OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of endoscopic sinus surgery on olfactory disorder caused by chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps, by testing the olfactory function of seventy-four patients before and after endoscopic sinus surgery,and evaluate the outcomes of olfactory dysfunction after endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with choinc rhinosinusitis and the related factors. METHOD: The olfactory function of the seventy-four patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps were tested by the T&T olfactory testing method at pre-operation and four weeks,twelve weeks, twenty-four weeks of post-operation. Patients were divided into two groups, according to whether combined with allergic rhinitis. Data were achieved by the scores of endoscopic appearances of Kennedy, and CT staging system of Lund-Mackey. Parallel processing standard endoscopic operation and processing specification during peri operation period. Analysing the degree of olfactory rehabilitation in chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps with allergic rhinitis. RESULT: (1) Compared with the level of olfactory function, significant improvement was found at first month;however, the olfactory function level 4 weeks after operations was significantly statistically different with that 12 weeks and 24 weeks after operations; (2) Lund-Mackey sinus CT higher score is related to the worse degree of postoperative nasal olfactory rehabilitation (P < 0.05). (3) The higher scores of endoscopic appearances of Kennedy is related to the worse degree of postoperative nasal olfactory rehabilitation (P < 0.05). (4) Allergic rhinitis is one of the factors of olfactory rehabilitation in chronic rhinosinusitis with olfactory dysfunction olfactory rehabilitation, the olfactory rehabilitation of patients with allergic rhinitis is worse than that in the patients with no allergic rhinitis. (5) Course of disease is one of the factors of chronic rhinosinusitis with olfactory dysfunction olfactory rehabilitation. Longer the course of disease, worse the olfactory rehabilitation. (6) E osinophil count was related to olfactory rehabilitation in chronic rhinosinusitis with olfactory dysfunction olfactory rehabilitation. Higher Eosinophil count, worse the olfactory rehabilitation. CONCLUSION FESS plays a positive role in the improvement of olfactory impairment in patients with CRS. It is important to protect the olfactory mucous during surgical removal of sinonasal lesions. The standard intraoperative procedure, treatment on allergic rhinitis and regular follow-up after operation are also very important.
Chronic Disease ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Nasal Polyps ; complications ; surgery ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; Olfaction Disorders ; rehabilitation ; Paranasal Sinuses ; surgery ; Postoperative Period ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; complications ; Sinusitis ; complications ; surgery ; Smell

Objective:To assess the effect of accelerated aging on the color and opacity of veneers bonded resin.Methods:28 discs were made with IPS e.max Press A1 shade with the thickness of 0.4 mm.Ceramic discs were divided into 4 groups(n=7). BEAUTIFIL Flow A1 ,DEO-Link SE Transparent,Panavia F Light color and Viriolink N transparent resin cements were applied on the porcelain discs with a thickness of 0.1 mm.Curing was performed with a calibrated LED curing-light for 40 seconds.Color and opac-ity differences of the porcelain substructures after 65 h(150 kJ/m2 )of UV ageing test were examined with a colorimeter.The results were analysed statistically with One-way ANOVA,LSD(L)test.Results:All samples showed significant changes in color and opaci-ty.The ΔE of all materials ranged from 0.6 to 2.29.DEO-Link SE showed the highest color change,while BEAUTIFIL Flow the lowest.The opacity changes ranged from 0.46 to 2.55 and its variation was not significant among groups except for Panavia F.Con-clusion:The accelerated ageing may lead to color changes of ceramic veneer bonded by resins in a clinically acceptable range(ΔE<3).

In this study, ITS2 barcode was used to identify Bupleurum chinense and B. longiradiatum. The ITS2 regions of 48 samples were amplified and sequenced. The sequences obtained above were aligned and the K2P distances were calculated. We used three methods, BLAST1, nearest distance and phylogenetic tree (NJ-tree), to test the identification ability. The results showed that the maximum intraspecific genetic distance of B. chinense was 0.013, and the minimum interspecific genetic distance between B. chinense and B. longiradiatum was 0.049. The NJ-tree can easily identify B. chinense and B. longiradiatum. Therefore, the ITS2 barcode is suitable to identify B. chinense and B. longiradiatum.
Bupleurum ; classification ; genetics ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; classification ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo analyze the data of angle variation on traction based on a finite element model of complete cervical spine with straight physiological curvature, and try to give experimental reference and suggestion in treating cervical spondylosis.

METHODSA 43-year-old female patient with straight cervical spine was chosen and the CT scan data were collected. By using specially designed modeling system, a high quality finite element model of complete cervical spine with straight physiological curvature is generated,which included ligament and muscle according to anatomy. After the model was confirmed, traction was loaded with angle 0 degree, anterior 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 15 degrees, 20 degrees, 25 degrees, to observe the data of distance change on between adjacent intervertebral foramen, processus articularis, uncovertedral joint, intervertebral discs, and stress of anulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus.

RESULTSWhen the angle was 0 degrees-15 degrees, the distance between intervertebral foramen, Luschka joint and processus articularis posterioris was enlarged, the tensile stress was adequate and compressive stress was small. It met the clinical requests.

CONCLUSION0 degree-15 degrees anterior position is suggested for the treatment of cervical spondylosis.

Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cervical Vertebrae ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Female ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Spondylosis ; surgery ; Traction ; methods

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical curative effect of thoracolumbar burst fracture treated by the posterior unilateral approach corpectomy fusion screw-rod fixation and anterior corpectomy bone fusion screw plate fixation.

METHODSFrom January 2008 to May 2014,36 cases of thoracolumbar burst fracture underwent operation of decompression, fusion, and internal fixation was retrospective analyzed. Among them, 16 patients were treated through posterior approach as posterior group, including 13 males and 3 females aged from 37 to 62 years old; 9 cases caused by falling injury, 3 cases by traffic accident injury,4 cases by heavy aboved;the injury segment was on T₁₂ in 2 cases, L₁ in 5 cases, L₂ in 7 cases, L₃ in 2 cases; according ASIA grade, 3 cases were grade A, 2 cases were grade B, 2 cases were grade C, 5 cases were grade D, 4 cases were grade E; the time between injury and operation ranged from 5 to 15 days. Other 20 patients were treated through anterior-lateral approach as anterior-lateral group, including 15 males and 5 females with age from 27 to 62 years old; 12 cases caused by falling injury, 4 cases by traffic accident injury, 4 cases by heavy aboved; the injury segment was on T₁₂ in 2 cases, L₁, in 7 cases, L₂ in 9 cases, L₃ in 2 cases; for ASIA grade: 4 cases were grade A, 2 cases were grade B, 4 cases were grade C, 6 cases were grade D, 4 cases were grade E; the time between injury and operation ranged from 4 to 12 days. The operation time, bleeding during operation and postoperative drainage volume were observed in two groups,and the changes of nerve function of ASIA grade, clinical efficacy,improved degree of thoracic and lumbar lordosis,and bony fusion were compared between two groups.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 12 to 24 months with an average of (15.8 ± 3.3) months. The operation time, bleeding during operation, and postoperative drainage volume had no significant different between two groups (P > 0.05). As compared with preoperative, ASIA grade of two groups at last follow-up had statistically significantly different (P < 0.01), the neural function of two groups after operation was recovered for different extent. The JOA score of two groups was compared between last follow-up and preoperative, the difference had statistically significant (P < 0.01), the two groups showed good clinical effect. The clinical results of ASIA grade, JOA score and RIS had no significant differences between two groups. All patients of two groups were obtained fusion. Thoracic and lumbar lordosis angle improvement degree had no significant difference between two groups ,it bad significant difference had statistical significance compared with preoperative, the two approaches could effectively restore the spinal sequence.

CONCLUSIONFor patients with thoracolumbar burst fracture just treated by anterior decompression and reconstruction of anterior column, according to the degree of operation performer' skill proficiency and the patient' condition to choose, but for patients must performed the spinal canal decompression anterior and posterior, the three column-reconstruction to required anterior-posterior approach, the posterior unilateral approach corpectomy fusion screw-rod fixation obviously shorten operation time, reduce the operation wound, it is worth the clinical promotion.

Adult ; Decompression, Surgical ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedicle Screws ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery

Objective To understand the extent and relative changes of equities in using the prenatal care services among premature delivery women from 4 counties/cities in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, from 1995 to 2000. Methods The study population consisted of 97 537women who delivered singleton live birth of 28 to 41 gestational weeks in 4 counties/cities of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, from 1995 to 2000. The proportions of women with early prenatal visit, of those with at least five prenatal visits and the hospital delivery rates between premature and term delivery groups were calculated. Inequalities in the above indictors by comparing rate difference ( RD), rate ratio ( RR ) and concentration index ( CI ) among women with different educational levels,were examined. Chi-square and One-way ANOVA were used to compare the differences. Results The proportions of having received early prenatal among those women with premature delivery in different education levels were 82.89%, 91.06%, 93.96%, 93.11% respectively, which were less than that of those with full term delivery (86.36%, 93.95%, 95.65%, 96.41%, P=0.008). The proportions of having received early prenatal among the women with high educational levels were higher (RD=-10.05, RR=0.90, CI=0.0104) than those with low educational attainment (RD=-10.22, RR=0.89, CI=0.0131); The proportions of having received at least five prenatal visits among those women with premature delivery in different education levels were 86.54%, 93.17%, 92.99%, 96.49%,respectively, which were less than those with full term delivery (94.60%, 96.65%, 96.15%, 96.66%,P=0.005). The proportions of having had at least five prenatal visits among the women with high educational attainment were higher (RD=-2.06, RR=0.98, CI=0.0006) than those with lower educational attainment (RD=-9.95, RR=0.90, CI=0.0077); The proportions of hospital delivery among the women with full term delivery in different education levels were significantly higher (99.45%, 99.75%, 99.83%, 99.77% ) than those with premature deliveries (98.42%, 99.54%, 99.61%,100.00%, P=0.005). The proportions of hospital delivery among women with high educational attainment was higher (RD =-0.32, CI= 0.0003 ) than those with lower educational attainment ( RD =-1.58, CI=0.0013). Conclusion Education related inequities in prenatal care utilization had not been improved among the Chinese women under our study. Inequities were seen in those women with full-term delivery the preterm delivery ones.

Objective To probe the effects of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B) on cell apoptosis and left ventricular segmental function in acute ischemia repeffusion in dogs.Method Twenty-four dogs were randomly divided into three groups:without left anterior artery (lAD) ligation group (C group),LAD was occluded 30 min following reperfusion 120 minutes in isehemical reperfusion group (IR group),and dogs were administered with PDTC before LAD ligation in ischemical reperfusion plus pyorrole dithitocarbamate group (PDTC group).The left ventricular segmental function was detected by echo cardiography using strain rate anlysis software.EF measured by Simpson's method.Cardiac myocyte apoptosis numbers were determined by terminal deoxynudeotidy transferease-mediated biotinylated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL).lmmunohistochemistry and western-blot anylysis of NF-?B protein expression.Results NF-?B was obviously expression on injury myocardium of IR group,and increased significantly in contrast to control group (P0.05)Conclusions NF-?B might play an important role in acute myocardial ischemia reperfusion.PDTC reduces myocardial iscbemia/repeffasion injury by preventing expression of factor NF-?B.

Objective To demonstrate the carbonic anhydrase Ⅲ (CAⅢ) for 25 000 protein decreased in skeletal muscle of myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods The protein molecular properties responsible to antibodies against 25 000 protein and CAⅢ were analyzed by a combination method of two-dimensional electrophoresis and immuno-Western blot. Competitive binding reactions of the antibodies to the purified 25 000 protein and muscular homogenate were observed by using immuno-Dot blot and immuno-Western blot, respectively. The expression of CAⅢ from normal and MG muscles was detected by immuno-Western blot. Results Combination analysis of two-dimensional electrophoresis and immuno-Western blot showed that the protein of immunological responsible to antibodies against 25 000 protein and CAⅢ had an identical molecular mass and isoelectric point. Competitive binding reactions proved that 25 000 protein and CAⅢ were the same substance, either by immuno-Dot blot or by immuno-Western blot. In addition, a much similar result was obtained when the levels of 25 000 protein from normal and MG muscles were detected by antibodies against 25 000 protein and (CAⅢ) by immuno-Western blot. Conclusion 25 000 protein decreased in the MG skeletal muscle was proved to be just a known protein CAⅢ, which made a basis for further exploring the relationship of CAⅢ deficiency and MG pathogenesis.

Objective To determine the frequency of polymorphism at exon 26 (C3435T) of muhidrug resistance 1 gene (MDR1) in epileptic patients in the southern Chinese and to study the association of this polymorphism with pharmacoresistance.Methods DNA samples were obtained from 134 patients,of whom 72 were resistant to antiepileptic drug treatment and 62 were responsive to the treatment. Genotypes of the C3435T polymorphism were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction digestion and gel electrophoresis.Genotype and allele frequencies in the drug resistant group were compared to those in the response group by Chi-square analysis.Results Of all 134 patients,33 (24.6%) had CC genotype,72 (53.7%) had CT genotype,and 29 (21.6%) had TT genotype.The frequency of CC genotype was significantly higher in the pharmaeoresistance group (33.3%) than that in the responsive group (14.5%,P=0.012).The frequency of the C allele was also significantly higher in the pharmacoresistance group (57.6%) than that in the responsive group (44.4%,P=0.03).When patients were divided by types of seizure into three groups:generalized seizure group,partial seizure group,and undefined seizure group,the CC genotype and C allele were associated with pharmacoresistance in the partial seizure group.Conclusions In the southern Chinese,the CC genotype and C allele are associated with resistance to the antiepileptic treatment.This finding needs to be verified in studies with larger sample size.

Objective To investigate whether the vohage-gated chloride channel CLC-2 gene— CLCN2 is associated with idiopathic generalized tonie-clonic seizures(often called a grand mal seizure, GME)of Jinuo people and Han people from Yunnan province.Methods Three regions,including Intron 2, Exon 5 and Exon 19(Intron 18),of CLCN2 were selected to conduct sequence analysis.The case-control study design was used to detect association between gene polymorphism and idiopathic generalized tonic- clonic seizures of Jinuo people and Han people from Yunnan province.Results No previously reported susceptible mutations were found in Intron 2,Exon 5 and Exon 19 in Jinuo people and Han people from Yunnan province.However we found a single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)at site 146 of Intron 18. Case-control study were carried out,using this SNP.Distribution of the 3 genotypes(TT,TC,CC)has a significant difference between the IGTCS patients of Han people and the normal controls of Han people(9, 3,29 cases and 22,9,26,respectively,x~2=16.079,P