To improve the quality of tea.ching,investigating the effect of practice-based in the teaching of human parasitology by department of parasitology in our school.We take medical laboratory science professional as an example,the parasite teaching is the traditional model of infusion teaching at present,besides the classical contents,it is difficult for some courses to meet the needs of social development at present,which has deficiency in attracting students' interest.Based on the optimization of teaching content,and teaching methods for the teaching process,part of contents were carryed out on the base of cultivating students' ability to practice.The objective of this teaching model is to solve practical problems as the goal,particularly focus on learning process of solving the problem.These results show that the teaching model based on culturing students' ability to practice could better embody the idea of studentcentered teaching,to some extent,it helps to stimulate students' independent thinking ability,and enhance students' learning achievement,and cultivate students' analysis and problem-solving ability,practical ability and teamwork spirit.

Objective To explore the morphological features of temporal lobe of healthy Chinese Han adults on the high-resolution MRI and provide morphological data of temporal lobe for the construction of database for Chinese Standard Brain.Methods This is a clinical multi-center study.Three hundred healthy Chinese volunteers (male 150, and female 150) recruited from 15 hospitals were divided equally into five groups according to their age, i.e., 18-30 ( Group A ), 31-40 ( Group B ), 41-50 ( Group C ), 51-60(Group D), 61-70( Group E).All subjects were scanned using T1WI 3D MPRAGE sequence and volumes of standardized temporal lobe were collected.The bilateral volumes of standardized temporal lobe were compared by variance analysis between male and female subjects and among five age groups.Results The mean volumes of left and right temporal lobe were (97 126±15 703) mm3 and (97 015±15 545) mm3 respectively for men, and (95 123±14 564) mm3 and (96 423±13 407) mm3 for women.The difference temporal lobe volume between male and female wasn't significant on the same side (F = 1.336, 0.127 ,P =0.249, 0.722).The left temporal lobe volumes of Group A-E were (93 873±13 351 ), (95 566±11 964), (10 1890±14 511 ), (93 972±14 050) and (95 636±19 864)mm3 respectively, and those on the right side were (93 409±10 984), (98 158±16 392), (102 079±15 112), (95 448±11 123 ) and (94 658±16 928) mm3.There were significant differences among 5 groups between left and right temporal lobe volume( F = 2.940, 3.514, P = 0.021, 0.008 ).Further pairwise comparison revealed that left and right temporal lobe volume in Group C is higher than those of Group A and D(P<0.05), while there were no significant differences between the other groups ( P > 0.05 ).Conclusion High-resolution MRI could offer detailed images and precise morphological data of temporal lobe, which provides morphological data of temporal lobe for the construction of database for Chinese Standard Brain.

Objective To observe the impact of ginkgo biloba extract in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia on the expression of PSD-95 protein and the content of amino acid neurotransmitter.Methods A total of 42 SD rats were divided into the sham group (n=12), the model group (n=14) and the ginkgo biloba extract group (n=14) by random number table method. Cerebral ischemia rats were produced by permanent ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries . The rats in the ginkgo biloba group were intrgastric administrated with ginkgo biloba extract suspension 28 mg/kg daily for 40 days, since 2 hours later after the surgery. The rats in the sham and model groups were intragastric administrated with equal-Volume nomal saline daily for 40 days, since 2 hours later after the surgery. The expression of PSD-95 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry techniques with image analysis. The content of Glu and GABA in the thalamus was determinated by OPA-pre-column derivatization and HPLC fluorescence detection method.Results The expression of PSD-95 protein (cortex was 212.58 ± 45.02vs.244.20 ± 34.28, thalamus was 132.33 ± 28.32 vs.272.00 ± 62.14) were significantly lower in the cortex and thalamus of the model group than those of the sham group (P<0.01). The content of GABA (6 081.46 ± 2 388.91 mmol/Lvs.8 280.45 ± 3 388.49 mmol/L) in the thalamus of the model group rats was significantly lower than the sham group (P<0.05). Ginkgo biloba extract could significantly improve the expression of PSD-95 protein (cortex was 237.89 ± 34.41 vs.212.58 ± 45.02, thalamus was 226.18 ± 75.80 vs. 132.33 ± 28.32) in the cortex and thalamus of chronic cerebral ischemia rats (P<0.01), and significantly improve the content of Glu and GABA (Glu was 10 523.78 ± 3 639.72 mmol/L vs.6 081.46 ± 2 388.91 mmol/L, and GABA was 18 440.93 ± 7 476.88 mmol/Lvs.11 239.83 ± 4 411.79 mmol/L) in thalamus with chronic cerebral ischemic rats compared with the model group rats (P<0.01).Conclusion Ginkgo biloba extract could regulate the levels of Glu, GABA and selectly regulate the PSD-95 experssion in the cortex and thalamus of cerebral ischemia rats.

Altitude ; Altitude Sickness ; Animals ; Hypoxia ; Iron ; Mice ; Spleen

Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, two important glycoproteins on the surface of influenza virus, play a considerable role in the entry and release stage of the viral life cycle, respectively. With in-depth investigation of influenza virus glycoproteins and the continuous innovation of drug discovery strategies, a new generation of glycoproteins inhibitors have been continuously discovered. From the point of view of medicinal chemistry, this review summarizes the current advances in seeking small-molecule inhibitors targeting influenza virus glycoproteins, hoping to provide valuable guidance for future development of novel antiviral drugs.

A new method for simultaneous determination of six benzoic acid esters and their metabolite p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HB) in sediments was developed.The samples were extracted with methanol and water,and then the extraction was purified by Oasis MCX solid phase column.The separation of targets was conducted by passing through a UPLC?HSS T3 column with a methanol-0.1% acid aqueous solution as the mobile phase under gradient elution.The qualitative analysis of the analytes was measured by Ultra performance liquid chromatography-Triple quadrupole tandem mass under multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) and the internal standard method was applied for quantitative analysis.The results indicated that seven target substances had a good linear relationship in the range of 0.1-500 μg/L with correlation coefficients above 0.9995 and the detection limits of 0.75-1.23 ng/g.The recoveries ranged from 65.5% to 88.3% and the relative standard deviation was 7.4%-13.6%.This method was suitable for the measurement of benzoic acid esters with the advantages such as simple processing,good selectivity and high sensitivity.

italic>Artemisia argyi (A. argyi) is a Chinese herbal medicine in China. The main active components are volatile oils, flavonoids, and other compounds, which have various pharmacological activities. Methoxylated flavonoids are the main active ingredients in A. argyi. Flavonoid O-methyltransferase (FOMT) is a key enzyme in the O-methylation of flavonoids. In order to further understand the function and characteristics of FOMT proteins, this paper carried out the whole genome mining and identification of FOMT genes in A. argyi and performed phylogenetic, chromosomal localization, gene sequence characterization, subcellular localization prediction, protein structure, gene structure analysis, and expression pattern analysis. The results showed that a total of 83 FOMT genes were identified in the genome of A. argyi. The phylogenetic tree shows that FOMT genes are divided into two subgroups, CCoAOMT (caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferase) subfamily (32 genes) and COMT (caffeic acid O-methyltransferase) subfamily (51 genes). Gene sequence analysis showed that the number of amino acids encoded by FOMT was 70-734 aa, the molecular weight was 25 296.55-34 241.3 Da, and the isoelectric point was 4.51-9.99. Compared with 32 members of the CCoAOMT subfamily, nearly 1/3 of the 51 members of the COMT subfamily were hydrophobic proteins and 2/3 were hydrophilic proteins. Subcellular localization prediction showed that more than 80% of CCoAOMT subfamily members were located in the cytoplasm, and 96% of COMT subfamily members were located in the chloroplast. COMT subfamily members have more motifs than CCoAOMT subfamily members. The N-terminal motifs of COMT subfamily proteins are relatively variable, while the C-terminal motifs are relatively conserved. Expression pattern analysis showed that CCoAOMT subfamily members were mainly expressed in roots, while COMT members were mainly expressed in leaves. Some FOMTs showed the tissue expression specificity by real-time quantitative PCR analysis, especially in leaves. In this study, we identified and analyzed the FOMT gene family in A. argyi, and provided a theoretical basis for further research on the function of FOMTs and the biosynthesis of methylated flavonoids in A. argyi.

Objective To observe the effect of tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) on islet cell apoptosis and TXNIP expression.Methods INS-1 cells were cultured in vitro, treating with TNF-α(0, 1, 5, 10 and 20 mg/L).We tested the effect of TNF-αon cell viability by CCK-8.INS-1 cells were treated with TNF-α( 5 mg/L, 24 h) for the proper concentration and incubation time; mRNA expression of TXNIP and ChREBP were measured by real-time PCR;in addition, protein levels of TXNIP , ChREBP and FOXO1 were analyzed by Western blot .Results TNF-αdecreased the survival rate of INS-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner ( P<0.05 ) , and induced apoptosis;protein and mRNA expression of TXNIP and ChREBP were significantly higher than that in control group ( P<0.05 );while the expression of protein level of FOXO 1 was down-regulated .Conclusions TNF-αinduces apoptosis in INS-1 cells and aggravates the cells damage .

Objective To investigate the expression of miR-155 in rats exposed to PM2.5 and its signifi-cance.Methods Thirty-two 12-weeks-old healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into PM2.5-primary expo-sure group (P1),PM2.5-three times exposure group (P3), saline-control group and blank-control group (O), with 8 rats in each group. The pathological changes of lung tissue of each group were observed by HE staining and the expressions of miR-155 in lung tissue of each group were measured by RT-PCR. The expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in serum of each group were measured by ELISA.One-way ANOVA and LSD-t test were used for statistical analysis,and Pearson′s correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the levels of miR-155 and TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β. Results The expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β in P1 and P3 increased when compared with that in saline control group and blank-control group, and the amount of expression increased with the increase of the number of exposure and dose;the difference between groups was statistically sig-nificant(P<0.01).At the same time,with the increase of the dose and number of PM2.5,the inflammatory damage of lung tissue was enhanced.The expression of miR-155 in lung tissue also increased with the increase of the dose and number of PM 2.5,and it had significantly positive correlation with serum inflammatory cytokines(P<0.01),and had statistical significance. Conclusions The lung tissue of rats exposed to PM2.5 can produce inflammatory injury, and the damage is enhanced with the increase of exposure times and dose.The expression of miR-155 is positively correlated with inflammatory injury in rats.Consequently,miR-155 may participate in PM2.5-induced inflammatory lung injury in rats.

0.01),which were significantly different from group Ⅲ(P