT, soy isoflavones, and breast cancer in postmenopausal women.

METHODSIn total, 176 patients newly diagnosed histopathologically with breast cancer were recruited from May 2007 to July 2009, and 176 age-matched cancer-free women as controls were selected from a community-based physical check-up population at the same period. The food-frequency questionnaire was used to collect information on soy food intake. Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) was employed to analyze genetic polymorphism Val158Met of COMT. Adjusted odd ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by multivariable nonconditional logistic regression.

RESULTSThe proportion of susceptible genotype (COMT-LL) in breast cancer patients was significantly higher than that in the controls. After adjusting selected risk factors, the aOR and 95% CI of COMT-LL were 3.14 (1.48-6.66) as compared with those of COMT-HH genotype. The intake of soy isoflavones had a negative correlation with breast cancer in a dose-dependent manner (Chi2 = 28.26, P < 0.001). The women with high intake of soy isoflavones (> or = 16.26 mg/d) and carrying susceptible genotype (COMT-LL), as compared with the women carrying the COMT-HH + COMT-HL genotypes and consuming low level of soy isoflavones (< 16.26 mg/d), had no significantly increased risk for breast cancer [ aOR (95% CI) = 1.66 (0.52-5.24)].

CONCLUSIONSIn postmenopausal women, carrying COMT-LL genotype may increase the risk for breast cancer, and soy isoflavones intake may protect them from breast cancer. But there may be no interaction between intake of soy isoflavones and COMT-LL genotype.

Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Catechol O-Methyltransferase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Codon ; Confidence Intervals ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Isoflavones ; administration & dosage ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Postmenopause ; Risk Factors ; Soy Foods

OBJECTIVETo measure and assess the quality of life (QOL) and to explore the influencing factors on patients with malignant lymphoma.

METHODSQOL of 110 patients with malignant lymphoma were marked using EORTC QLQ-C30 short form, and multiple linear regression models were used to study the main factors influencing the QOL of patients with malignant lymphoma on five functional scales (physical, role, cognitive, emotional, and social) and the total scores.

RESULTSThe influencing factors of quality of life on patients with malignant lymphoma appeared to be: history of relapse, refraining from smoking, older age, educational level, space for living, exercises, medical care system, and available health care programs. Relapse (beta = 5.997, P= 0.020) and refraining from smoking (beta = -6.526, P= 0.006) were associated with total QOL scores, educational level (beta = -2.144, P= 0.057), History of relapse (beta = 5.857, P = 0.003) was associated with total functional scales while exercises (beta= -0.771, P = 0.097) and refraining from smoking (beta= -4.106, P = 0.005) were with physical scales, refraining from smoking (beta = -4.644,P = 0.008) and older age (beta = 0.989, P= 0.029) were with role scales, relapse (beta = 14.035, P= 0.001) and older age (beta = 2.230, P= 0.023) were with cognitive scales, relapse (beta = 8.500, P= 0.031) and living space (beta = - 3.054, P= 0.0901) were with emotional scales and medical care system and available health care programs (beta = -6.577, P= 0.018) were with social scales respectively.

CONCLUSIONFactors as prevention of relapse, correct cognition on malignant lymphoma, reasonable exercise, refrain from bad habits, improving medical care system could all increase the functions of malignant lymphoma patient, and to improve their quality of life.

Cognition ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; physiopathology ; psychology ; Quality of Life ; Recurrence

Objective To explore the effect of food hand measurement exchange on patients with type 2 diabetes in communities. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to divide the community into five groups according to the geographical location. Forty patients were randomly selected from each group and randomly divided into intervention group and control group. The control group was administered according to the requirements of the management of diabetes mellitus in the national basic public health service project. The intervention group conducted the dietary instruction for 12 months on the basis of the management of the national basic public health service project. Two groups were investigated before and after the intervention,and physical examination were conducted and biochemical indicators were detected. Results Before and after the intervention,there was no significant difference between the two groups in behavior and physical examination (P>0.05) . In the intervention group, the proportion of drug treatment decreased from 96.00% to 92.00% after 12 months of intervention. The proportion of people controlling diet increased from 90% to 99%, and the proportion of control weight increased from 75.00% to 91.00% . The proportion of patients who were monitored blood sugar was from 71% to 98%.Compared with the control group, the behavioral habits of the intervention group in drug use, diet control, weight control and blood glucose monitoring were higher than those in the control group(Wald x2=10.644, 4.324, 5.957, 12.229, P<0.05) . In the intervention group, the compliance rate of blood pressure and HDLC compliance rate increased from 16.00% and 56.00% to 64.00% and 76.00% respectively after 12 months intervention. Compared with the control group, the increase of blood pressure, FPG and HDL-C in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group(Wald x2=16.642, 10.128, 6.457, P<0.05) . Conclusion Food hand measurement exchange method on patients with type 2 diabetes in communities was a simple calorie intake measurement tool,and could greatly improve the patient's control diet compliance, and could promote drug treatment and monitor of blood sugar and other behavior improvement, thus ultimately improve the blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipids.