Objective To investigate the gene-expression profile in kidney of rats during late sepsis (24hours) by using microarray technology in order to offer some clue to revealing the pathogenetic mechanism of sepsis at gene level. Method A total of 30 Wistar rats were selected and divided into model group and control group randomly(random number). The rats of control group were sham operated and the rats of model group received cecal ligature and puncture (CLP) operation. The biomarkers of renal function were assayed and the histopathological changes of kidney in rats were observed under transmission electron microscope 24 hours after operation. Gene chips containing 22 107 rat-genes cDNA were used to exmine gene-expression in kidney of septic rats to sieve the genes with different expressions with software. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 11.0 software package.Statistical analyses of two independent samples carried out by using t -test. Results Compared with the control group, the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) of sepsis group were higher (P ＜ 0.01 ). The histopathological changes in kidney of rats demonstrated the establishment of sepsis model successful 24 hours later.Compared with the control group, there were 325 genes with differential expression in model group. Among the known-functional genes, there were 100 up-regulated and 64 down-regulated. Sorted by biological function, the genes were mainly related to metabolism, immunoresponse, cellular signal transduction, apoptosis, ion channel,growth factor and so on. Conclusions A sequence of genes expressed differentially in kidney of rats with late sepsis. Microarray technology played an important role in the research into sepsis mechanisms.

A questionnaire survey on chronic heart failure management was conducted in 110 physicians from Xindu,Supo,Jiajiang and Xinhua community hospital in Chengdu from January 2007 to June 2010.Results showed that 77.3％ (85/110) of community physicians lacked knowledge about prevention,diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure,and the diagnostic accuracy rate was only 51.3％ (40/78) in these community hospitals.There was lack of awareness of the guideline of chronic heart failure:the rate of β blockers use was 15.0％ (6/40) and only 5.0％ (2/40) used the target dose; the rate of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor use was 17.5％ (7/40) and only 7.50％ (3/40) used the target dose.In addition,90％ (99/110) of community doctors lacked the education and management for patients with heart failure.The survey suggests that the current situation of chronic heart failure management in community physicians in Chengdu is unsatisfactory.It is necessary to strengthen the training of community physicians.

AIM: To study the effect of double gene transduction mediated by lentiviral vectors on the characteristics of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). METHODS: Using the backbone from inducibal dual and excisable transgene vector (iDuet101) , lentiviral vectors overexpressing cytotoxic T lymphocyte - associated molecule - 4 immuno-globulin (iDuet101 - CTLA4Ig) , indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase (iDuet101 - IDO) , and ubiquitin - C promoter - lueifer-ase - ires - puromycin ( ULIP) were constructed and packaged according to the standard recombinant techniques. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were first transduced with iDuet101, iDuet101 - CTLA4Ig or iDuet101 - IDO, then, after the selection, were transduced again with ULIP. The expression and function of the exogenous genes were detected. Immu-nohistochemistry, RT - PCR and flow cytometry were applied for detection of embryoid bodies ( EB) formation in vitro and in vivo teratoma formation. RESULTS: Double - transduced hESCs showed typical shape of cell clones and positive staining of tumor rejection antigen -1 - 60 ( Tra -1 - 60 ) and octomer transcription factor - 4 ( OCT - 4 ). The formation of EB was observed, in which a - fetoprotein (AFP), paired box gene 6 ( Pax6) and Musashi 1 ( MSI1) were positively expressed. The cells formed teratomas, and the luciferase signals existed until 28 days after xeno - transplantation. CONCLUSION : Double transduction of non - transcriptional factors mediated by lentiviral vectors does not affect the cell growth rate and their differentiation ability.

· AlM:To analyze the association between the macular thickness and emmetropic, low myopic, moderate myopic and highly myopic eyes.
·METHODS:The 276 teenagers (276 eyes) between 18~28 years treated in our hospital from January, 2013 to May, 2014 were selected, whose corrective visual acuity was≥1.0 and intraocular preasure was ≤21mmHg and who were willing to participate in this research.Forty-nine emmetropic, 72 low myopic, 104 moderate myopic and 51 highly myopic eyes were measured by optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) to detect the central subfield thickness, bitamporal, superior, lateral and inferior region thickness of inner and outer region, average thickness of retinal macula, foveal thickness and retinal volume.The thickness of different parts of macula lutea was measured and statistically compared among emmetropic, low myopic, moderate myopic and highly myopic eyes.
· RESULTS: The central subfield thickness of emmetropic, low myopic, moderate myopic and highly myopic eyes were (225.38±20.97), (230.97±19.15), (227.01±16.92), (231.91 ±18.97 )μm. The average thickness of retinal macula, of emmetropic, low myopic, moderate myopic and highly myopic eyes were (280.92±12.71), (278.15± 11.90), (270.05±12.07), (267.93±11.08) μm.There were no significant differences of center thickness (F=1.253, P=0.291) and central subfield thickness ( F=1.034, P=0.378) between emmetropic, low myopic, moderate myopic and highly myopic eyes.The macular thickness of inner and outer region in moderate myopic eyes was significantly less than that in emmetropic eyes, and there was significant difference (P<0.05).Comparison between low myopic, moderate myopic and highly myopic eyes was carried out and macular thickness of all regions of inner and outer region in moderate myopic group was significantly increased, and there was significant difference (P<0.05).There was no significant difference when compared with the macular thickness of inner and outer region of the highly myopic group (P>0.05).
· CONCLUSlON: ln low myopic eyes of teenagers, the center macular thickness do not become thinner. However, the macular thickness of inner and outer region is thinner than that of emmetropic eyes.Furthermore, with the increase of the degree of the myopia, the amount of macular thinner gradually decreases from outer region to inner region.

Objective To observe the abnormality on behavioral ability of transgenic mice for HRX-EEN fusion gene.Methods Transgenic mice for HRX-EEN fusion gene(transgenic group,n=12)and C57/BL mice(control group,n=12)were tested in hidden platform training(day 1 to day 4)and probe trial testing(day 5)in Morris water maze in which ability of spatial learning and retention was assessed.Results In hidden platform training,the latencies of transgenic group were longer than those in control group,and significant differences were observed between the two groups for day 2,3 and 4(P

Objective To explore the efficacy of intraductal chilled saline perfusion (ICSP) to reduce the thermal bile duct injury during the treatment of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) associating with occlusion of hepatic blood supply in rabbits.Methods 16 healthy New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 2 groups.Rabbits of the ICSP group were placed tubes in the common bile duct after laparotomy,and ICSP was performed during the RFA procedure accompanied with hepatic blood occlusion.While for rabbits of the non-ICSP group,hepatic blood occlusion and RFA were performed without ICSP.RFA electrodes were placed about 5 mm away from the hilus hepatis approximately.Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) was administrated to evaluate the sizes of the ablative zones after the procedure.On post-procedure 6 week,ultrasonography was prerformed to evaluate the changes of the biliary structure,and liver specimens of rabbits wcrc obtained for histopathologic observation of main bile ducts.Results Post-procedure CEUS examination showed that there was no significant difference in the size of the ablative zone between the groups (P ＞0.05).On post-procedure 6 week,rabbits of the ICSP group appeared with biliary dilatation more frequently by ultrasonography (P ＜0.05),and a higher degree of the injury of main bile duct by histopathologic observation (P ＜0.05).Conclusions In treatment of RFA accompanied with hepatic blood occlusion,RFA-induced bile duct injury may be decreased significantly with ICSP.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors and clinical characteristics of liver injury in patients with sepsis and to provide a reference for early recognition, early diagnosis, early intervention, and improve the survival rate of patients.Methods:The clinical data of sepsis patients admitted to the department of general intensive care unit (ICU) of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from July 2014 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the occurrence of acute liver injury, patients with sepsis were divided into the liver injury group and the non-liver injury group, and the differences of demographic data, history, history of primary diseases, laboratory indicators on the first time of admission, treatments, the severity of the disease and other indicators were compared and analyzed. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for sepsis-related liver injury.Results:A total of 527 patients with sepsis were enrolled, and 129 patients with acute liver injury, accounting for 24.48%. Compared with the non-liver injury group, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP), serum MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB), total bile acid (TBA), serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactic acid (Lac), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) in liver injury group were significantly increased [APACHEⅡ score: 23.00±10.40 vs. 16.10±8.10, SOFA score: 9.17±4.29 vs. 5.90±3.12, pro-BNP (ng/L): 5 500.0 (1 166.0, 16 865.0) vs. 1 377.2 (448.8, 6 136.5), CK-MB (U/L): 23.0 (13.0, 55.0) vs. 18.0 (13.0, 31.0), TBA (μmol/L): 5.0 (2.4, 12.9) vs. 2.6 (1.4, 4.9), SCr (μmol/L): 146.0 (75.0, 222.0) vs. 71.0 (52.0, 125.8), BUN (mmol/L): 13.4 (8.8, 20.2) vs. 7.9 (4.9, 11.6), Lac (mmol/L): 2.0 (1.4, 4.4) vs. 1.4 (1.0, 2.2), LDH (μmol·s -1·L -1): 6.43 (3.76, 11.99) vs. 4.55 (3.38, 6.63), CRP (mg/L): 113.0 (61.8, 201.0) vs. 95.0 (37.3, 170.1), PCT (μg/L): 3.8 (1.0, 23.3) vs. 0.8 (0.2, 6.4)], prothrombin time (PT), international standard ratio (INR) and activated partial thrombin time (APTT) were significantly longer [PT (s): 19.4±7.6 vs. 16.0±4.0, INR: 1.7±1.0 vs. 1.3±0.5, APTT (s): 54.0±25.8 vs. 44.1±15.1], plasma fibrinogen (FIB), platelet count (PLT), albumin (ALB), and cholesterol (CHOL) were decreased [FIB (g/L): 4.2±2.3 vs. 4.9±1.8, PLT (×10 9/L): 116.3±74.3 vs. 182.7±108.6, ALB (g/L): 25.4±5.5 vs. 27.6±5.5, CHOL (mmol/L): 2.5±1.2 vs. 3.2±1.3], the probability of shock was significantly increased (91.47% vs. 59.19%), and the duration of shock was prolonged [days: 5.0 (2.0, 9.0) vs. 1.0 (0.0, 3.0)], positive rate of microbial culture (81.40% vs. 71.11%), probability of occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria (67.44% vs. 47.99%) were significantly higher, mechanical ventilation time [days: 6.0 (2.0, 12.7) vs. 2.4 (0.0, 6.9)], continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) time [days: 1.2 (0.0, 5.0) vs. 0.0 (0.0, 0.0)], the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay [days: 9.0 (5.0, 18.0) vs. 7.0 (3.0, 13.0)] were significantly longer, 28-day mortality was significantly higher (80.62% vs. 28.89%), and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Further Logistic regression analysis showed that PLT decline, PT prolongation, CRRT duration, shock duration and 28-day mortality were correlated with sepsis-related liver injury [odds ratios ( OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were 0.992 (0.987-0.998), 3.103 (1.507-6.387), 1.198 (1.074-1.336), 1.196 (1.049-1.362), and 0.213 (0.072-0.633), respectively, all P < 0.05]. Conclusions:Prolonged PT and decreased PLT are independent risk factors for sepsis complicated with liver injury. The long duration of CRRT, long duration of shock, and high mortality are independent clinical characteristics of patients with sepsis-related liver injury.

Objective To discuss the histology change,apoptosis state and Bcl-2,Bax expression after the bone cement leakage into the intervertebral disc in vertebroplasty.Methods Eight majority canis familiaris were studied.Three lumbar intervertebral discs(L2 to L5)in each dog were randomly classified into three groups(control group,PMMA group,and CPC group),the canine discs were stabbed by 18-gauge needle,and 0.1 ml cement was injected into them.Control discs were only stabbed and injected with nothing.Histology of all discs was studied 24 weeks after the operation.Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL)and immunohistochemisty were used to detect apoptosis and Bcl-2,Bax expression in the discs.The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 12.0.Results Intervertebral disc degeneration was not found in control groups.In bone cement groups,however,ruptured or serpentine patterned fibers,decreased cellularity of the nucleus pulposus and condensed matrix of the nucleus pulposus were found in histologic results.The Bax protein decreased in the order of control group, CPC group,and PMMA group.However,the Bcl-2 protein increased in the order of control group,CPC group,and PMMA group.The histology grade was significantly different among the three groups under ANOVA analysis(P

The primary processing is important links and closely related to the quality of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and is not only cleaning of remove the non-officinal parts, drying for termination the physiological status of organisms, but also retaining the most active substances, decreasing the toxic components, and promoting the transformation among chemical ingredients through primary processing. So the traditional primary processing endows with characters, quality, specifications and properties of traditional Chinese medicine, and embodies some important science truth. The traditional primary processing method and technology systems are derived from the long-term practices and experiences, which are distinctive, colorful, diverse, and scientific, which are helpful to development and utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources. This paper systemically expounds the research status of the Chinese medicine processing method, summarizes the problems in the primary processing of traditional Chinese medicinal materials research, and prospects its bright future.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; trends ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To build a Monte Carlo dose verification tool for IMRT Plan by implanting an irradiation source model into DPM code and to extend the ability of DPM to calculate any incident angles and irregular-inhomogeneous fields.Methods The virtual source and the energy spectrum unfolded from the accelerator measurement data were used,in combination with optimized intensity maps,to calculate the dose distribution of the irradiation irregular-inhomogeneous field.The irradiation source model of accelerator was substituted by a grid-based surface source.The contour and the intensity distribution of the surface source were optimized by IMRT.The dose calculation was realized by combining the position of the emitter with the fluence map from the IMRT plan.The weight of the emitter was decided by the grid intensity.The direction of the emitter was decided by the combination of the virtual source and the emitting position.The weighted fraction of the emitter was also combined with the flux grid intensity based on the particle transport model of DPM code.Results The accuracy of calculation was verified by comparing with the measured data.It was illustrated that the differences were acceptable (＜ 2％ inside the field,2-3 mm in the penumbra).The dose calculation of irregular field by DPM simulation was also compared with that of FSPB (Finite Size Pencil Beam).The passing rate of gamma analysis was 95.1％ for peripheral lung cancer.The regular field and the irregular rotational field were all within permissible range of error.The calculation time of regular fields were less than 2 h,and that of the test of peripheral lung cancer was 160 min.Conclusions The adapted DPM code with its simple irradiation source model is faster than that with classical Monte Carlo procedure.Its computational accuracy and speed satisfy the clinical requiremcnt,and it can be useful as a Monte Carlo dose verification tool for IMRT Plan.