OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effectiveness on comprehensive health education intervention program regarding reproductive tract infections/sexually transmitted diseases (RTIs/STDs) among reproductive age population in the rural areas of China.

METHODSData were generated from the Reproductive Health/Family Planning Project implemented by the State Family Planning Committee and the Ministry of Health from 1998 to 2002, which covered 32 counties in 22 provinces. A quasi-experimental design was used. Six counties were selected from 32 project counties as intervention group, while 6 non-project counties were taken as controls which were similar in number of population and economic level to the counties as selected. Subjects of the study were mothers with children under 3 years and men under 35 years of age. A total number of 675 mothers and men were interviewed using a structured questionnaire by strictly trained investigators. Logistic model was used to compare the difference of knowledge on RTIs/STDs between intervention group and control group. OR value was used to describe the degree of the difference.

RESULTSOver the 18 month intervention period, persons in the intervention group had more knowledge of RTIs/STDs than those in control group. Logistic regression analysis indicated that intervention was significantly associated with better knowledge on factors as transmission, risks, symptoms, management and prevention of RTIs/STDs with 95% CI of OR as 2.4 - 6.4, 2.0 - 4.8, 3.0 - 6.4, 1.9 - 5.7 and 1.8 - 6.8 respectively, after controlling the demographic factors. Level of education was an important factor influencing the subjects to receive knowledge on RTIs/STDs.

CONCLUSIONComprehensive health education intervention programs had significant impact on knowledge about RTIs/STDs among the target population, indicating that the Reproductive Health/Family Planning Project implemented in the rural areas of China had been successful.

Adult ; China ; Female ; Genital Diseases, Female ; prevention & control ; Genital Diseases, Male ; prevention & control ; Health Education ; Humans ; Male ; Rural Health ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo explore the etiological factor, diagnostic localization and treatment of delayed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea.

METHODSThe medical records of 79 patients who had undergone endoscopic repair of CSF rhinorrhea between 2000 and 2008 were reviewed. Thirteen patients with CSF leaks occurred 3 months after head trauma. All 13 patients with delayed CSF leak were retrospectively evaluated with CT or MRI and surgically treated. The operative findings were compared with the results of CT or MRI to estimate the diagnostic value of imaging technique.

RESULTSBony defects had been found on CT scanning in all 13 patients. Neural tissue herniation into the nasal sinuses was found in 11 patients during the surgery. The sizes of the leak ranged from 0.1 cm x 0.2 cm to 1.2 cm x 1.5 cm. Reconstruction of the skull base was done through endoscopic approach. No complications were found. Thirteen patients were followed up from 12 - 36 months, and none was recurrence.

CONCLUSIONSHerniation of mucosal tissue into the nasal sinuses after skull base defects could result in delayed CSF leak. CT and MRI can clearly show the skull base defects and neural tissue herniation. Endoscopic closure of CSF leaks was both safe and effective.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea ; diagnosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; complications ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the value of ischemic preconditioning in clinical hepatectomy.

METHODSA total of 48 unselected patients undergoing liver resection were analyzed by randomized controlled trial from December 2004 to June 2006. Forty-eight unselected patients were randomized into two groups: IP group (5 minutes of ischemia followed by 5 minutes of reperfusion) and control group (received Pringle's maneuver no and no IP was given). Postoperative days 1, 3 and 7, the liver function were checked. Perioperative mortality, morbidity and hospitalized days were compared.

RESULTSIn IP group, ischemic times were 5 - 80 min, mean 31 min, hospitalized days were 13 - 50 days, mean 20 days. In control group, ischemic times were 10 - 60 min, mean 27 min, hospitalized days were 10 - 33 days, mean 17 days. Forty-seven patients were satisfactory with postoperative recovery, except one patient died of chronic liver dysfunction after 3 months postoperatively. Postoperative days 1, 3 and 7, the ALT, AST, TBIL, ALB levels in two groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe clinical use of IP through 5 minutes of warm ischemia in this technique of hepatectomy does not protect the liver from hepatic injury induced by the IRI.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Hepatectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; Liver ; blood supply ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the characteristics of thyroglossal tract cyst epidemiology and summarize how to improve the operation therapeutic effect.

METHODSThe clinic appearance, the pathological characteristics and the therapeutic effect of the 60 thyroglossal tract cyst cases were analyzed.

RESULTSThyroglossal tract cyst mostly occurred in children and teenagers. The incidence of female patients was more than that of male patients. Most of thyroglossal tract cyst located in the middle line of the neck and were explored tubular-objects and fibroropes. The histopathological feature was variform.

CONCLUSIONThe clinical appearance and pathology characteristic of thyroglossal tract cyst are variform. Thyroglossal tract cyst may be recurred easily if it is not operated well.

Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Thyroglossal Cyst

OBJECTIVETo investigate association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility to chronic periodontitis (CP) of Han Nationality.

METHODSBuccal swabs from 166 patients with severe, moderate and mild CP respectively and 80 matched control individuals were collected. DNA was extracted from these buccal swabs using Chelex-100 method. VDR BsmI, ApaI, TaqI were tested with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The distribution of the genotypes and allele frequencies in the patient and control groups were analyzed.

RESULTSThe frequency of VDR ApaI allele A was significantly higher among patients with CP than controls. Frequencies of VDR ApaI allele A were significantly higher in severe CP patients than in moderate CP and mild CP respectively. There was no significant difference in the genotype distribution or the allele frequencies of VDR BsmI and TaqI between the controls and CP patients.

CONCLUSIONSThese data indicate that VDR ApaI allele A may be related to the susceptibility to CP in Han Nationality.

Adult ; Aged ; Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Chronic Periodontitis ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Calcitriol ; genetics

Objective To evaluate the application of “OmniView”, a new three-dimensional ultrasound technology, in displaying the fetal palate. Methods The three-dimensional volume data was acquired from 100 normal fetuses, analysed by OmniView technology with the facial midsagittal plane as the starting plane. The imaging of fetal palate was obtained in axial plane (through maxilla, oral cleft), coronal plane, oblique coronal plane (through piriform aperture, oral cleft, submental triangle), and the palate′s curved plane tiled imaging by drawing the anatomical lines on referenced sagittal plane (facial midsagittal plane). The volumes of ifve fetuses with cleft lip and palate were obtained and analysed by the same technology. Results The volume dataset of 91 (91.0%, 91/100) normal fetuses were acquired successfully, and analyzed by OmniView technology, the results of 91 normal fetal palate in different plane were: (1) In axial plane through maxilla, the visualization of alveolar process bow was 91 (100%, 91/91). It was shown as“C”shaped arcuate structure, the anechoic structure of alveolar socket could be seen on the bow, and the ifrst 6 alveolar sockets were displayed clearly. The visualization number of hard palate was 91 (100%, 91/91), it was shown as hyperechoic lfake between two sides of alveolar bones. In axial plane through oral cleft, the visualization number of soft palate was 81 (89.0%, 81/91), it was shown as a strip of soft tissue echo band. (2) In coronal plane, the visualization number of hard palate was 91 (100%, 91/91), it was shown as a strip of hyperechoic band and separated the oral and nasal cavity. (3) In oblique coronal plane through piriform aperture, the visualization number of hard palate was 91 (100%, 91/91), it was shown as a short strip of hyperechoic band. In oblique coronal plane through oral cleft, the visualization number of hard palate was 91 (100%, 91/91). In oblique coronal plane through submental triangle, the visualization number of hard palate was 91 (100%, 91/91). In the above two planes, the hard palate was shown as a strip of hyperechoic band, due to acoustic shadow behind the hard palate, the nasal cavity and nasal septum above the hard palate couldn’t be displayed. (4) In oblique coronal plane through piriform aperture, the visualization number of soft palate was 81 (89.0%, 81/91). The visualization number of uvula was 25 (27.5%, 25/91). The soft palate was shown as a lfake of soft tissue echo behind the hard palate, and the uvula was shown as papillary protrusions on the edge of the soft palate in the midline. In oblique coronal plane through oral cleft, the visualization number of soft palate was 81 (89.0%, 81/91). In oblique coronal plane through submental triangle, the visualization number of soft palate was 81 (89.0%, 81/91). In the above two planes, the soft palate was shown as a strip of soft tissue echo band, the soft tissue echo of fetal tongue was in the lower front of soft palate, and the anechoic region of nasopharynx was superior behind the soft palate. (5) In the curved plane tiled imaging of palate, the visualization number of alveolar process bow (primary palate) was 91 (100%, 91/91). The visualization number of hard palate was 91 (100%, 91/91). The visualization number of soft palate was 81 (89.0%, 81/91). the visualization number of uvula was 25 (27.5%, 25/91), the planar panorama of alveolar process bow, hard palate and soft palate could be visualized intuitively, the alveolar arch and hard palate were shown as bone-like hyperecho, and the soft palate was shown as soft tissue hypoecho. In iffteen cases′volume involved cleft lip and palate, all five cases of malformations were detected through three-dimensional data analysis, the position and range of the cleft palate could also be conifrm. Abnormal fetuses were all veriifed after induction of labor. Conclusions By three-dimensional ultrasound technology-“OmniView”, the axial and coronal plane of fetal palate could be obtained easily which was dififcult by two-dimensional ultrasound, and the special oblique coronal plane of secondary palate could be displayed easily. The panorama of the palate could be visualized intuitively though curved plane tiled imaging by drawing a line tracking the structure of the palate. This technology could simplify the ultrasound examination procedure of the fetal palate, reduce the operators′skill-dependence, and quickly evaluated the integrity of the fetal primary palate and secondary palate. For the cleft lip fetus, this technology can determine whether the cleft palate exist or not, together with their position and range.

OBJECTIVETo investigate factors associated with survival of patients with Ph chromosome positive adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (aALL) in a period of 11 years.

METHODSAll the clinical parameters of 31 Ph positive patients were statistically analyzed by SPSS software.

RESULTPh(+) patients account for 15.3% (31/203) of all the aALL patients. Clinically, these patients manifested older in age, higher white blood cell counts with high blast fractions and lower platelet counts (PC). Phenotypically 82.6% of them were common ALL, 39.1% coexpressed myeloid antigens, and 56.5% expressed CD34 antigen. 65.4% of them (17/26) achieved complete remission (CR) and the median remission and survival durations were 4 months and 8 months, respectively. Patients with Ph(+) and additional chromosomal aberrations accounted for 42% of all the Ph(+) patients, including monosomy 7, +Ph, del(9)(p11-12) and add/t(16)(p13), and they had lower PC as compared with those with sole Ph(+) (P = 0.012) and variant Ph translocation (P = 0.01). CD34 positive patients had a shorter remission and survival duration than CD34 negative ones (0 vs 9 months for median remission time, P = 0.024; and 6 vs 12 months for median survival time, P = 0.034). There was no evidence to support the correlation between myeloid antigen expression and survival time in these patients.

CONCLUSIONPh(+) aALL is associated with adverse prognosis and CD34 expression is a poorer prognostic factor in Ph(+) aALL patients. There is no significant clinical difference between Ph(+) aALL with or without additional chromosomal aberrations.

Adult ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Karyotyping ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Survival Analysis

OBJECTIVETo make multi-central clinical evaluation of the massage for supplementing qi and removing obstruction in the Governor Vessel for treatment of infantile diarrhea due to spleen deficiency.

METHODSBy using multi-central, randomized and controlled method, 275 cases were randomly divided into an observation group (n = 137) and a control group (n = 138). The observation group were treated by the massage for supplementing qi and removing obstruction in the Governor Vessel, and the control group by routine massage therapy in Tuina Science, a teaching material for college and school of TCM. After treatment for 7 days, their therapeutic effects were compared.

RESULTSThe cured rate was 83.2% in the observation group and 69.6% in the control group with a signifi cant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05), the former being better than the latter. The mean cured time was (3.22 +/- 1.04) days in the observation group and (4.20 +/- 1.11) days in the control group with a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05), the former being shorter than the latter.

CONCLUSIONThe massage for supplementing qi and removing obstruction in the Governor Vessel has a definite therapeutic effect on infantile diarrhea due to spleen deficiency, with rapid effect.

Combined Modality Therapy ; Diarrhea, Infantile ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Massage ; Qi ; Splenic Diseases ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo observe clinical therapeutic effect of monkshood cake-separated mild-warm moxibustion at Zusanli (ST 36) and Xiyan (EX-LE 5) on knee osteoarthritis.

METHODSThe patients of monkshood cake-separated mild-warm moxibustion group were treated with monkshood cake-separated mild-warm moxibustion at Dubi (ST 35), Zusanli (ST 36) and Neixiyan (EX-LE 4) on the affected side, and the medication group with oral administration of Xianling Gubao Capsules. After treatment for 4 weeks, VAS and index of severity of osteoarthritis (ISOA scale) were used for assessment of clinical therapeutic effect.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the arthralgia and the index of severity significantly improved in the two groups (P < 0.01), and the analgesic effect and improvement of ISOA in the monkshood cake-separated mild-warm moxibustion group were better than those in the medication group (P < 0.05). The basic clinical cured rate was 80.0% and the effect-producing time was (10.91 +/- 4.17) days in the monkshood cake-separated mild-warm moxibustion group, and 53.3% and (12.28 +/- 4.60) days in the medication group, respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTherapeutic effect of monkshood cake-separated mild-warm moxibustion on knee osteoarthritis is better than that of oral administration of Xianling Gubao Capsules.

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; methods ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions and significances of Ras-GTPase-activating protein SH 3 domain binding protein(G3BP) and osteopontin (OPN) proteins in esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESC).

METHODSThe expressions of G3BP and OPN proteins in 80 cases of ESC were detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationships between the 2 protein expression and tumor size, differentiation degree, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and prognosis of ESC were also explored.

RESULTS(1) The positive expression rate of G3BP in ESC was 71.3%, and the rate in lymphoid metastatic group was significantly higher than that in non lymphoid metastatic group (Z=-2.283, P=0.022), but no relations were found between G3BP expression and diameter of tumor, differentiation and TNM grade (P>0.05). The G3BP positive expression group had shorter survival time than G3BP negative expression group (P=0.000). (2) The positive expression rate of OPN in ESC was 100%, and the degree of OPN expression was correlated with the differentiation (chi(2)=10.766, P=0.005) and lymphoid metastasis (Z=-2.289, P=0.022), but no relationship was found between the diameter of tumor and TNM grade (P>0.05). The expression of OPN were significantly related to survivals in a negative time-dependent manner in ESC patients (P=0.000). (3) The expression of G3BP protein correlated positively with the degree of OPN expression in ESC tissue (r(s)=0.376, P=0.001).

CONCLUSIONSThe expressions of G3BP and OPN proteins have a close relationship with lymphoid metastasis and survival in ESC patients. G3BP and OPN proteins can be considered as predictors of prognosis in ESC patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carrier Proteins ; metabolism ; DNA Helicases ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Osteopontin ; metabolism ; Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins ; Prognosis ; RNA Helicases ; RNA Recognition Motif Proteins