Objective:To explore the significance of combined fibrinogen concentration and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic marker of colorectal cancer.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the hospital in June 2010-June 2011 of received and accepted the surgical treatment of colorectal cancer patients,respectively analysis the relationship NLR and FIB with the pathological characteristics of colorectal cancer,neutrophils and lymphocytes ratio (NLR) and the concentration of fibrinogen (FIB) were combined to form a index (FIB-NLR).250 patients with colorectal cancer recording the scores were divided into three groups,patients NLR acuity 2.95 and FIB≥348 mg/dl as FIB-NLR 2 groups,NLR acuity 2.95 and FIB < 348 mg/dl or NLR < 2.95 and FIB acuity 348 mg/dl for 1 group,NLR < 2.95 and FIB < 348 mg/dl of 0 group,and analyzed three groups with invasion depth,clinical staging and lymph node metastasis of colorectal cancer,nerve invasion,distant metastasis and histological grades.And the three groups respectively for survival analysis,and carried on the comparison to the survival rates of three groups.Results:Moderate and advanced and with lymph node metastasis of colorectal cancer patients was significantly higher than the earlier stage and no lymph node metastasis in patients with NLR,statistically significant difference (P<0.001);tumor infiltration depth deeper,nerve invasion and distant metastasis of the NLR value was significantly higher in patients with infiltrating depth shallow,without nerve invasion and distant metastasis in patients with NLR values,the difference was statistically significant (P=0.006,P=0.002,P=0.007).Moderate and advanced stage,lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis of colorectal cancer patients with the FIB values were significantly higher than the early and without lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis of colorectal cancer patients FIB values,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001),the deeper the infiltration depth and colorectal cancer patients with neural infiltrates FIB values significantly higher than the infiltration and shallow depth,of FIB values for patients with nerve infiltration,the difference was statistically significant (P=0.015,P=0.012).NLR and FIB in tumor histologic stage,age,gender,tumor location,had no significant association (P>0.05). The patients with later clinical stage of colorectal cancer,the deeper the infiltration depth,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis had a high FIB-NLR score than infiltration and shallow depth,without lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis,no nerve infiltration patients was high,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001).Survival analysis found that the higher the score of patients the 5-year survival rate was lower,the difference had statistical significance (P=0.001).Conclusion:Neutrophil-lymphocytes ratio (NLR) and fibrinogen (FIB) joint form a index FIB-NLR may be a potential progression effective index which estimate the progression of colorectal cancer.

Objective To study the role of CT in the evaluation after patellar dislocation triple surgeries.Methods Retrospectively analysed the CT measurements of 60 recurrent patellar dislocation patients (61 knees),who had undergone patellar dislocation triple surgeries,within one month before and after procedures.The measurements included patellar tilt angle,lateral patellar displacement,trochlear con-gruence angle,Tibial Tuberosity-Trochlear Groove distance,Insall-Salvati Ratio and Caton-Deschamps Index.Moreover,the troch-lear dysplasia classifications of all patients were evaluated.In addtion,an analysis has also been completed for 40 (41 knees)of 60 patients who had second postoperative CT examinations as follow-up assessment 3 to 6 months after surgeries.Results All one-month postoperative measurements decreased obviously with statistical significance(P <0.05 ).Furthermore,one case of subluxa-tion,1 1 cases of abnormal Tibial Tuberosity-Trochlear Groove distance,13 cases of abnormal Insall-Salvati Ratio and 14 cases of Ca-ton-Deschamps Index abnormities were also observed.Besides that,it was also found that all patients had trochlear dysplasia and 5 cases were diagnosed with patellar subluxation or dislocation at the second postoperative follow-up assessment.Conclusion The patients with redislocation or risks for patellar instability can be detectecd by CT which provides objective evidence for postoperative evaluation and further treatments.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect and the prospect of Infliximab in treatment of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)-resistant Kawasaki disease (KD) patients.Methods Clinical features,inflammatory markers and coronary changes were observed in 2 cases of IVIG-resistant KD patients hospitalized in Peking University First Hospital,who were treated effectively by Infliximab.Relevant researches on the mechanism and progress of the Infliximab treatment for IVIG-resistant KD in the last 10 years were reviewed at the same time.Results Two KD patients hospitalized in Peking University First Hospital had been treated with 2 g/kg IVIG for 2 times and followed by methylprednisolone treatment.However,fever and other clinical manifestations occurred again after 2 days and 6 days when temperature returned normal.They both defervesced and all the symptoms were improved after 1 dose of Infliximab (5 mg/kg) by laboratory examinations.Four published literatures of the basic research and 9 retrospective or prospective clinical researches of Infliximab treatment of KD showed that Infliximab alleviated the inflammatory level in the KD patients significantly.Complete remission was up to 72.73％-92.11％.Those KD patients defervesced within 12 h,with dramatic improvement of symptoms and signs.Arthralgia also disappeared in the patients with arthritis.Only 1 case was complicated with hepatitis in the acute phase and cholecystitis in recovery time.A phase 3 randomised,double-blinded,placebo-controlled trial had been done to assess the addition of Infliximab to the standard therapy.Conclusions Infliximab is a feasible choice for IVIG-resistant KD patients.Efficacy and safety of Infliximab for KD treatment have been proved in the literature.However,Infliximab for KD treatment has not been indicated in the drug instruction,so the informed consent from the guardians and Ethics Committee is needed.

Objective To verify whether the concomitant performance of modified radical inguinal lymphadenectomy and penectomy may increase complications and compromise oncological effectiveness.Methods From June 2002 to June 2010,a total of 110 simultaneous inguinal lymphadenectomies were performed on 55 patients (mean age 49 years),including 107 modified radical lymphadenectomies,2 radical lymphadenectomies and 1 lymphadenectomy before which the sapheous vein was resected.The records of all patients were reviewed.Results Of 107 simultaneously modified radical inguinal lymphadenectomy,only 1 (0.9％) had wound infection.There were 18 ( 16.8％ ) leg lymphedema and 6 (5.6％) skin flap necrosis,postoperatively.The average number of inguinal lymph nodes dissected was 11 (3 -23 ).Overall 3-year survival was 84％.Conclusions Penile surgery combined with simultaneously modified radical inguinal lymphadenectomy could be feasible,which may have oncological control without increasing the risk of surgical complications.

Objective To report a modified radical inguinal lymphadenectomy the aim of which is to reduce the incidence of the complication of skin necrosis.Methods One hundred and twenty-six modified radical inguinal dissections were performed in 63 patients with penile carcinoma from June 2002 to June 2010.A modified radical inguinal dissection characterized by an S-shaped incision and precisely separating layers using an anatomical mark was performed.The boundaries of dissection were the same as classic radical inguinal lymphadenectomy.The incidences of complications of skin flap necrosis were retrospectively analyzed.Results The follow-up time ranged from 12 to 93 months.A total of 37 complications occurred,including 7 minimal skin necroses (5.6％),3 wound infections (2.4％),19 lymphedemas (15.1％),2 seroma formations (1.6％),5 lymphocele (4.0％),and 1 deep venous thrombosis (0.8％).There were no complications in 106 dissections (84.1％ ),and 20 dissections had one or two minor complications ( 15.9％ ).Conclusions The complication of skin necrosis related to groin dissection in patients with penile carcinoma could be reduced by using this modified inguinal dissection technique,which characterized by an S-shaped incision and precisely separating layers with using an anatomical landmark.

OBJECTIVETo determine whether the cardioprotection of puerarin (Pue) against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury is mediated by mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoK(ATP)) and/or mitochondria calcium-activated potassium channel(mitoK(Ca)).

METHODSCardiomyocytes were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats and hypoxia/reoxygenation injury was induced by myocyte pelleting model. Cell viability was assessed by trypan blue exclusion and mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by loading with TMRE. The opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore was determined spectrophotometrically.

RESULTSPretreatment with Pue at 0.24 mmol/L for 5 min increased the cell viability against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, while mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel inhibitor 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD, 100 micromol/L, 20 min) or mitochondrial calcium-activated potassium channel blocker paxilline (Pax, 1 micromol/L, 5 min) attenuated the effect of puerarin. The pretreatment with Pue at 0.24 mmol/L for 5 min attenuated collapse of delta-psim induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, 5-HD and Pax abrogated the effect of Pue. In mitochondria isolated from hearts pretreated with Pue, a significant inhibition of Ca(2+)-induced swelling was observed, and this inhibition was attenuated by 5-HD and Pax.

CONCLUSIONThese findings indicate that Pue protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury via activating mitoK(ATP) channel and mitoK(Ca) channel, and inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening.

Androsterone ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cell Hypoxia ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Indoles ; pharmacology ; Isoflavones ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins ; metabolism ; Myocardium ; cytology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Potassium Channels ; metabolism ; Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Background Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) can cause the termination of ocular dominance plasticity in the visual cortex.Recently,protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (PTPσ) has been identified as a receptor that inhibits CSPGs.However,whether PTPσ and its downstream molecules participate in the reactivation of ocular dominance plasticity in adult visual cortex has not been studied.Objective The present study was to investigate the changes in the expression of the PTPσ,probabilistic neural networks (PNNs),and molecules downstream of PNN,such as N-cadherin/β-catenin,after the reactivation of adult visual cortical plasticity.Methods Fifty-four SPF Long Evans rats were grouped according to different postnatal week (PW) as the PW1 (6 rats),PW3 (6 rats),PW5 (6 rats),PW7 (24 rats),and PW9 (12 rats) groups,and the upper and lower eyelids were sutured in the 12 rats from the PW7 group for 14 days to establish the binocular plasticity reactivation models.Expression of PTPσ and PNNs in the rat visual cortex was detected using immunochemistry,and changes of PTPσ mRNA,N-cadherin mRNA and β-catenin mRNA expression in the rat visual cortex with plasticity reactivation were assessed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT Q-PCR).The use of animals followed the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results The expression level of PTPσ mRNA was significantly higher in the PW9 group than that of the binocular plasticity reactivation models and the PW7 group (t =1.965,3.526,P＜0.01).The staining of the rat visual cortex for PTPσwas localized to the cellular membrane,cytoplasm and axon.Cell densities of the PW9 group in the Ⅱ-Ⅲ layer,Ⅳ layer and Ⅴ-Ⅵ layer of the visual cortex were elevated in the PW9 rats compared with the PW7 rats (t =24.593,23.444,13.556,P＜0.01) and rats from the binocular plasticity reactivation model (t =44.111,43.000,16.556,P＜0.01).Cell densities for PNNs in the Ⅳ and Ⅴ-Ⅵ layers were significantly increased in the PW9 rats in comparison with the PW7 rats (t=1.926,P＜0.01 ;t=1.370,P＜0.05),but the cell density in the Ⅱ-Ⅱ layer has no statistical significance (t=0.889,P＞0.05).However,cell densities for PNNs in the Ⅱ-Ⅲ and Ⅳ layers in the binocular plasticity reactivation models were lower than those of the PW9 rats (t =2.556,4.585,P＜0.01).Compared with PW1 rats,the expression levels of the N-cadherin mRNA in the PW3,PW5,PW7,PW9 rats were lower (t =28.932,28.988,27.083,28.908,P＜0.01),but those in the PW7 rats were enhanced in comparison with the PW3 rats,PW5 rats and PW9 rats (t =1.848,1.904,1.825,P＜0.01).No significant difference was seen in the expression of the N-cadherin mRNA between the PW9 rats and rats from the binocular plasticity reactivation model (t =0.072,P＞0.05).A statistically significant increase was found in the β-catenin mRNA expression in the PW1 rats compared with the PW3,PW5,PW7 and PW9 rats (t =3.918,3.534,2.645,4.652,P＜ 0.0 1),as well as between rats from the binocular plasticity reactivation model and the PW9 rats (t =0.570,P＜0.01).Conclusions PTPr,PNNs and β-catenin are involved in the reactivation of ocular dominance plasticity in the adult visual cortex.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effect of oxidized low-density lipoprotein ( ox-LDL) on autophagy in mac-rophages and the underlying molecular mechanisms.METHODS:RAW264.7 macrophages were pretreated with 2 mg/L anti-CD36 monoclonal antibody (anti-CD36 mAb), 5 μmol/L diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), 3 mmol/L 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or 1μmol/L rapamycin for 1 h and then treated with ox-LDL (100 mg/L) for 12 h.The viability of the cells was measured by MTT assay.The activities of lactic dehydrogenase ( LDH) in the medium and nicotinamide adenine dinucleoti-de phosphate ( NADPH) oxidase, superoxide dismutase ( SOD) in the cells as well as the levels of intracellular reactive ox-ygen species ( ROS) and malondialdehyde ( MDA) were determined to characterize the membrane integrity and the oxida-tive stress, respectively.The protein levels of beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II ( LC3-II) , 2 important molecular markers of autophagy, were examined by Western blotting.RESULTS:ox-LDL induced autophagy in
RAW264.7 macrophages as assessed by upregulation of beclin-1 and LC3-II.Similar to 3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor, an-ti-CD36 mAb significantly inhibited the ox-LDL-induced upregulation of beclin-1 and LC3-II.Anti-CD36 mAb suppressed the ox-LDL-induced oxidative stress as revealed by decreased NADPH oxidase activation, ROS and MDA generation as well as increased SOD activity.Similar results were observed in the cells pretreated with DPI, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor.Mo-reover, DPI significantly inhibited the ox-LDL-induced upregulation of beclin-1 and LC3-II.Inaddition, the decrease in the cell viability and increase in LDH release induced by ox-LDL were promoted by 3-MA and blocked by rapamycin ( an auto-phagy inducer).CONCLUSION: ox-LDL induces autophagy in RAW264.7 macrophages, which may be involved in CD36-mediated ox-LDL uptake and subsequent activation of oxidative stress, and moderate activation of autophagy may pro-tect macrophages from ox-LDL-induced injury.

Objective To investigate the etiological factors fc,r abnormal vaginal bleeding in girls.Methods Data of 65 female children aged from 3 months and 10 years old with abnormal vaginal bleeding,who were treated in Department of Endocrinology,Wnhan Children's Hospital from March 2009 to October 2013 were collected by using medical records and follow-ups.By means of pelvic ultrasound,bone age assessment,hysteroscope,hormone level and genetic testing,the causes of the disease were analyzed.Results Of 65 patients,37 cases had breast developed,21 ca-ses had nipple,areola and vulva pigmentation increased,16 cases with genital secretions increasing and odor,the height growth in 21 cases accelerated,abdominal pain was presented in 5 cases,and 6 cases had skin milk coffee spots.The leading etiological factors for vaginal hemorrhage in these girls were sexual precocity.The peripheral precocious puberty accounted for the first place (30/65 cases,46.2％),and followed by the central precocious puberty (20/65 cases,30.8 ％).Hyperphlogosis accounted for 12.3 ％ (8/65 cases),vaginal foreign body accounted for 6.2 ％ (6/65 cases),and genital tract tumors accounted for 4.6％ (3/65 cases).In the 30 peripheral precocious puberty cases,exogenous precocious puberty accounted for 16.9％ (11 cases),8 cases(12.3％) were of solitary ovarian cyst,8 cases(12.3％) of McCune-Albright syndrome,and 3 cases of ovarian tumors.In the 20 central precocious puberty cases,idiopathic central precocious puberty accounted for 18.5％ (12 cases),4 cases(6.2％) were of organic disease of central nervous system,and 4 cases (6.2％) of hypothyroidism.Of 65 children,12 cases lost follow-up and 1 case abandoned treatment.The rests received appropriate treatment according to different causes,and the vaginal bleeding were effectively controlled after 3 months to 2.5 years of follow-ups without recurrence of bleeding.But there were 2 cases of isolated ovarian cyst and 3 cases of McCune-Albright syndrome turned into central precocious puberty.Conclusions Endocrine diseases are the common factors for children's vaginal bleeding.Neoplasm is not rare in girl's abnormal vaginal hemorrhage.

Animal model is an animal material with human mimic performance established in biomedical scientific research. It can be used as experimental basis for studies of experimental hypothesis and clinical hypothesis. It can shorten the research time and observe the whole process of disease occurrence, development or prevention and treatment. Human biomedical research is largely limited by the biological complexity. In order to overcome this limitation, based on the immunosuppressive characteristics of a severely immunodeficient ( SCID) or recombinant activated gene ( Ragnul ) in mice, humanized mouse models of human diseases can be established and have been widely used to study the underlying principles of human immunobiology and complex pathological mechanisms of human diseases. This approach has become one of the important ways to promote the development of medical sciences, with practicality and foresight. In this paper, the application and research progress of humanized mouse models are reviewed.