ObjectiveTo evaluation the intervention effects of hand hold hands method in brick tea borne fluorosis.MethodFour to six grade pupils were selected in brick tea borne fluorosis areas,and health education knowledge questionnaire investigation was conducted.Drinking tea related health behaviors were also surveyed by the method of questionnaire.Then health education lecture on brick tea borne fluorosis was carried out,and health education material and low fluoride brick tea were provided to the pupils,the students were also requested to tell their parents brick tea related knowledge and supervise them to get rid of harmful drinking tea behavior,and cultivate healthy lifestyle.One year later pupils' health knowledge questionnaire and parents health related behavior questionnaire were carried out once again.The knowledge awareness rates of students before and after the intervention were compared.Health related behavior change rates of the parent between different ages and education levels were compared,and the implementation rates of different brick tea related behaviors before and after the intervention were compared.ResultsAfter 1 year of health education,the student's knowledge awareness rate on brick tea fluorosis was [94.3％ (33/35)],compared with the rate before intervertion [14.3％ (5/35)] increased significantly(X2 =46.111,P ＜ 0.01 ).The overall behavior change rate of health related behavior was 68.6％.After the intervention,the implementation rate of whether drinking tea,drinking overnight tea,drinking boiled for a long time tea decreased(P ＜ 0.01).But the behavior implementation rates of drinking tea with milk,drinking and buying low fluoride brick tea significantly increased(P ＜ 0.05).Implementation rate of whether drinking brick tea did not change significantly(P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionsThrough hand hold hands health education intervention,the knowledge awareness of students on brick tea fluorosis increases,and their parents can actively change bad tea drinking habits,and cultivate healthy lifestyle.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; Helicobacter Infections ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; Helicobacter pylori ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mouth Mucosa ; microbiology

To prepare cyclosporine A (CyA) loaded block copolymer micelles and observe its release behaviors in vitro and pharmacokinetics in rats, methoxylpoly (ethylene glycol)-poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (mPEG-PLGA) was synthesized by ring-opening copolymerization of lactide and glycolide in the presence of methoxylpoly (ethylene glycol) (mPEG) as initiator. The structure of the mPEG-PLGA copolymer was confirmed with 1H NMR and FT-IR. The cyclosporine A loaded micelles (CyA-PM) were prepared by solvent evaporation method and their morphology was observed by the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The mean size and size distribution were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The release behaviors in vitro and pharmacokinetics in rats were investigated by HPLC method using cyclosporine A injection commercial agent, sandimmune, as the reference. The obtained CyA-PM showed spherical shape with the core-shell structure, the mean particle sizes are in the range of 136.1-141.9 nm. The drug loading amount and entrapment efficiency were increased and the particle size became smaller with decreasing the ratio of acetone to water. With the increasing of the amount of cyclosporine A fed the drug loading increased, entrapment efficiency decreased and the particle size had no change. CyA-PM showed significant sustained release behave in vitro compared with sandimmune and only 9.7% of encapsulated cyclosporine A was released after 12 hours, the release characteristics was well fitted with Higuchi equation (r = 0.999). The Pharmacokinetics study at equal administration dosage (5 mg x kg(-1)) in rats showed the half-life (t1/2) of CyA-PM extended and the area under concentration-time curve (AUC) increased compared to sandimmune. The results also showed that cyclosporine A concentration-time data were all in accord with two compartment model. Cyclosporine A loaded mPEG-PLGA micelles showed obviously solubility enhancement, sustained release and overcome the side effect and toxicity of sandimmune resulted from solubiling agent-polyoxyethylene castor oil (Cremophor EL) and might be developed as a novel dosage form of cyclosporine A.
Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Cyclosporine ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Carriers ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Drug Compounding ; Half-Life ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Micelles ; Particle Size ; Polyesters ; administration & dosage ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacokinetics ; Polyethylene Glycols ; administration & dosage ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacokinetics ; Polymers ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of the CDH13 gene and BCR/ABL fusion gene in chronic myeloid leukemia(CML) patients at different stages and explore their relationship.

METHODSRNA was isolated from peripheral blood in 30 healthy adults, 22 primary CML patients and 25 blastic crisis of CML patients. We examined the expression of the CDH13 gene and BCR/ABL fusion gene using EVA Green real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSThe expression of the BCR/ABL fusion gene in the patients with blastic crisis CML was 4.72 folds as that of the patients with primary CML. The expression of the CDH13 gene in the primary and blastic crisis CML patients was significantly reduced to 36% and 25% of that in healthy controls, respectively. Moreover, negative correlation was found between the expressions of these two genes.

CONCLUSIONThe study showed that the reduction of the CDH13 expression at different clinical stage of CML may account for the defective cell adhesion in CML, and the expression of the CDH13 gene was probably down-regulated by the BCR/ABL fusion gene.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cadherins ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo observe effect of electroacupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST 36) on expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-like immunoreactive substance in spinal cord of the rat and to probe the mechanism.

METHODSThe IFN-gamma-like immunoreactive positive cell number in spinal cord of the rat was investigated with immunohistochemical SP method and microscopy.

RESULTSAfter electroacupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST 36), IFN-gamma-like immunoreactive positive cell number in the spinal cord of the rat with electroacupuncture plus immunosuppression did not significantly change (P > 0.05). The number of positive cells in the dorsal horn in the rats with immunosuppression was significantly less than that in the normal control group (P < 0.05) with no significant change in other parts and with no significant difference between the electroacupuncture group and the control group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONElectroacupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST 36) can increase expression of IFN-gamma-like immunoreactive substance in spinal cord of the rat, and acupuncture activates the nerve-immunoregulative network possibly by IFN-gamma as medium.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Interferon-gamma ; Rats ; Spinal Cord

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVESTo inject decorin-transfected mesangial cells (MsC) vector into the kidneys of rats with anti-thy-1 serum-induced nephritis via left renal artery and observe the survival condition of MsC vector and its influence on glomerular lesions in rats with anti-thy-1 serum induced nephritis.

METHODSRat mesangio-proliferative glomerulonephritis was established by tail intravenous injection with rabbit anti-thy-1 serum (ATS). Decorin-transfected MsC was injected into rat kidneys via left renal artery. Primary culture, immunostaining for BrdU and decorin of transfected MsC lines were performed to observe their survival. Immunohistochemistry with image analysis was performed to detect the expression of BrdU, alpha-SMA, decorin, TGF-beta1, FN and ColIV in diseased glomeruli.

RESULTSRat anti-thy-1 serum-induced nephritis identified by pathological examination was successfully established by injecting rabbit ATS, and decorin transfected MsC vector was transfused to rat glomeruli via left renal artery. The active growth and positive expressions of BrdU and decorin proteins on the nuclei and cytoplasms of ex vivo MsC were observed respectively. TGF-beta1, FN, ColIV expressions in diseased glomeruli of rats with ATS nephritis were decreased significantly at day 4 (TGF-beta1, P < 0.05) and day 2 (FN and ColIV, P < 0.01) respectively, compared to uninjected kidneys.

CONCLUSIONSMsC vector is successfully transferred to the glomeruli of experimental rats via left renal artery injection with no affect on cell survival. Decorin protein is expressed on the transfected MsC and shows antagonistic effect on the glomerular lesions of ATS rats. It suggests that the use of ex vivo MsC vector system can provide useful experimental basis for gene therapy of kidney disease in animal model.

Animals ; Decorin ; Disease Models, Animal ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; Genetic Therapy ; Glomerular Mesangium ; metabolism ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative ; pathology ; therapy ; Immune Sera ; immunology ; Kidney Glomerulus ; pathology ; Proteoglycans ; genetics ; Rats ; Thy-1 Antigens ; immunology ; Transfection

Objectives: To observe the effects of dietary sodium intake on plasma inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) and monocyte chemoattractant protein -1 (MCP-1) in normotensive adults. Methods: Thirty normotensive volunteers, aged 18 to 60 years old, were selected to undergo baseline survey, low-sodium diet (51.3 mmol per day) for 7 days, followed by high-sodium diet (307.8 mmol per day) for 7days. Subjects were classified as salt sensitive (SS, 10 subjects) or non-salt sensitive (NSS, 20 subjects) based on their mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) increase (SS: more than 10 percent increase at the end of the high-sodium phase compared with the end of low-sodium phase). Fasting blood samples were taken on the first day of baseline and on the sixth day of the two intervention phases. Plasma TNF-α and MCP-1 concentration was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system, plasma hs-CRP concentration was measured by immune nephelometry. Results: The prevalence of SS is 33%. After salt loading, no significant change was found in the plasma hs-CRP concentrations; Whereas plasma TNF-α level increased significantly in both of the SS and NSS groups(pg/ml, [168.4±67.8 vs 42.1±26.7], P<0.01 and [129.8±24.1 vs 37.7±15.8], P<0.01, respectively) ; Plasma MCP-1 was also significantly higher during the high-sodium than the low-sodium phase in both SS and NSS groups(pg/ml, [205.2±64.2 vs 166.3±48.5], P<0.01and [212.3±52.2 vs 143.6±55.9], P<0.01). Conclusions: High-sodium diet can induce an inflammatory state independent of the salt sensitivity in normotensive subjects.

BACKGROUNDScreening libraries against a molecular target in vitro are idealized models that cannot reflect the real state in vivo where biomolecules coexist and interact. C-terminal amide tripeptides labelled with Technetium-99m can provide a unique noninvasive approach to trace a large number of compounds in vivo.

METHODSThe C-terminal amide tripeptide libraries were synthesized on Rink Amide-MBHA resin using iterative and pooling protocol. Technetium (V) oxo core [TcO(3+)] was bound to each tripeptide via 4 deprotonated nitrogen atoms to form a library of 8000 (99m)Tc tripeptoid complexes. The radiocombinatorial screening (RCS) in vivo was carried out on SD rats and A549 tumour bearing mice.

RESULTSSignals of tissue distribution and metabolism of libraries were recorded by counting or imaging and tissue targeting leads identified by both random and directed RCS. Among them, (99m)Tc RPA, (99m)Tc VIG and (99m)Tc RES had specific tissue targeting in kidney, liver and tumour respectively. The percent injected dose per gram tissue of (99m)Tc labelled leads in their target tissue was highly structure dependent. Because the nontarget tissue binding and the metabolism of (99m)Tc tripeptoid sublibraries were simultaneously monitored successfully by RCS, the interference of background activity was limited to the lowest level. Optimization of renal function agent from the labelled libraries was carried out by directed screening. (99m)Tc DSG was finally identified the most promising agent for renal function studies.

CONCLUSIONSRCS in vivo is a powerful tool for the discovery of tissue targeting drugs. The potential screening bias is probably the major limitation of labelled libraries.

Animals ; Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques ; Drug Design ; Female ; Isotope Labeling ; Kidney Function Tests ; Liver ; diagnostic imaging ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Neoplasms, Experimental ; diagnostic imaging ; Peptide Library ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; chemical synthesis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Technetium ; Tissue Distribution

OBJECTIVESuppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) have been shown to play an important role in regulating cytokines, such as intracellular interferon (IFN) and interleukin (IL), in the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway. At present, the association between SOCS and asthma is still under study. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with the intracellular IFN-'/IL-4 ratio in CD4+ T cells and specific IgE (sIgE) level in children with asthma.

METHODSBMCs were collected from 44 children with allergic asthma (4-14 years) and 30 healthy children. The intracellular IFN-'/IL-4 ratio in CD4+ T cells was measured by flow cytometry. Total RNAs were extracted from the PBMCs and SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 mRNA expression was measured by SYBR Green I quantitative RT-PCR.

RESULTSCompared with the healthy children, children with allergic asthma showed a lower level of intracellular IFN-' in peripheral blood [(15.7±2.0)% vs (19.1±2.7)%] and IFN-'/IL-4 ratio (3.4±1.5 vs 4.8±2.9) and higher SOCS-1 mRNA expression (-Ct, 11.1±1.9 vs 12.6±2.8). There was a negative relationship between SOCS-1 mRNA expression and the percentage of IFN-'-producing CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood in both asthmatic and healthy children (P<0.05). No correlation was found between SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 expression and sIgE level.

CONCLUSIONSChildren with allergic asthma have elevated levels of SOCS-1 mRNA in PBMCs, which is associated with Th2-skewed immune response.

Adolescent ; Asthma ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cytokines ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; genetics ; Interleukin-4 ; genetics ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Signal Transduction ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins ; genetics ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; immunology