AlM: To observe the early tear film changes after trabeculectomy using Keratograph 5M.METHODS:Fourty-one patients (46 eyes) of glaucoma who underwent trabeculectomy were involved. First tear break up time ( FTBUT ) , average tear break up time (ATBUT), non-invasive tear meniscus height (NlTMH), lipid layer thickness and meibomian gland scores were measured at 1d preoperatively and at 1d, 1wk, 1mo postoperatively.RESULTS:At 1d, 1wk and 1mo postoperatively, FTBUT and ATBUT decreased greatly (P<0. 05), as well as lipid layer thickness (P<0. 017). NlTMH at 1d postoperatively increased significantly, but at 1wk and 1mo postoperatively decreased greatly (P<0. 05). There was no significantly difference in meibomian gland scores between preoperation and postoperation (P>0. 05). CONCLUSlON: Keratograph 5M could be used to evaluate tear film function rapidly and accurately. Trabeculectomy significantly alters tear film stability and tear secretion in the short term after operation.

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanism of tanshinol on alleviate the inflammatory injury of lung tissue in rat hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS).

METHODSSD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n = 8), hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) group (n = 11) and tanshinol intervention group (n = 9). HE staining was used to observe the histopathology changes of pulmonary and hepatic tissues, and to count the number of macrophages in lung tissues. The activity of alanine transferase (ALT) and concentrations of endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-alpha) and homocystein (Hcy) in plasma were detected. The concentrations of TNF-alpha, nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the lung tissues were measured, respectively.

RESULTSThickened alveolar septum and increased macrophages were observed in lungs in HPS rat. After administered with tanshinol, the pulmonary pathological changes were alleviated and the number of macrophages in lung tissue was decreased compared with HPS group. The activity of ALT and the concentrations of endotoxin, TNF-alpha and Hcy in plasma ,and TNF-alpha, iNOS, NO and MDA in lung tissue in HPS group were higher than those of normal control group; meanwhile, those tanshinol group were less those that of HPS group.

CONCLUSIONTanshinol may play an important role in delaying the development of HPS through protecting liver or directly antagonizing the effect of intestinal endotoxemia so as to alleviate the inflammatory reaction in lung tissue.

Alanine Transaminase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Caffeic Acids ; pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endotoxins ; blood ; Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Homocysteine ; blood ; Liver ; drug effects ; pathology ; Lung ; drug effects ; pathology ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; pathology ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

OBJECTIVETo explore etiology, clinical manifestation and immunological changes of infectious pneumonia of neonates in Chengdu area.

METHODSSerum specimens were collected from 111 infants with infectious pneumonia. Eight viral and mycoplasmal specific serum IgM antibodies were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); C reactive protein (CRP), total IgG and its subclasses, IgA and IgM were determined by rate scattered nephelometry; T lymphocyte subpopulations were detected by biotin-streptavidin-peroxidase method, and clinical and other laboratory data were analyzed.

RESULTS(1) Etiological agents: specific serum IgM antibodies were positive in 40 of 111 cases (36.0%) with pneumonias. All the 30 control infants were negative for the specific serum IgM antibodies. Among 111 infants with infectious pneumonia, 20.7% had single viral or mycoplasmal infection, 40.5% had bacterial infection, 15.3% had viral and mycoplasmal infection with bacterial infection; 23.4% had infection with unknown agents. (2) The most common clinical manifestations were tachypnea and cyanosis. The next were cough, milk choking, rales, retractions of the supraclavicular, intercostal and subcostal areas. Roentgenographic examination commonly revealed vague opacities, increased density and patchy infiltration. (3) Immune status: (1) CD(3), CD(4) cell counts of infants with pneumonias were lower than those of the controls while their serum IgA, IgM concentrations were higher than those of the control. (2) The CD(3) and CD(4) cell counts of the group with bacterial infection were lower than those of the control group. (3) The serum IgA concentration of the group with viral and mycoplasmal infection was higher than those of the control group and the group with unknown infection. (4) The serum IgM concentration of the group with bacterial infection was higher than those of the control group. (5) There were no significant differences in CD(8) cell counts, CD(4)/CD(8), concentration of serum IgG and IgG(1 - 4) between pneumonia group and the control group, and among various infectious groups and the control.

CONCLUSIONPathogens of neonatal infectious pneumonia in Chengdu area included single viral or mycoplasmic infection or bacterial infection, viral and mycoplasmal infection with bacterial infection, and unknown infection. Immunological changes of newborn infants suffered from infectious pneumonia included declined CD(3) and CD(4) cell counts, particularly in bacterial infection.

Antibodies, Bacterial ; blood ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Bacterial Infections ; complications ; C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pneumonia ; diagnosis ; etiology ; immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; metabolism ; Virus Diseases ; complications

Objective: To compare the cytogenetic response detected by conventional banding analysis (CBA) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and to explore the correlation between the cytogenetic and molecular response in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients during tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment. Methods: CBA, FISH and real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) methods were performed to detect the cytogenetic and molecular response simultaneously in 504 bone marrow samples from 367 CML patients who received TKI treatment. Results: Among 504 samples, 344 were detected to reach complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) by CBA, while 297 samples reached CCyR by FISH which were considered to carry BCR-ABL positive cells<1%. When the results of CBA, FISH and RQ-PCR were compared in 493 samples at the same time, it showed that in 337 samples with CBA-CCyR, 273 (81.0%) reached FISH-CCyR and 289 (85.8%) were BCR-ABL^IS (International Scale, IS) ≤1% by RQ-PCR, compared to 9.0 (261/290) were BCR-ABL^IS ≤1% among 290 samples with FISH-CCyR. There was no significant difference in the median value of BCR-ABL^IS between samples in CBA-CCyR and FISH-CCyR (0.21% vs 0.13%, z=-1.875, P=0.061) . Furthermore, when the samples were divided into three groups according to BCR-ABL positive cells (0,>0~<1%, 1%~5%) by FISH, the statistical difference was observed, the proportion of samples with BCR-ABL^IS ≤1% in the three groups were 94.1%, 57.6% and 27.7% respectively (χ²=43.499, P<0.001; χ²=9.734, P=0.003) , while the median value of BCR-ABL^IS were 0.10%, 0.64% and 1.80% respectively (z=-5.864, P<0.001; z=-4.787, P<0.001) . Conclusion FISH results were in good concordance with CBA in identify samples in CCyR, FISH was more sensitive and had better correlation with RQ-PCR results than CBA, but how to define FISH-CCyR need further study.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the current status of disabled children and prevalence of disabilities in children aged 0-6 years and their risk factors, and to provide scientific evidence for making relevant policies for disabled children.

METHODSIn a community-based cross-sectional study, multi-phase, stratified, unequal proportional and cluster sampling was adopted to survey 60 124 children aged 0-6 years. All the investigated children were screened for disabilities, and those with positive screening tests were further diagnosed by various specialties.

RESULTSA total of 819 children were diagnosed as disabled with an overall prevalence of 1.362%, 0.155% for hearing disability, 0.160% for visual disability, 0.931% for intelligent disability, 0.424% for limb disability, and 0.101% for mental disability. Prevalence of disability in children was higher in rural areas, and in families with two or more children, low educational level or in divorced families.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of disability can be reduced by economic development, improvement of health care and quality of population, as well as harmonious familial relationship, early prevention of disability, and preschool education for disabled children.

Blindness ; epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Disabled Persons ; Hearing Loss ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intellectual Disability ; epidemiology ; Limb Deformities, Congenital ; epidemiology

This study was aimed to investigate the characteristics of 11 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accompanying with karyotype t(6;9). The laboratorial and clinical data were analyzed retrospectively, including immunophenotype analysis and result analysis of real-time quantitative PCR detection. The results showed that a high prevalence of M2 was observed. Among 11 cases, 6 of M2, 2 of M4, 2 of M5 and 1 of MDS-RAEBT were found according to FAB criteria. Ten patients had high counts of peripheral white blood cells. Bone marrow dysplasia was seen in only 2 cases, and basophilia occurred in 4 cases. Six patients carried additional cytogenetic aberrations apart from t(6;9). Immunophenotypic analysis showed that all patients were positive for CD117, CD33, CD13, HLA-DR, CD38 and CD123. No NPM1 mutation was observed in all patients and a high level of WT1 was detected in all patients (7/7), out of 7 patients FLT3-ITD mutation was detected in only 3 patients. Follow-up details were available for 7 patients, one of whom died before chemotherapy, and the remaining 6 patients all had no response to IA or DA regimen. Among the 6 patients, 3 did not response to subsequently chemotherapy and all died from infections in a short period after diagnosis, the other 3 patients achieved a complete remission after alternative chemotherapy, but 2 relapsed in a short time and died. It is concluded that AML with cytogenetic aberration of t(6,9) is a distinct disease with a very poor prognosis. The first line chemotherapy such as IA or DA regimen is not effective to such patients, and the effective treatment needs further study.
Adult ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Karyotyping ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Translocation, Genetic ; Young Adult

【Objective】 To investigate the expressions of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme(UBE2) family and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T(UBE2T) gene and their relationships with the clinicopathology in lung adenocarcinoma. 【Methods】 Based on Linkedomics database, the expression levels of UBE2C, UBE2M, UBE2S, UBE2T and UBE2V2 mRNA and their associations with the clinical characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma were collected and detected. Kruskal-Wallis H test was applied to compare the differences of pathologic stage, T stage and N stage, Wilcoxon rank sum test for M stage and Cox regression test for overall survival(OS). The expression profiles of UBE2T gene in lung adenocarcinoma and paracancerous tissues were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) database and then analyzed with independent samples t test. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway and the enrichment were examined by using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis(GSEA) software. 【Results】 The expressions of UBE2C, UBE2M, UBE2S, UBE2T and UBE2V2 mRNA correlated with the clinicopathological features of lung adenocarcinoma. Compared with low UBE2T expression, high UBE2T expression predicted shorter OS time and advanced TNM stage. Their differences were statistically significant(P < 0.05). The UBE2T mRNA expression level was significantly upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma(P < 0.01). The gene enrichment analysis showed that the overexpression of UBE2T was closely related to 36 signal pathways(FDR < 0.05), including cell cycle(FDR = 0), spliceosome(FDR = 0), DNA repair(FDR = 0) and the glucose metabolism. The expressions of UBE2C, UBE2M, UBE2S, UBE2T and UBE2V2 mRNA in UBE2 family correlated with the clinicopathological features of lung adenocarcinoma. UBE2T was further identified as a factor most closely related with pathological grade, prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma and glycolysis process of tumor cells. 【Conclusion】 UBE2 family correlates with clinicopathological features of lung adenocarcinoma. UBE2T mRNA could be a new biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUNDVisceral pain is a common cause for seeking medical attention. Afferent fibers innervating viscera project to the central nervous system via sympathetic nerves. The lumbar sympathetic nerve trunk lies in front of the lumbar spine. Thus, it is possible for patients to suffer visceral pain originating from sympathetic nerve irritation induced by anterior herniation of the lumbar disc. This study aimed to evaluate lumbar discogenic visceral pain and its treatment.

METHODSTwelve consecutive patients with a median age of 56.4 years were enrolled for investigation between June 2012 and December 2012. These patients suffered from long-term abdominal pain unresponsive to current treatment options. Apart from obvious anterior herniation of the lumbar discs and high signal intensity anterior to the herniated disc on magnetic resonance imaging, no significant pathology was noted on gastroscopy, vascular ultrasound, or abdominal computed tomography (CT). To prove that their visceral pain originated from the anteriorly protruding disc, we evaluated whether pain was relieved by sympathetic block at the level of the anteriorly protruding disc. If the block was effective, CT-guided continuous lumbar sympathetic nerve block was finally performed.

RESULTSAll patients were positive for pain relief by sympathetic block. Furthermore, the average Visual Analog Scale of visceral pain significantly improved after treatment in all patients (P < 0.05). Up to 11/12 patients had satisfactory pain relief at 1 week after discharge, 8/12 at 4 weeks, 7/12 at 8 weeks, 6/12 at 12 weeks, and 5/12 at 24 weeks.

CONCLUSIONSIt is important to consider the possibility of discogenic visceral pain secondary to anterior herniation of the lumbar disc when forming a differential diagnosis for seemingly idiopathic abdominal pain. Continuous lumbar sympathetic nerve block is an effective and safe therapy for patients with discogenic visceral pain.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; drug effects ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; complications ; physiopathology ; Low Back Pain ; drug therapy ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; drug effects ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Lumbosacral Region ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Visceral Pain ; drug therapy ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the subchronic oral toxicity of silica nanoparticles (NPs) and silica microparticles (MPs) in rats and to compare the difference in toxicity between two particle sizes.

METHODSSprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups: the control group; the silica NPs low-, middle-, and high-dose groups; and the silica MPs low-, middle-, and high-dose groups [166.7, 500, and 1,500 mg/(kg•bw•day)]. All rats were gavaged daily for 90 days, and deionized water was administered to the control group. Clinical observations were made daily, and body weights and food consumption were determined weekly. Blood samples were collected on day 91 for measurement of hematology and clinical biochemistry. Animals were euthanized for necropsy, and selected organs were weighed and fixed for histological examination. The tissue distribution of silicon in the blood, liver, kidneys, and testis were determined.

RESULTSThere were no toxicologically significant changes in mortality, clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, necropsy findings, and organ weights. Differences between the silica groups and the control group in some hematological and clinical biochemical values and histopathological findings were not considered treatment related. The tissue distribution of silicon was comparable across all groups.

CONCLUSIONOur study demonstrated that neither silica NPs nor silica MPs induced toxicological effects after subchronic oral exposure in rats.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Male ; Nanoparticles ; toxicity ; Particle Size ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Silicon Dioxide ; toxicity ; Toxicity Tests, Subchronic

Through the markets investigations and literature surveying, this paper investigates and analyzes the qualitative characteristics and commodity condition of Panax notoginseng. And the samples collected from market and origin were analyzed in order to revise the commodity specification and grade standard of P. notoginseng combined with production practice. In this paper, the authors divide the P. notoginseng into 4 commodity specification which are root (including Cunqi and Dongqi ), Rhizome and rootlet according to different parts and harvest time. And the root were divided into 8 grade which are 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 120, countless and substandard. The density and internal components between the different commodity specification and grade of P. notoginseng were also compared. As well as the effect of different producing area, cultivation years and harvesting time on the commodity specification and grade of P. notoginseng were researched. On this basis, we revise and improve the commodity specification and grade standard of P. notoginseng. Moreover, we suggest the quality control indexes of P. notoginseng should be developed according to the different medicinal part and commodity specification in CHP. In order to guide the standardized production of traditional Chinese medicine and ensure the quality of medicinal materials, the cultivation years and density of each medicinal materials should also be indicated in CHP.